History of shouyan town in Daoxian County, Hunan Province

1. Yuchanyan, shouyan town, Daoxian County, Hunan Province

Age: Location of the site from the end of Paleolithic Age to the early Neolithic Age

Location: shouyan town, Daoxian County, Hunan Province Excavation Unit: Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology was selected in 1995

Yuchanyan site is located in shouyan town, 12 kilometers northwest of Daoxian County, Yongzhou City, southern Hunan Province. Located in Xiaoshui, at the northern foot of Nanling. Geographical coordinates are 111 3' east longitude and 25 3' north latitude. It is a prehistoric cave site with simple cultural nature and rich cultural connotation. The cave is about 5 meters above the present ground, with the entrance facing southeast, the width of the cave hall is about 12 meters, and the depth is 6~8 meters. Cultural accumulation is mainly distributed in caves and halls.

In 1986, during the cultural relics survey in Daoxian Cultural Relics Management Office, Yuchanyan cave site was discovered, and animal specimens such as hammered stone tools, artificial mussels, snails and deer horns were collected. Experts from Hunan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology initially judged it as a Neolithic cultural relic. In September, 1988, Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology once again inspected Yuchanyan Cave Site. Therefore, it is determined that Yuchanyan site is the remains of the transitional stage from Paleolithic culture to Neolithic culture.

The first excavation was carried out from October to November, 1993. From October to December, 1995, the second excavation was carried out. The cultural accumulation of the site is 1.2~1.8 meters thick, and the strata are basically well preserved. Production tools are mainly made of stone tools and bone, horn, tooth and clam products, without grinding stone tools; The remains of life are mainly ash piles, with no obvious pits, only ash piles burning on the flat ground.

The remains of rice husk and pottery with signs of artificial cultivation dating back more than 1, years have been unearthed in Yuchanyan twice, which shows its important position in the transition of Neopaleolithic. Rice husk was identified as the most primitive type of ancient cultivated rice, which evolved from common wild rice to cultivated rice, and was named "Yuchanyan ancient cultivated rice". Pottery is crude, loose and low-temperature, and the pieces of pottery are restored into two pot-shaped pottery, which is the earliest pottery with complete shape in China. More than 28 species of animals, 27 species of birds, 5 species of fish, 33 species of snails and mussels, and more than 4 species of plant stones have been unearthed, some of which, such as kiwi fruit and plum fruit, are the oldest specimens found in artificial remains in the world.

Yuchanyan site is a representative cultural relic at the time of the agricultural revolution, which has high historical and scientific value. First, it has important data value for studying the cultural characteristics, economic life and evolution law of the transitional stage from Paleolithic culture to Neolithic culture in South China 1, years ago. Second, it unearthed the earliest cultivated rice specimen in the world, which is of great significance to explore the origin time and place of rice farming and the evolution history of rice. Third, the unearthed pottery pieces are of great value to the discussion of the origin and development of China's pottery making technology. Fourthly, the cultural remains of Yuchanyan not only reflect the economic form and human life in the transitional period, but also provide important scientific data for studying the ecological and climatic environment and exploring the biological evolution history from the end of Pleistocene to the early Holocene. 2. The historical origin of Daoxian County, Hunan Province

Daoxian County is rich in products and outstanding. Historical celebrities such as Zhou Dunyi, a great thinker in the Song Dynasty and the originator of Neo-Confucianism, He Shaoji, a great calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, and He Baozhen, a modern revolutionary, were born in this hot land.

it borders ningyuan county in the east, Jianghua County in the south, quanzhou county in Guangxi in Jiangyong County in the west and Shuangpai County in the north. Dao county, Dao Xi an, also known as dào zhōu, Dao Zhen not u.

located in the south of Hunan province, close to Guangdong and Guangxi, it is known as "two belts in front of it, shielding three Hunan". It is a traffic fortress from Hunan to Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Southwest China, and a base for industrial transfer in the Pearl River Delta.

Since the former Lingling area (the predecessor of Yongzhou City) was listed as the transitional experimental zone of reform and opening up in the State Council in 1988, Daoxian County has become an important frontier of reform and opening up in southern Hunan, which has a good absorption effect on the capital flow and information flow in the developed coastal areas, and has played a pivotal role in promoting the regional cooperation of the Pan-Pearl River Delta. Known as the coastal inland, the frontier of the mainland.

