Why are there so few scenic spots open to the outside world in the Ming Tombs, while almost all the imperial tombs in the Qing Dynasty are open to the outside world? -

As the last two feudal dynasties in the history of China, the imperial tombs of Ming and Qing dynasties have also become popular tourist attractions in modern times. However, people who have been to the Qing Tombs, the Qing Tombs and the Ming Tombs will find that the Qing Tombs and the Qing Tombs are much more open, but the Ming Tombs are few.

So far, nine scenic spots have been opened in the Dongling Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty, including the Yuling Palace in Qianlong and the Ding Dong Mausoleum Palace in Putuo Valley of Cixi. Except for the Changling Mausoleum in Jiaqing, almost all the ground buildings of other emperors' mausoleums are open as scenic spots, and the Qing chongling in Guangxu even opens underground.

13 Ming emperors were buried in the Ming Tombs, but so far only four ground architectural scenic spots have been opened, namely, Ming Taizu's Changling, Zhu Yijun's Ming Shenzong Dingling, Ming Muzong's Zhaoling and Ming Wuzong's Zhu Houzhao's Kangling. Together with the Lu Shen scenic spot in Changling, a total of five scenic spots have been opened, while Ming Shenzong's Dingling Underground Palace has only opened one. Among them, the Kangling Scenic Area of Ming Wuzong (202 1 April) just opened. In other words, if you don't count the scenic spot of Kangling, only three scenic spots of Ming Tombs were opened before, which is much less than the imperial tombs in Qing Dynasty. Why are the scenic spots of the Ming Tombs less open than those of Xiling and Dongling in the Qing Dynasty?

In fact, Ming Tombs, Qing Dongling and Qing Xiling are not all complete Ming and Qing Tombs. In addition to the Ming Tombs, the Ming Tombs also include ming tomb, Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang's mausoleum in Nanjing, the Ming Zu Mausoleum in Xuyi County, Jiangsu Province, the Ming Tombs of Zhu Yuanzhang's parents and brother-in-law in Fengyang, Anhui Province, Jingtai Emperor Zhu Qiyu's Jingtai Mausoleum in Yuquan Mountain, Haidian, Beijing, and the Ming Tombs built after Zhu Houzong, the Ming Emperor of Hubei Province, chased his father Zhu Shiyuan as emperor.

Nanjing Ming Mausoleum has been opened to the public as a 5A-level tourist attraction, and Jiangsu Xuyi Ming Zu Mausoleum, Anhui Fengyang Ming Huang Mausoleum and Hubei Zhongxiang Ming Xian Mausoleum have also been opened to the public as 4A-level tourist attractions. Jingtai Mausoleum is too shabby to be opened as a scenic spot, but it is also open to the public free of charge. Generally speaking, the Ming Tombs are dominated by the Ming Tombs, and there are not many scenic spots.

The same is true of the imperial tombs in the Qing Dynasty. In addition to the Qing Xiling Mausoleum and the Qing Dongling Mausoleum, there are three mausoleums outside the customs, namely Fuling in Shenyang, Qing Taizu, Zhao Mausoleum, Huang Taiji in Qing Taizong and Qingyong Mausoleum in Xinbin County, Liaoning Province. Of course, the three mausoleums outside the customs have been opened as 4A-level tourist attractions.

Compared with the Ming Tombs, the Qing Xiling Mausoleum and the Qing Dongling Mausoleum are much more open, because both of them were stolen during the Republic of China, especially the Qing Dongling Mausoleum.

The theft of Qingling Mausoleum began in the summer of 1928. At that time, Sun Dianying, a warlord of the Republic of China, led his troops to Malanyu, Zunhua, Hebei Province, where the Qingling was located, and prepared to steal the Qingling.

