The scenery, characteristics and main products of these lakes, including Nam Lake, Tai Lake, Poyang Lake, Weishan Lake, and Aibi Lake

Namu Lake

It is nearly 600 kilometers round trip from Lhasa. The scenery is excellent. A nature reserve is currently under construction. You can truly experience the snow-covered plateau, experience grasslands, snow-capped mountains, and lakes. Herdsmen, cattle and sheep. . . The artistic conception of Tibet. Generally, it is more convenient to travel with an off-road vehicle from Lhasa. You can also travel with a truck or a domestic jeep from Dangxiong, but it is more laborious and the cost is not much saved. When going to Namtso, you must go to the Tashi Peninsula. This island has karst landforms, caves, and stone forests. There are also ancient cave paintings and occasional people practicing. It takes an hour and a half to go around the island. If you have good physical strength, you can climb to the top of the mountain for a great view. When going to Namtso, we usually arrange a two-day itinerary. On the first day, we start from Lhasa, pass through Damxung Grassland, and go directly to Tashi Island by the lake. On the second day, we return from Namtso. If convenient, we can go to Yangbajing to take a geothermal bath. Hot spring bath. There are also customers who arrange a three-day itinerary.

Note:

1. Namtso is 4,700 meters above sea level. If you have just arrived in Tibet and haven’t adapted well yet, don’t go there. You can arrange to go to this scenic spot later. If you really want to go Prepare oxygen, medicine, etc.

2. Namtso is cold at night, so prepare warm clothes in advance. There is only one simple hotel and hotel on Tashi Island, with poor conditions and few beds. There are often no beds in the peak season. Please prepare food or tents in advance. Sleeping bags and other equipment.

3. Yangbajing Tickets are 30-40 yuan

Skeleton Wall

Located in Nagqubi County, it is a wall made of human skulls. If you are interested, you can take a ride there.

Taihu Lake

Taihu Lake is located at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, in the southern part of the Yangtze River Delta. It has beautiful mountains and clear waters and is rich in the flavor of Jiangnan water town. Taihu Lake, as vast as the sea, is dotted with 48 islands. These islands, together with the peaks and peninsulas along the way, are known as the 72 Peaks. They stretch from Tianmu Mountain in Zhejiang, and either end at the lakeside or enter the lake one after another, forming a form of mountains and rivers surrounding it. It forms a natural picture with mountains outside the mountains and lakes outside the lake. Located in the southern part of the lake and covering an area of ??62.5 kilometers, Dongting West Mountain is the largest and most beautiful island in Taihu Lake. It is across the water from Dongting Dongshan. There are 72 peaks in Taihu Lake, 41 of which are in the West Mountain. The main peak standing in the center is Piaomiao Peak, also called Yao Xian Peak, with an altitude of 336 meters. In addition to temples and summer resort buildings, the mountain is mainly famous for its natural beauty. Sceneries such as the autumn moon and plum snow are the most distinctive. In addition, the strange rocks on the west mountain are rugged. , there are many caves, and the exquisite and clear Taihu stones decorate the whole island in a unique way. To the east of Taihu Lake is the Dongting Mountain. The large spire of its main peak is one of the 72 peaks. The main monuments in the mountain include the Song Dynasty clay statues of Zijin Temple, the Yuan Dynasty Xuanyuan Palace, the Ming Dynasty brick gate tower and the modern carved building. The essence of Taihu Lake's scenic spots and historic sites are concentrated on the north shore of Taihu Lake. The most famous ones are Yuantouzhu and Lihu.

There is paradise above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below. Wuxian County is undoubtedly a paradise within paradise.

“The scenery of Taihu Lake is beautiful, and the essence is in Wuxian County.” Taihu Lake has 2,400 square kilometers of water surface, and Wuxian County accounts for 3/4. There are 72 peaks in the lake, and Wuxian City has 58 peaks. Among the 13 Taihu Lake scenic spots planned by the State Council, Dongshan, Xishan, Guangfu, Jiaozhi, Mudu, and Shihu are the six major ones. The scenic area is located in Wuxian City. There are Shigong Mountain, Linwu Cave, Qiyuan, Tianchi Mountain and other famous scenic spots in the scenic area. The beautiful mountains and waters are picturesque.

Wuxian City has many cultural relics and historic sites, with 89 cultural protection units at or above the county level, including 24 at the provincial level and 1 at the national level. There are Sanshan Paleolithic Age ruins, four ancient cypresses of "Qing", "Strange", "Ancient" and "Weird" in Situ Temple, the unique Tang sculpture works in Baosheng Temple, the colorful sculpture of Arhat in Zijin Temple, etc. It has a long history and humanities Collection.