Dao county has a long history. As far back as the Neolithic Age, there were human activities in China.

in the 26th year of Qin Shihuang (221 BC), the county system was established, and it has been the seat of county and state administration for more than 2,2 years, during which it was the seat of county, state and government for more than 1,5 years. Dao county has outstanding people.

Zhou Dunyi, a great thinker in the Song Dynasty and the originator of Neo-Confucianism, He Shaoji, a great calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty, and He Baozhen, a modern revolutionary, were all born in this hot land. Yuan Jie, a famous writer in the Tang Dynasty, and Kou Zhun, a famous figure in the Song Dynasty, were officials here.

Chen Shuxiang, commander of the Red Army, and many other revolutionary martyrs left many heroic deeds in Daoxian. In 28, Dao County was listed as an old revolutionary base.

Dao county has a splendid culture. There are national key cultural relics protection units in the territory, and rice remains and pottery pieces have been unearthed. It was listed as one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China in 1995, more than 12, years ago. It is the earliest artificially cultivated rice specimen and pottery piece in the world, and it is known as "the source of the world's grain, the pottery of the world".

There are Dupangling National Nature Reserve, Xiangyuan Hot Spring Ecological Scenic Area, Moon Rock Scenic Area, which is a must in the world, and rich tourism resources such as "Four Wonders" and "Eight Scenes" which are famous for thousands of years. The center of Daozhou has always been a material distribution center in southern Hunan and northern Guangxi and a battleground for military strategists.

It is 17km away from Chenzhou in the east, connecting with Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway. It is 18 kilometers away from Guilin in the west, and is connected with Xianggui Line and Hengkun Expressway. Go north to Changsha and Wuhan, south to Shenzhen and Zhuhai, and west to Nanning and Haikou, all of which can arrive at dawn. 27 national highway runs through the north and south, and the provincial highways 1863 and 186 run through the east and west. The Xiaoshui River enters Xiangjiang River and crosses Dongting to Shanghai directly.

There is also a 56,-square-meter airport in the northern suburb of the county, which is the operating base for airplane seeding, insect killing, geophysical exploration and aerial survey in more than ten counties and cities in southern Hunan and northern Guangdong. The Luozhan Railway has been opened this year, and the Kunming-Taiwan high-speed railway will also pass through Daoxian. The three expressways under construction, namely, Erguang, Xiarong and Daohe, meet in Daoxian, and Daoxian will become an important transportation hub in the new rise of the South.

Dao county is rich in landscape and cultural tourism resources. Beautiful mountains and rivers, national scenic spots have long been famous at home and abroad. Xiangyuan Hot Spring Resort, Lianxi's hometown, Moon Rock and Lianghekou Water Park, either Shan Qi or Shuixiu, are all good at winning.

make tourists linger. Daoxian Railway Station is rich in specialty products, and citrus has the reputation of "Kumquat is the best in the world"; "Daozhou red melon seeds" sell well in Southeast Asia; "Daozhou Grey Goose" is one of the 17 local famous varieties in Hunan Province and won the title of "High-quality Export Product" by the Ministry of Foreign Trade. "Daozhou Houpu" enjoys a good reputation in the national market.

through years of development, Dao county has become a national commodity grain base county, a Houpu living base county, a straw cattle raising base county, a natural grassland restoration and construction base demonstration county, a national southern Hunan navel orange dominant industrial belt, a key vegetable production base county in Hunan province and a camellia oleifera production base county. Dao county is rich in mineral resources and is the hometown of non-ferrous metals in Hunan Province.

There are more than 2 kinds of minerals with proven mining value, among which the reserves and grades of tin and tungsten are the second in the province, while lithium and rubidium are unique to Hunan Province, and the large metal deposits in Houjiangqiao and Xianglinpu towns of Gongba Town are famous in the national list. According to exploration, there are 1.6 million tons of tin-tungsten ore, 2.2 million tons of lead-zinc ore, 34 million tons of manganese ore, 15 million tons of iron ore, 4, tons of lithium ore, 16, tons of rubidium ore and 2 million tons of kaolin in the county.

the domestic water system is developed, the water energy resources are very rich, and the development potential of small hydropower is great. The total amount of water energy in the county reaches 361,8 kilowatts. In 22, it was listed as a national pilot county for replacing fuel with electricity. Daoxian county is rich in things, outstanding in people and outstanding in spirit.