The Qing Dongling was built in the 18th year of Shunzhi (16 1). There are five imperial tombs within the scope of the Qing Dongling Mausoleum, namely the Qing Xiaoling Mausoleum in Shunzhi, the Qing Jingling Mausoleum in Kangxi, the Qing Yuling Mausoleum in Qianlong, the Qing Dingling in Xianfeng and the Qing Huiling Mausoleum in Tongzhi.

When Sun Dianying was robbing a tomb, he was going to steal Kangxi's Qingling Tomb. As a result, due to the deep water in the underground palace of Jingling at that time, Sun Dianying gave up stealing Jingling instead.

Because people have always known that Qianlong and Cixi are very extravagant people, Sun Dianying decided that the treasures buried in their tombs must be very rich, so he decided to steal and dig their tombs.

Sun Dianying's tomb raiding team made destructive excavations in Yuling and Ding Dong Mausoleum. Because Sun Dianying and other grave robbers could not open the King Kong Gate after entering the underground, Sun Dianying ordered to blow up the King Kong Gate of the underground with explosives.

The funerary objects of Yuling Mausoleum and Ding Dong Mausoleum are extremely rich. Sun Dianying used more than 30 mules and horses to transport the treasures in the tomb. Later, because the treasures in these two tombs were rich enough, Sun Dianying was afraid of sleeping, so Sun Dianying stopped after stealing Yuling and Ding Dong Mausoleum.

It is precisely because of Sun Dianying's destructive excavation of the Qing tombs that all kinds of thefts of the Qing tombs began. After Sun Dianying stole the Dongling Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty, although it aroused the condemnation of public opinion at that time, people from all walks of life and the former Qing royal family strongly demanded that the government of the Republic of China severely punish Sun Dianying, but Sun Dianying was able to get away with it by bribing government officials with the treasure obtained from the tomb robbery.

1945 after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, the bandit king of Malanyu in Zunhua joined hands with the former Japanese puppet North China intelligence captain and Mu Shuxuan, the descendant of the tomb keeper of Qingming Mausoleum, to form a bandit robbery gang. They took advantage of the fact that Japan had just surrendered to Hebei province at that time, and the rule was in a vacuum, and they robbed the Qing tombs for the second time.

This time, the grave robbers dug up all the tombs of the emperors and concubines of the Qing Dongling except the Qing Xiaoling Mausoleum in Shunzhi. Shunzhi was cremated according to the old Manchu system before his death, and there were almost no funerary objects in the tomb except the urn of him and two queens to prevent theft.

After the second theft of the Qing Tomb, almost all the underground tombs were opened and the funerary objects were stolen. The worst is the tomb of Qing Dynasty in Kangxi. Because the water was too deep when Sun Dianying robbed the tomb for the first time, Kangxi's tomb survived, but the water went down when he robbed the tomb for the second time, and Kangxi's tomb was miserable. Because the tombs of Qianlong and Cixi were stolen very cleanly, Wang and other grave robbers mainly searched Kangxi's tomb very cleanly.

The remains of four queens and 1 imperial concubine buried with Kangxi were discarded at will. However, after the grave robbers left, there was a large area of water in the Jingling underground palace again. The six remains of Kangxi and his empresses had been soaked in water for many years, and it was not until the establishment of New China that the Jingling underground palace was rearranged.

The tomb of the Eastern Qing Dynasty was seriously stolen, and it was only after the founding of New China that it was completely protected and repaired. In contrast, the Qing Xiling is much better than it. Built in the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), there are four mausoleums in the Qing Xiling, namely, the Tailing Mausoleum in Yongzheng, the Changling Mausoleum in Jiaqing, the Muling Mausoleum in Daoguang and chongling in Guangxu.

Of the four mausoleums, only chongling in Guangxu 1938 was stolen, and the other three mausoleums are well preserved. Although there are occasional thieves in the other three mausoleums, most of them are stealing ground buildings. Generally speaking, the underground palace has not been opened, which means that the tombs are well preserved.