Wuxian County is a shopping paradise for tourists. It has loquats, bayberry, oranges, plums, whitebait, white shrimps, plum crucian carp, water shield, hairy crabs, biluochun and other local products, as well as Suzhou embroidery, leather Wu cultural crafts such as silk, carvings, and mud inkstones are rich in products and unique in technology.

Wuxian City, embracing the ancient city of Suzhou, has obvious location advantages. Within the territory, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal overlooks the north and south, the Shanghai-Nanjing Railway, and the expressway cross from east to west, closely connecting Shanghai, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and other cities. Coupled with rich tourism resources, Wuxian City has built a national tourism resort in recent years, including Taihu Lake. District, Taihu Bridge, Dongshan, hotels, Guangfu Airport, etc., a large number of entertainment and basic supporting service facilities, etc., developed special tourism products such as Plum Blossom Festival, golden autumn osmanthus picking tour, four-season fresh fruit tour, water town and ancient town tour, etc., forming a food , supporting service system for accommodation, transportation, entertainment, shopping and travel.

Taihu Lake has beautiful scenery and Wuzhong people are beautiful. This is your best choice for travel, sightseeing, leisure and vacation.

Poyang Lake

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China. It is located in the northern part of Jiangxi Province, 50km northeast of Nanchang City. Poyang Lake receives water from the five rivers of Gan, Fu, Xin, Rao and Xiu, and the Yangtze River, the largest river in my country, flows below. Under normal water levels, Poyang Lake covers an area of ??3,914 square kilometers and has a volume of 30 billion cubic meters. The amount of water flowing into the Yangtze River every year exceeds the total amount of water in the three rivers of the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and Hainan River. Poyang Lake has a water surface of about 200,000 hectares in Jiujiang, and its basin covers six counties (districts) including Duchang, Hukou, Xingzi, Yongxiu, De'an and Lushan District. It is a pearl in northern Jiangxi.

Poyang Lake, with its vast misty waves and vast waters, has formed a shape that is wide in the south and narrow in the north after a long period of geological evolution, just like a huge treasure gourd tied to the belt of the Yangtze River. Due to the influence of the southeast monsoon carrying a large amount of water vapor, the annual rainfall in Poyang Lake is more than 1,000 millimeters, forming a humid monsoon climate of "the country is green with green grass and yellow plums in the misty rain", and has become a famous land of fish and rice.

Among the lakes in my country, Poyang Lake has the largest freshwater aquaculture water area and is a place for some rare fish in the Yangtze River to roam, spawn and fatten. There are 122 species of fish and 50 species of phytoplankton in the waters. Poyang Lake also has 2 million acres of grassland with rich water and grass. From October to March of the following year, hundreds of thousands of rare and migratory birds come here to spend the winter. In June 1983, the Jiangxi Provincial Government established the Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Nature Reserve in Wucheng Town, Yongxiu County; in May 1988, it was approved by the State Council to become a national nature reserve. This reserve is currently home to the world's largest wintering population of Siberian Cranes, which accounts for more than 98% of the world's population. It is also home to the world's largest population of swan geese found so far, with more than 30,000 swan geese. The reserve is home to 54 species of nationally protected animals, and 13 species of birds are listed as endangered in the world by Birdlife International. Rich and precious bird resources have won our country a reputation. Presidents of the World Wildlife Fund - Prince Philip of the United Kingdom, Prince Henrik of Denmark, and domestic and foreign experts and scholars have made a special trip here to inspect. Many domestic and foreign tourists have come here to visit, calling this place the "Kingdom of Rare Birds" and "Kingdom of Rare Birds". The Second Great Wall of China”.