The people of Daoxian County are based on profound traditional civilization and culture, and are creating a brand-new history with their wisdom and diligence. Physical geography Daoxian is located in Xiaoshui, bordering ningyuan county in the east, Jiangyong County and Jianghua Yao Autonomous County in the south, Quanzhou and Guanyang County in Guangxi in the west and Shuangpai County in the north.

the geographical coordinates are 11 11' ~ 11 56' east longitude and 25 9' ~ 25 5' north latitude, with a length of 77 kilometers from north to south and a width of 62.6 kilometers from east to west. Dao county belongs to Nanling area, surrounded by high mountains, with towering peaks, undulating hills and hills in the middle and staggered Pingchuan.

the whole terrain inclines from all sides to the middle, showing a basin-like structure. Mountains account for 44.7% of the total area, hills account for 11.4%, hills account for 24.6% and plains account for 14.9%.

There are 9 soil types in the geographical map of Daoxian County. Paddy soil accounts for 12.1% of the land area of Daoxian County, red soil accounts for 47.7%, yellow soil accounts for 9.3%, yellow brown soil accounts for 4.9%, black calcareous soil accounts for 7.8% and purple soil accounts for 3.3%. In addition, there are mountain meadow soil, tidal soil and red calcareous soil.

there are jiuyi mountain in the southeast of Dao county, Tongshan mountain in the south, dupangling mountain in the west and Zijinshan mountain in the north. There are more than 15 peaks over 1, meters above sea level, and most of them are connected with neighboring mountains as a whole. The highest peak, Jiucailing, is 29 meters high.

the whole terrain inclines from all sides to the middle, showing a basin-like structure. Mountains account for 44.7% of the total area, hills account for 11%, hills account for 24.6% and plains account for 14.9%.

it is named because it is located in the east of Dao county, with the highest elevation of 699.5 meters. The mountain is like a long handle, and the middle is cut off by Jiuben River. Kucaiyuan Kǔ cài yuán is located in Dajingtou Village, maqiao town, with an altitude of 699.5 meters. This mountain is full of Kucaiyuan, hence its name.

is the highest point of cutting Daling. Jiuyi Mountain Jiǔ yí shān Jiuyi Mountain is named after Shun Di's southern tour.

Records of the Five Emperors in Historical Records: "Shun was buried in Nine Doubts in the South of the Yangtze River." "Shui Jing Zhu San Ba". 3. Where is Shouyan

This is an ancient and magical land, full of ancient splendor and modern atmosphere. There are national key cultural relics protection units here, which are known as "the source of the world and the ancestor of the earth". The ancient Yuchanyan people who once hobbled through planted prehistoric rice, hunted and domesticated wild animals, and fired the most primitive pottery, which ignited the dawn of ancient agricultural writing in China; This is the source of the rural population in southern Hunan after the reform and opening-up. In the early 198s, there were tens of thousands of Shouyan people, dragging their children and women with a cotton-playing machine, and they traveled all over the country, north and south, and even abroad. They "played" their wallets and gained knowledge, and "played" the pillar industrial cluster of private economic development in Daoxian and even southern Hunan. This is shouyan town in Daoxian County. Shouyan town is located in the west of Dao County, Hunan Province. Town * * * resident is 12 kilometers away from the county seat. Meihua Town and Futang Township in the east, qingtang town and Yingjiang Township in the south, Xianzijiao Town in the west and Lefutang Township in the north. The town * * * is stationed in Shouyan Fair. Jurisdiction over Shouyan, Shoufo, Shoufeng, Yangjia, Yongfeng, Taijiadong, Wanjia, Tujia, Hejia, Yangjiapu, Taijia, Zhoujialing, Yijia, Tanfu, Pailouwu, Shexia, Xialiantang, Heshutang, Xiaba, Shuiyuantou, Pingdiwei, Budong, Tielewan, Datang, etc. Shuiwei Cave, Shangwan, Jiangjiawan, Tangjia, Hujia, Wenjia, Dadong, Lijiadong, Liyuba, Gaojian, Wujia, Xialongdong, Hsinchu Cave, Changtian, Xiaoliu, Shanglijia, Daliu, Jielongtou, Shewei, Zhuzifu, Bingtian and Longfu, etc.