In contrast, the Ming Tombs are much better preserved than the Qing Xiling Mausoleum and the Qing Dongling Mausoleum. Only the Kang Ling of Ming Wuzong and the Si Ling of the late Ming Dynasty were stolen and destroyed.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng led a rebel army into Beijing and burned the underground building of Zhu Houzhao Kangling, a Ming Wuzong. Fortunately, however, the peasant rebel army did not open the underground building, but burned it down, so the underground building of Kangling in Ming Wuzong is still well preserved.

In order to buy people's hearts, the Qing Dynasty adopted a protection policy for all the Ming Tombs, sent troops to guard the Ming Tombs, and renovated them irregularly. Therefore, during the Qianlong period, the tomb of Zongkang in Mingwu was grandly restored.

Zhu Youjian was the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty. After Li Zicheng rebels entered Beijing, Zhu Youjian hanged himself in Jingshan. In fact, Zhu Youjian didn't build a mausoleum before his death. After Li Zicheng found his body, he was buried in the tomb of Tian Guifei, whom he loved before his death, together with his first wife, Queen Zhou.

After the Qing Dynasty entered Shanhaiguan, Shunzhi admired Zhu Youjian's spirit of dying for his country, so he decided to allocate funds to rebuild Zhu Youjian's mausoleum and named Zhu Youjian's mausoleum Siling himself.

The Ming Tombs were well preserved in the Qing Dynasty because of the Qing Dynasty's policy of protecting the Ming emperors' tombs. However, after the demise of the Qing dynasty, it was miserable. Because of the warlords' scuffle, local bandits robbed the Ming Tombs twice, and Emperor Zhu Youjian, who had been a martyr all his life, was restless and looted.

Later, during the war of liberation, the national government was in short supply, so the surface buildings of Ming Siling were demolished to build turrets. It can be said that after the Republic of China, the Ming Si Ling was completely stolen, not only the underground palace was opened, but also the landmark buildings were demolished.

In addition to Kangling and Siling, the Dingling Underground Palace in Zhu Yijun, Ming Shenzong was also opened at 1956, but this time it was for archaeology.

At that time, historians Mr. Wu Han and Mr. Guo Moruo applied to the state to excavate the Ming Tombs of Judy in Ming Taizu, so as to find out a complete set of Yongle Dadian. Mr Wu Han and Mr Guo Moruo are both famous historians and archaeologists. They really wanted to see the real meaning of Yongle ceremony, so they thought of excavating the Ming tomb of Yongle emperor Judy.

However, because the entrance to the underground palace of the Ming Tombs was very hidden, the archaeological team searched for it for a long time but couldn't find it, just in time for the collapse of the Ming Tombs in Ming Shenzong. Therefore, experts decided to carry out rescue excavation of the Ming Tombs to ensure that the Ming Tombs can be used as a training ground in the future.

In this way, Zhu Yijun and Ming Shenzong took a bullet for Ming Taizu Judy a hundred years later. After the Ming Dingling Mausoleum was excavated, due to the backward archaeological technology at that time, the lack of scientific protection measures, and the lack of people's awareness of cultural relics protection at that time, many unearthed cultural relics were weathered immediately after the Ming Dingling Mausoleum was opened, which made people feel very sorry and caused a tragedy in the archaeological history of new China.

After experiencing the painful lesson of excavating the Ming Tombs, the state stopped excavating the Ming Tombs of Judy, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and also rejected Mr. Guo Moruo's suggestion of excavating the Tang Gan Mausoleum, the tomb where Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Empress Wu Zetian were buried together. The state has issued a policy for the protection of cultural relics. According to the policy, ancient tombs will no longer be excavated actively, but only those that have been stolen will be excavated for rescue. This policy has also continued to this day.

So only Kang Ming Mausoleum of Ming Wuzong, Ming Dingling Mausoleum of Ming Shenzong and Ming Siling Mausoleum of Zhu Youjian were stolen, and only Siling Mausoleum and Dingling Underground Palace were opened. Due to the protection policy of the Qing Dynasty and the overall geographical location, the remaining eleven tombs are located in Tianshou Mountain, Changping, Beijing, about a hundred miles away from Tiananmen Square, which means that they are close to the urban area, which also makes them not damaged by large-scale looting during the Republic of China, so most of the Ming Tombs can be well preserved.