Fauna and Flora of Poyang Lake

Every year, many tourists and foreigners go to the reserve to watch birds in winter. The bird watching season is from November to March of the following year. Famous scenic spots in the lake area include Luoxingdun, Lakeside Beach, Flame Mountain, Laoye Temple, etc.

a. Ziyang Dike is a dam made of granite. It was built by Zhu Xi in the Song Dynasty when he was the Southern Governor. Because Zhu Xi was named "Ziyang", the local people named it "Ziyang Dike" in memory of him. ".

b. Luo Xing Dun is located in the lake two kilometers south of Xingzi County. Li Daoyuan recorded in "Shui Jing Zhu": "Luo Xing Stone, more than a hundred steps back, is five feet high and goes up to Bamboo and wood grow there, and it is said that a star fell here, so Xingzi County got its name. In the Five Dynasties, Luoxing Dun was named Baoshi Mountain. In the early Song Dynasty, pavilions and courtyards were built on it. Wang Anshi, Huang Tingjian, and Zhu Xi There are inscriptions and chants all over the place, and Wang Anshi's poem "One wine glass for thousands of miles along the Yangtze River" has been passed down through the ages. Stopping at Luoxing Temple, you can overlook the beautiful scenery of Mount Lu in the distance and the beautiful scenery of Po Lake up close, with leaping golden scales and flying egrets. The scene of pastoral poet Tao Yuanming's return to the fields when "the boat floated lightly in the distance, and the wind fluttered his clothes" seems to be vaguely visible.

c. Lakeside beach, take a speedboat from Luoxingdun to the southeast for eight minutes, and you will see the endless "Ten Miles Golden Beach". The slope here is flat and the sand is fine, with abundant sunshine. It is a very good place for sun bathing, sand bathing and lake bathing. The lakeside beach will be natural and simple, allowing the majority of mainland tourists to enjoy the beach without going to the coast. Beach travel will relieve you of travel fatigue and let you marvel at the rich rewards of nature.

d. The Flame Mountain is located in the lake eight kilometers northeast of the tourist pier. The rocks composed of sandy gravel are in various forms, with different shapes and are red, so the local people call this scene the "Flaming Mountain" , being in it, you can't help but admire the wonders of nature, and enjoy the mysterious, quiet and fairyland-like beauty.

e. Laoye Temple, also known as "Xianying Palace". According to historical records: "At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty fought against the puppet Han in Poyang. After losing the battle at the beginning, he walked to the lakeside and met an old man in his boat near the shore. Taizu was relieved and gave him a golden ring. When he looked back, he was like a turtle. It was evening, "I stayed in the temple and wrote poems on the wall." Later, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty named it "Jiangjun Yuan Temple". The water area in front of the Laoye Temple is known as "China's Bermuda". The rapid water flow and complex hydrogeological conditions add a mysterious color to the Laoye Temple.

f. Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Sanctuary, 40 kilometers south by boat from the tourist pier, is the migratory bird viewing area. As a new type of tourism item, it is becoming more and more popular among domestic and foreign tourists. From November to March every year, water flows out of the beach, and the vast grasslands and lakes become the most ideal habitat for various types of overwintering birds. According to the International Crane Foundation, there are more than 150 species of wintering migratory birds, with nearly 110,000 birds. Among them, there are 1,350 white cranes. When the migratory birds fly in, they cover the sky and the sun, making it a spectacular sight. Therefore, the Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Area is listed as a "World Class A Migratory Bird Sanctuary".

Water tourism routes and prices

Ziyangdi·Luoxingdun Ziyangdi·Luoxingdun·Lakeside Beach·Laoye Temple Ziyangdi·Luoxingdun·Flaming Mountain 25 yuan/person 40 yuan/person 35 yuan/person

The distance from the water entertainment center (i.e. tourist pier) to various scenic spots

Zhou Yu points to Jiangtai Guanyin Bridge, Ailian Pond, White Deer Academy, Xiufeng Lushan Mountain< /p>

0.5 kilometers 6 kilometers 0.5 kilometers 10 kilometers 6 kilometers 50 kilometers

Luoxingdun Laoye Temple Flame Mountain Shoes Mountain Lakeside Beach Migratory Bird Area

2 Kilometers 15 kilometers 8 kilometers 38 kilometers 12 kilometers 40 kilometers

Poyang Lake is becoming a paradise for rare wild animals

Poyang Lake is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It is the largest freshwater lake in China and home to the white-tip dolphin , finless porpoise, Chinese sturgeon, white crane and other rare wildlife habitats. In recent years, due to the increasing water pollution of the Yangtze River and the deterioration of the ecological environment, the living environment of rare wild animals such as white-tip dolphins and finless porpoises has also been destroyed, and their numbers have plummeted. These rare animals are now hard to see in the Yangtze River Basin, and occasionally appear in a few places such as Poyang Lake.