Shouyan established Shouyan Township in 1949 after its resident. 1958 was the Shuguang People's Commune. In 1961, the system was adjusted to Shouyan Commune. The town was changed in 1984. In 1995, shouyan town was merged with the original Niulukou Township and Tangjia Township.

the total area of the town is 185.3 square kilometers, with 4,466 hectares of cultivated land and 7,846.5 hectares of woodland, with 18,282 households and 72,993 people. The territory is suitable for water to cross it, with flat terrain, rolling hills and fertile soil. Rich in rice, sugar cane, wheat, sweet potato, corn, flue-cured tobacco, soybeans, tea and so on. The town economy is dominated by agriculture, and the income of township enterprises is an important part of the town economy. The annual gross industrial and agricultural output value of the town is 464.25 million yuan, and the annual fiscal revenue is 1.979 million yuan.

There are Shouyan Sugar Factory in Daoxian County, Guyuan Grain and Oil Company in Daoxian County, Guyuan Cement Plant in Daoxian County, huaxin cement Group, Dongsheng Smelter, Daoxian No.3 Middle School and Yongzhou Industry and Trade College, with 3 middle schools, 95 primary schools and 16 medical institutions. Shouyan Fair is the largest fair in Daoxian County. Provincial Highway S323, Luozhan Railway under construction, Xiamen-Chengdu Expressway to be built pass through the territory, and simple highways extend in all directions. It has a mild climate, rich specialties, unique location and a long history, and is a bridge and link between Daoxian and Guangdong. In recent years, shouyan town Party Committee and * * * led the people of the whole town to unite, keep pace with the times, blaze new trails, take the construction of new countryside as the general starting point, closely focus on the strategic thinking of "scientifically planning and developing, carefully building famous towns in southern Hunan", increase investment in infrastructure, speed up the adjustment of industrial structure, expand the labor economy and grasp private enterprises, and shouyan town's economic and social development has leapt to a new level. In 28, the gross national product of the town was 2.76 billion yuan, the total industrial and agricultural output value was 1.18 billion yuan, the per capita net income of the town was 3,797 yuan, and the balance of residents' savings deposits reached 1.53 billion yuan at the end of the year. The town has successively won the reputation of small town construction demonstration town in provinces and cities and strong economic town in Yongzhou. 4. Yuzhou Shang and Zhou Tomb Site

In 1995, Jiangxi Wannian Dayuan Xianren Cave and Bucket Ring Site shouyan town Yuchanyan Site in Daoxian County, Hunan Province Henan Zhengzhou Xishan Yangshao Cultural City Site Zhengzhou Shifo Township Xiaoshuangqiao Shang Dynasty Site Shandong Changqing County xianrentai National Noble Cemetery Guangdong Guangzhou Nanyue National Government Imperial Palace Site Jiangsu Xuzhou Lion Mountain Western Han Dynasty Chu Wang Mausoleum Xinjiang Minfeng County Niya Site Heilongjiang Province Ning 'an Bohai Town Bohai State Site Hangzhou Zhongshan South. Lu Zhao's ancestral temple site 1997 Paleolithic site group in Luonan basin, Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province Xihe Neolithic site in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province Neolithic site in Dingsi Mountain, Yongning, Guangxi Province, Chengtoushan ancient site in Lixian County, Hunan Province, Dongwan Zaibei site in Hong Kong, Yanshi shopping mall town in Henan Province, Xinzheng Zheng Han ancient city, Zheng Guo sacrificial site in Suizhong, Liaoning Province, and the imperial court site in Guangzhou, Nanyue State Administration, Guangdong Province, and the Hanjin cemetery in Yuliyingpan, Xinjiang in 1998. Located in Jiagou Paleolithic Site with Mountain Lingjiatan Neolithic Altar and Cemetery Jintan Sanxing Village Neolithic Site Zhongxian Zhongba Site Beipiao Kangjiatun Xiajiadian Lower Cultural Stone Town Site Shaoxing Yinshan Yue King's Mausoleum Three Gorges Reservoir Area Yunyang Lijiaba Site Xiaolangdi Reservoir Eastern Han Dynasty Water Transportation Building Base Site Nanjing Xianheguan, Xiangshan Eastern Jin Dynasty Noble Cemetery Cixi Shanglinhu Temple Longkou Yueyao Kiln Site 1999 Jiangsu Jiangyin Gaochengdun Neolithic Site Jilin Tonghua Wanfa Bozi Site Yunnan Yangfutou Cemetery Anhui Huaibei Sui and Tang Dynasties Grand Canal Archaeology Liaoning Huanren Wunv Mountain Shancheng Mountain Taiyuan Jinyuan District Sui Dynasty Yuhong Tomb Hebei Yuanzhongdu No.4