Because the Ming Tombs are well preserved as a whole, the state has only opened a few scenic spots for people to visit in order to continue to properly protect the Ming Tombs. The Qing Dongling Mausoleum was seriously excavated, so there were more scenic spots open to the outside world after the national renovation, while the Qing Xiling Mausoleum only opened most of the ground buildings.

In fact, most of the Ming Tombs, Qing Xiling Mausoleum and Qing Dongling Mausoleum are ground buildings, and only the Ming Dingling Mausoleum, Qing Yuling Mausoleum, Qing Ding Dong Mausoleum and Qing chongling Mausoleum are really open.

Although many underground palaces were opened in the eastern part of the Qing Dynasty, not all of them were opened, especially the Jingling underground palace in Kangxi, which was the most seriously damaged by theft and often accumulated water, and was not suitable for tourists to visit.

However, the underground palaces of the Ming Tombs have hardly been opened, and they are all well preserved. According to the current cultural relics protection policy, it is even more impossible to open the underground palace. As for the ground buildings, it should be noted that the buildings in the Ming Tombs are too old.

You know, the Ming Tombs were built in the seventh year of Yongle (1409), and the Zhu Youjian Siling was rebuilt in the second year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1645), which lasted for 236 years. The original Ming Tombs have been built for more than 600 years, and even the latest Ming Tombs have been built for more than 300 years. Therefore, these ground buildings in the Ming Tombs have a long history.

Therefore, the Ming Tombs have not yet been fully opened, and the country is gradually renovating the Ming Tombs, and will strive to open all the ground buildings of the Ming Tombs to the outside world in the future.

On April 28th, 20021year, the newly opened Kangling of Ming Wuzong in the Ming Tombs was a tourist attraction that was opened only after the country gradually renovated it. It is said that the ground building of Kangling was badly damaged by rebels in Li Zicheng, and it was extensively repaired during the Qianlong period, but it was not until after Qianlong that the modern Kangling was repaired. After entering 2 1 century, Kangling suffered weathering damage again. Therefore, in 2003, the state invested 38 million yuan to urgently repair the ground buildings in Kangling. After this repair, the tour of the ground buildings in Kangling was opened to tourists.

Therefore, the country will continue to repair other tombs of the Ming Tombs in the future, so the Ming Tombs may be opened to people in the future.

In contrast, both the Qing Dongling Mausoleum and the Qing Xiling Mausoleum are much younger than the Ming Tombs in terms of architectural age. The Qing Xiaoling Mausoleum, which was first built in Shunzhi period, was only over 300 years old, and the Qing chongling, which was built at the latest in Guangxu period, was only over 100 years old.

Although the rulers of the Qing Dynasty adopted a protection policy for the Ming Tombs, they will also carry out repairs from time to time, but the rulers of the Qing Dynasty are certainly more serious and responsible for the maintenance and repair of their own imperial tombs than the Ming Tombs, so the Qing Tombs and the daily maintenance of the Qing Tombs are much better than the Ming Tombs.

Therefore, the construction time of the Qingling Mausoleum is much later than that of the Ming Tombs, and its daily maintenance is much better than that of the Ming Tombs, so the Qingling Mausoleum and its scenic spots are much more open than that of the Ming Tombs.

Because the Qing tombs are seriously looted, and both the Qing tombs and the Qing tombs are much younger than the Ming Tombs, and the Qing Dynasty maintains its own tombs much better than the Ming Tombs, so the Qing Tombs and the Qing Tombs are much more open than the Ming Tombs.

However, even if the country opens the Ming Tombs, the Qing Tombs and the Qing Tombs one after another, it will only open the ground buildings, and the underground palace that is not open will definitely not open.