In Poyang Lake, white-finned dolphins used to be very common, but now they are hard to find; while the number of finless porpoises still maintains a considerable size. According to Director Zhou of the Poyang Lake Management Bureau, only one or two white-tip dolphins have been found in the river in the past two years, but more than 300 finless porpoises have been found. There are four reasons for the decrease in the number of wild animals such as bald dolphins: First, the natural reproductive capacity of finless porpoises and bald dolphins is relatively low, the growth cycle is relatively long, and the development ability is relatively weak; second, after entering the 1970s and 1980s, due to the increase in fishing intensity, fisheries Resources have decreased; third, the impact of artificial sand dredging, blasting, and Yangtze River shipping; fourth, environmental pollution and other aspects of pollution have also had a certain impact on the survival of some animals.

In order to protect these rare animals, the local government has established a protected area for finless porpoises and other animals in the Poyang Lake area. There is a fishing moratorium for several months every year in the protected area so that these animals can get sufficient food. . The local government is also committed to arousing local residents' awareness of conservation. Now fishermen in the Poyang Lake area are becoming more aware of protecting rare wild animals.

Poyang Lake not only provides a broad and safe living space for white-tip dolphins, finless porpoises, Chinese sturgeons, etc., but as one of the important wetlands in the world, Poyang Lake attracts a large number of cranes, storks, swans, etc. every year. Rare migratory birds come here to spend the winter. Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Sanctuary is one of the most important winter habitats for Siberian Cranes in the world. About 2,900 Siberian Cranes come to Panyang Lake in Jiangxi Province to spend the winter every year, accounting for 98% of the total number of Siberian Cranes in the world.

According to reports, in order to provide a good habitat for these rare migratory birds, as early as 1988 The Chinese government has established a migratory bird sanctuary in Poyang Lake. Through years of publicity and management, the hunting and smuggling of rare migratory birds has been significantly reduced. At the same time, with the development of planting and breeding industries in the protected area, fishermen have bid farewell to the traditional lifestyle of making a living by fishing. This has greatly improved the phenomenon of people and birds competing for fish, and can provide opportunities for birds. Provide more food sources.

Weishan Lake

Weishan Lake is located at 116.34’ east longitude and 34.27’ north latitude. The maximum area is about 1,266 square kilometers, accounting for 45% of the province's freshwater area. It is the largest lake in Shandong Province and a famous large freshwater lake in my country. Its fishery output per unit area ranks first among large lakes (area greater than 1,000 square kilometers). The lake is 126 kilometers long from north to south and 5-25 kilometers wide from east to west. The narrowest part in the middle is called the waist of the lake. In 1960, a lake dam was built on the middle of the lake. Control locks and ship locks were built on the dam to divide the lake into two parts. The north of the dam is the upper lake with an area of ??602 square kilometers, and the south of the dam is the lower lake with an area of ??664 square kilometers. The upper-level lake allows a maximum water level of 36.50 meters, the Xingli water level is 34.20 meters, and the backwater level is 33.00 meters; the lower-level lake allows a maximum water level of 35.00 meters, the Xingli water level is 32.5 meters, and the backwater level is 1,000 square kilometers). The lake is 126 kilometers long from north to south and 5-25 kilometers wide from east to west. The narrowest part in the middle is called the waist of the lake. In 1960, a lake dam was built on the middle of the lake. Control locks and ship locks were built on the dam to divide the lake into two parts. The north of the dam is the upper lake with an area of ??602 square kilometers, and the south of the dam is the lower lake with an area of ??664 square kilometers. The upper-level lake allows a maximum water level of 36.50 meters, the Xingli water level is 34.20 meters, and the backwater level is 33.00 meters; the lower-level lake allows a maximum water level of 35.00 meters, the Xingli water level is 32.5 meters, and the backwater level is 31.5 meters. The flood control storage capacity of the whole lake is 4.731 billion cubic meters; the Xingli water level storage capacity is 1.702 billion cubic meters; the Xingli regulating storage capacity is 1.128 billion cubic meters; the average water depth is about 1.5 meters, making it a large shallow freshwater lake. The lakeside is surrounded by mountains to the east, plains to the west, the wealthy land of northern Jiangsu to the south, and the hometown of Confucius and Mencius to the north, with a drainage area of ??31,700 square kilometers. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal runs through the north and south of the lake, connecting the north and south river systems.

Weishan Lake belongs to the Sihe River system in the Huaihe River Basin.

Lake West is located in the Yellow River Plain between the Yellow River and the Old Yellow River. The terrain is gentle, with a ratio of about 10% to 10000%. The river channel is wide and shallow, and the peak flood volume is low. It passes through the Zhuzhaoxin River and the Laowanfu River respectively. , Dongyu River, Fuxing River, etc. flow into Weishan Lake from west to east; in the north, the Liangji Canal receives water from Jibei and Yuncheng, Liangshan and Dongping Lake New Lake District; the lake area near the east of the lake is the Quaternary of Taiyi Mountains The alluvial land is hilly and plain. The far lake area is the Qimai Mountain area of ??Mengshan Mountain. The river channel is short and the flood peak is high and rapid. It passes through Si River, Quan River, Taofu River, Baima River, Cheng River, Guo River, Cross River and Xuecheng River respectively. Dasha River and others flow into Weishan Lake from east to west. Weishan Lake receives water from 32 counties, cities and districts in the four provinces of Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and Anhui from the east, west and north. The drainage area is 31,700 square kilometers. There are 47 main rivers entering the lake. The main rivers with an area of ??more than 1,000 square kilometers include Si River, Liangji Canal, Baima River, Zhuzhaoxin River, Laowanfu River, Fuxing River, Chengguo River, Dongyu River, Taofu River, Xinxue River, and Xinwanfu River***11 The lake exits include Hanzhuang Gate and Yijiahe Gate in Weishan County, Shandong Province, and Linjiaba Gate in Jiangsu Province.

There are different opinions on the cause of Weishan Lake. According to the analysis of existing geological data and landforms, controlled by geotectonic structures since the Cenozoic, the western Shandong area has been in a strong downward process for a long time, forming a depression and becoming a vast plain. It is adjacent to the central Shandong mountain area in the east, and there is water flow stagnation at the junction. The geological conditions that accumulate to form lakes. From the analysis of the geological structure and sediment types of the lake area, Weishan Lake is located on the Quaternary accumulation in the late Cenozoic from north to south, but the sediments in the lake are very few and very thin, indicating that the massive sedimentation has gone through a long period of time. historical stage, and the lake was formed not long ago on the Quaternary accumulation. From the analysis of the recorded evolution process of rivers such as the Yellow River and Si River, the Yellow River burst was an important reason for the gradual formation of lakes. In addition, the changes and development of canals accelerated the formation of Nanshang Lake. From the Xia Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty, states and cities were established many times in what is now Nansi Lake. "Historical Records" records that the "Still Kingdom" of the Xia Dynasty was once located in Zhongjiaqian Village on the east bank of Nansi Lake; the "Yi Kingdom" of the Zhou Dynasty was established 6 kilometers west of Luqiao Town. "Shui Jing Zhu" records that Sishui meets the Tao River in the west of Gaoping, and there is Maoxiang City in the west. Forty miles southeast of Maocheng City, there are Langting, Langcheng, and Langtai belonging to the Lu State. In the northwest of today's Liuzhuang Township, the Warring States Period During this period, Huling County was established, located in today's Zhaoyang Lake, Chengzimiao Village, Zhanglou Township. This shows that Nansi Lake gradually evolved later.

According to historical records, Surabaya was originally located on the west bank of today's Weishan Lake, flowing from Yanzhou through Luqiao and Nanyang in Weishan County, east of Guting in Yutai County, and then south to the east of Peixian County, passing through Xuzhou, where the Huaihe River flows from Huaiyin to the sea eastward, flows smoothly and is a major tributary of the lower reaches of the Huaihe River.

In 132 BC (the third year of Emperor Yuanguang of the Han Dynasty), the Yellow River captured Si and entered the Huaihe River for the first time. The Yellow River burst at Quzi (southwest of Puyang, Henan today) and flowed southeast towards Juyeze. The old route to seize the Si River was diverted to the Huai River and flowed into the sea. The Yellow River flooded between Ji and Pu for 23 years. Until 109 AD (the second year of Emperor Wu's Yuanfeng reign), the emperor sent his envoy Guo Chang and other tens of thousands of soldiers to block the gourd breach. At this time, not all of the Yellow River entered the Si River. Until the early Song Dynasty, although the Yellow River migrated for the second time in the third year after Wang Mang founded the country, the impact on the Si River was not serious. However, the movement of the Yellow River water caused some depression sedimentary facies areas to appear in the Luxi Plain. According to the "History of Sui Dynasty: Biography of Xue Zhou": "The east Yi River of Yanzhou City (the Xiaoyi River) and the Si Er River merged and flowed southward, flooding the swamp." It can be seen that south of Jining, below Yanzhou on the east bank of the ancient Surabaya River, Swamp lakes had already been formed during the Sui Dynasty.

Since 1077 (the tenth year of Xining, Shenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty), the Yellow River has changed its course, and the number of breaches has gradually increased. The role of the Yellow River flow in accelerating the evolution of Weishan Lake has also increased accordingly. In 1194 AD (the fifth year of Mingchang reign of Emperor Zhangzong of Jin Dynasty), the Yellow River broke through Yangwu in Henan Province and entered Liangshanbo to divide its flow from north to south. The Southern Han Dynasty entered the Huaihe River from the Nanqing River, passed through Fenshang, Jiaxiang, and Jining, merged with Surabaya in the southwest of Luqiao Town, Weishan County, and entered the Huaihe River in Qingjiang City, Jiangsu Province. In 1495 AD (the eighth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty), Liu Daxia built Huangling Ridge and built the Taihang Embankment. All the yellow water flowing from the north came south, from Kaifeng to Xuzhou to seize Bian, then to Huaiyin to seize Si, and from Huaiyin to Haikou Nanlan Kao Tongwaxiang The breach moved northward and the Daqing River flowed from Lijin, Shandong Province into the sea, forming the current Yellow River. It took more than 660 years. The Yellow River diverts the Si River from the Huai River. On the one hand, a large amount of silt accumulates to form the current Yellow River bed, which blocks the south flow of the Si River to the Huai River, causing floods to stagnate for a long time. On the other hand, due to the synergistic effect of the Yellow River and the eastern rivers, , resulting in the emergence of the prototype of Nansi Lake with different sizes, shapes, and bottom elevations from north to south in the area. From the geological data of boreholes and sediment analysis, the lake was formed not long ago on the Quaternary accumulation.

As the political center of the past dynasties moved northward, the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties successively established Beijing as their capitals in order to "transport the rivers and Huaihe Rivers to meet the needs of the capital", so they abandoned the Luoyang-centered capital built in the Sui Dynasty. The canal channel started from the Yuan Dynasty, connecting the North and South Canals. The Huitong River and Tonghui River were excavated in 1289 AD (the 26th year of the Yuan Dynasty) and 1293 AD (the 30th year of the Yuan Dynasty). At this time, the natural river channel of Surabaya was used as a canal between Jining and Xuzhou. In order to maintain the water depth for shipping, sluices were built on the Sishui River. The mountains and rivers in the east of the river were stopped on the east bank, and Zhaoyang Lake and Dushan Lake began to form. In the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow River continued to overflow, the Yellow River was weak, and the outlet of the Surabaya River was blocked. Zhaoyang and Dushan continued to expand, and small connected lakes such as Chishan, Weishan, Lümeng, and Zhangzhuang appeared near Weishan.

During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, the Nanyang New River was excavated to move the transport route away from Sishui and from Zhaoyang Lake to the west to the east of the lake. Mountain waters such as the Shah River in the east were introduced into Dushan Lake, and water from the Xue River was introduced into Lümeng Lake. In 1640 AD (the 32nd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), the Weihe River (today's Hanzhuang Canal) was opened, and the canal moved eastward again, laying the foundation for the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. At this point, the lake areas of Chishan, Weishan, Lümeng and Zhangzhuang lakes expanded rapidly and merged into Weishan Lake. With the development of the canal, lakes such as Zhaoyang became canal water tanks in order to store water from the mountains and rivers and transport it. At this time, Nanyang, Dushan, Zhaoyang, Weishan and other lakes were connected, initially forming today's Nansi Lake.

Therefore, the formation of Weishan Lake is not only controlled by the geotectonic structure, that is, the long-term decline of the western Shandong plain to form a sag geological condition, but also by the obstruction of the natural landforms of the central Shandong mountainous area and the influence of the Si River and other eastern mountains and rivers. Moreover, due to the long-term flooding of the Huangke River and the siltation of the old Si River and Huaihe River, the Si River has lost its outlet and the water flow has stagnated. In addition, the development of the canal and people's production activities have made the 240 miles long area between Jining and Xuzhou. It gradually evolved into a river dammed shallow water lake - Weishan Lake. With the further development and utilization of Weishan Lake, more experts and experts will continue to explore and improve the causes and evolution of Weishan Lake.

The Weishan Lake Area has a warm temperate, semi-humid monsoon continental climate, with an average annual temperature of 13.7°C, an average annual sunshine of about 2530 hours, and a frost-free period of 209 to 224 days. The average annual precipitation in the west of the lake is about 700 mm, and in the east of the lake is 750-850 mm. Sixty to seventy percent of the rainfall is concentrated in the flood season, mostly cyclonic rain or typhoon rain, which can easily cause flood disasters. Autumn, winter and spring generally have less rain and snow. It is characterized by drought in spring, floods in summer, and drought again in late autumn. The inter-annual variability of rainfall is also great. There is a huge difference between wet years and dry years. The average rainfall in the basin varies by 2 times, and consecutive droughts and floods often occur. Before treatment, the water system of the plain in the west of the lake was disordered and the drainage was poor; the river in the east of the lake had a short source and fast flow, and the floods were fierce. In addition, the terrain along the lake was low-lying. During the flood season, the floods rolled over the slopes, and the water levels in the lakes and rivers surged, accumulating Waterlogging caused disaster. During droughts, the lake water dries up, the land cracks, and three natural disasters: migratory locusts occur frequently. Many county annals have records of "flooding, ruins of houses," and "thousands of miles of bare ground, and hunger and death along the way."

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to eradicate various natural disasters, large-scale water conservancy construction began. Up to 250 small and medium-sized reservoirs were built in the east of Hudong; in the Huxi plain, measures were adopted to separate floods and drain high and low water. Major adjustments were made to the water system. Three main rivers for flood control and drainage were excavated: Dongyu River, Zhuzhao Xin River, and Liangji Canal. More than ten medium-sized rivers such as the old and new Wanfu River and Hui River were managed. The backbone rivers entering the lake were the Tiubaima River. , Zhushui River, Caihe River, Zhuzhaoxin River, Taofu River, Laowanfu River, etc. are close to reaching the standard of waterlogging removal once every three to five years and flood control once every ten to twenty years; the Huxi Levee and Niedong River have been built on the lakeside. 66 miles of intermittent embankments; a more than 6,000-meter-long secondary dam control gate water conservancy project was built on the lake waist, and a Hanzhuang control gate project was built at the lake outlet; a total length of 52.87 kilometers of deep trenches was dug in the lake to open the lake. Drainage channels were exhausted, and waterways running from north to south were opened; planned water storage began in the lake, and measures such as enclosure closures, construction of stations, and drainage improvements were adopted in the lakeside area.

After years of management and construction, Weishan Lake has changed from a lake with serious natural disasters to a lake with certain flood control and waterlogging capabilities and multiple functions of water storage, fish and poultry breeding, and navigation and tourism. Lakes with significantly improved economic benefits.

□Social and Economic Overview

The administrative division of the Weishan Lake Basin includes 32 cities, counties, and districts in Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan, and Anhui provinces. The 9,721 square kilometers of 11 counties and districts under the jurisdiction of Jining City, Shandong Province are all within the Weishan Lake basin, accounting for 30.7% of the total basin area of ??31,700 square kilometers. In addition to Weishan Lake, the scope of this investigation also includes six counties and districts under the jurisdiction of Jining City: Weishan County, Yutai County, suburban areas, Jinxiang County, Jiaxiang County, and Zouxian County. There are 36 towns and villages in the area, totaling 3017.4 square kilometers, accounting for 31.04% of the city's total area. The cultivated land area is 11.593 square kilometers (1.739 million acres); the population is 1.238 million (including 55,900 fishermen and 51,400 lake residents), and 474,000 workers.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, under the leadership of the party and the government, in order to completely change the backwardness of the lake area and eradicate flood disasters, the Government Affairs Council approved the establishment of Weishan County in 1953 to take charge of Weishan Lake; large-scale water conservancy projects were carried out Construction; on the basis of intensive farmland infrastructure construction focusing on water conservancy construction, rice reform was implemented in Binhu District in 1964. By 1983, 685 drainage and irrigation stations had been built, with 1,521 installed machines, 9,267 motorized wells, 4,859 supporting shafts, 5,518 installed machines, and 7 large sluices built, basically achieving the goal of irrigation in the event of drought and drainage in the event of floods. Agricultural production is stable, and the rice planting area reached 1.2 million acres in 1966. With the development of the agricultural economy, the level of mechanization of agricultural production has been continuously improved. In 1983, the number of agricultural power machinery has grown to 25,751 units, with 337,181 watts, and each watt supports 5.2 acres of cultivated land; there are 24,650 fishing boats, and 12 categories and 41 types of large, medium and small fishing gear. , 22,737 pieces; 455 seaworthy ships with a load capacity of 24,579 tons. Changes in production conditions and increases in productivity have promoted the economic development of the lake area.

In 1983, the area of ??grain crops was 1.23 million acres, the yield per mu was 560.9 kilograms, and the total output was 690,000 tons. Compared with the total output in 1964 before the Binhu rice reform, the total output increased by 4.56 times, and the yield per unit increased by 4.7 times. The cotton sowing area is 1.226 million acres, the yield per unit area is 57.9 kilograms, and the total output is 7.098 tons. The total agricultural output value within the scope of the survey was 602 million yuan, an increase of 7.7 times compared with 1956, the best year in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, with an annual growth rate of 8.4%. Among them, the agricultural output value was 39.635 million yuan, accounting for 64.2%, 1.8%, and 6.3% of the total agricultural output value respectively. , 21.1%, 6.58%, with per capita possession of 586 kilograms of grain, 400 kilograms of rations, 439.5 yuan in revenue, and 101 kilograms of grain sold to the country.

The average fishery output of Weishan Lake from 1950 to 1959 was 22,511.9 tons. In 1955, the fishery output reached 26,600 tons, and the aquatic economic plant area was 520,000 acres. In 1957, after a flood that occurred once in eighty years, Fisheries and aquatic economic plants have declined significantly. From 1960 to 1969, the average annual fishery output dropped to 10,296.6 tons. From 1972 to 1975, fish fingerlings and crab fry were intermittently released into the lake, which achieved certain results. From 1970 to 1979, the average fishery output dropped to 10,296.6 tons. The annual output reached 17,040.4 tons, and continued to improve after 1980. From 1980 to 1983, the fishery output reached 18,208.5 tons, and it has not yet returned to the highest level in history. In order to increase fishery resources, the state invested in the construction of three state-owned freshwater farms on the banks of Nanshang Lake, covering a total area of ??2,950 acres. At the same time, 95 commercial fish bases were built along the lake, with a water area of ??17,188 acres. Jining City, its suburbs, Weishan County, and Yutai County have successively established aquatic product supply and marketing companies, and set up 8 aquatic product purchasing stations in the lake area. In order to improve the living conditions of fishermen, 24 fishery brigades were helped to establish new fishermen villages. The number of fishermen settled on the mainland has reached 17,000, and the production and living conditions of fishermen have been greatly improved.

Coal power resources are abundant along the lake. The annual coal output of each mine is about 12 million tons. The power industry in the lake area is also a key national construction area. Jining Power Plant has built an installed capacity of 300,000 kilowatts and plans to install an installed capacity of 900,000 kilowatts. The Lumian Power Plant in Zouxian County, which is under construction, plans to have an installed capacity of 300,000 kilowatts in 2085, with a planned installed capacity of 3.6 million kilowatts. Also planned to start construction are the Jiaxiang Power Plant, the new Yanshi Railway in Hudong, and the design tasks for the first phase of the large-scale East Line of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The document is under review and approval; the planning and design of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal running through Nansi Lake and the 50,000-ton wharf have been approved by the Ministry of Transport and are pending construction. Currently, shipping vessels are connected to Ningbo, Shanghai, Hangzhou and other places. After the expansion of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, it will become The north-south water transportation artery for passengers and cargo. Over the past 30 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Nansi Lake has undergone initial development and management and has become the largest freshwater fishery base in Shandong Province, a commercial grain base rich in rice and wheat, and is becoming a transportation distribution base with the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and Jinpu Railway as its backbone. It is a key national energy industrial base focusing on electricity and coal.

Lake Aibi

A rift lake in the southwest of the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Also known as Burkhaci Lake. The lake is oval in shape and is the water collection center of the Junggar Basin. It is joined by the Bortala River, Jinghe River, Kuitun River, Sikeshu River and Laba River. Historically, the water surface area of ??Lake Aibi reached more than 1,200 square kilometers at its maximum, and the annual water flow into the lake reached 1.2 billion cubic meters. Due to land reclamation and interception in the upstream areas, only two rivers entered the lake, the Bortala River and the Jing River, and the other three rivers. The flow is cut off before entering the lake, and the annual water volume entering the lake is only 500 million cubic meters. The annual precipitation in Lake Aibi is less than 100 mm, while the annual evaporation of the water surface is as high as 1,300 mm. The lake surface altitude drops to 189 meters, the lake area shrinks to 1,070 square kilometers, the average depth is less than 2 meters, and the salt content reaches 87 grams/ Sheng, the lake water is bitter and salty, and is known as the Salt Lake.