College entrance examination geography high score answer template

The study of geography in college entrance examination is not only about memorizing knowledge, but also knowing the answering routines. I'll tidy it up for you next. Let's have a look.

: Countermeasures and measures

Question form: Common questions include measures, governance methods, suggestions, development direction, etc.

When answering the measure test questions, we should grasp two points:

1. Even if the reasons in the question are not examined, when answering such questions, we should first find out the natural and human causes of the problem, and then put forward reasonable treatment measures for the reasons or deficiencies.

2. To solve the problem, we should pay attention to two points: first, natural conditions are generally not easy to change, and we mainly seek measures from changing unreasonable human activities; Two, prevention and control measures are multifaceted and comprehensive, generally including engineering measures, technical measures, biological measures, management measures, etc. And the main points should be comprehensive, targeted and reasonable.

Determination of the development direction of regional economy

Give full play to regional natural conditions and resource advantages-determine regional economic structure, industrial structure and agricultural structure according to local conditions.

* Preventing the destruction of the regional ecological environment-the main measures for the sustainable development of regional economy and preventing ecological problems.

Principles and measures of river management:

Principle of upstream regulation: flood regulation in the middle reaches; Downstream flood diversion and storage; Flood discharge and water control. ※

Upstream of control measures: reservoir restoration, middle of greening: reservoir restoration, flood diversion and storage project. ※

Downstream: reinforce dikes, dredge rivers and dig rivers.

Cause analysis and solution of water shortage in a certain area;

"Natural causes" include less or insufficient precipitation, large evaporation, uneven seasonal distribution and less surface runoff.

"Man-made reasons" result in dense population, large water consumption for industrial and agricultural development, low utilization rate and serious pollution and waste.

Solution ※

1. Open source: transfer water across river basins, build reservoirs, desalinate seawater in coastal areas, and improve water supply capacity.

2. throttling: reduce water pollution, reduce waste, improve the utilization rate of industrial and agricultural water resources, and limit the development of high-energy water-consuming industries.

Water-saving agriculture such as sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, formulate laws and regulations, raise people's awareness of water saving, and implement water price adjustment.

: gene analysis class

Comprehensive analysis of the causes of geographical disasters: comprehensively analyze the selected sites from the perspective of "heaven, earth and people" ?

Natural topography, geology, climate, hydrology, etc. ; Man-made damage to the natural environment;

Socio-economic reasons, economic development level and population distribution

Explain the causes and measures of frequent floods in Huaihe River in summer?

① Climatic factors —— Summer precipitation in Huaihe River Basin is concentrated and there are many rainstorms.

(2) Geomorphological factor-fan-shaped water system, which can collect water quickly; The downstream terrain is low and flat. ?

(3) Man-made and social factors-vegetation destruction causes soil erosion and shallow riverbed; Reclaiming land around lakes and beaches reduces the water storage capacity of rivers and lakes.

Factors affecting solar radiation:

1. Latitude determines the height of the sun at noon and the length of the day.

2. High altitude, thin air and strong solar radiation.

3. The weather is clear and there is plenty of solar radiation.

4. Air density

Factors affecting temperature:

1. Latitude determinants: affecting solar height, day length, solar radiation and daily temperature difference. The daily temperature and annual range at the middle and low latitudes in annual range are smaller than those at the high latitudes.

2. Topographic height and topography: Shady slopes and sunny slopes, mountainous areas, plains, valleys and basins with different altitudes, such as valley basins, are not easy to lose topographic heat, and tall topography blocks the winter wind. The daily range in mountainous areas at the same latitude is worse than that in plain, and smaller in annual range.

3. Location of land and sea: the annual variation range of temperature caused by ocean intensity.

4. Ocean current: warm current: warming and humidifying; Cold current: cooling and dehumidification

5. Weather conditions: The temperature changes daily in cloudy and rainy places, and the annual temperature changes less than that in cloudy and rainy places.

6. Underlying surface: high ground reflectivity and low temperature; The daily temperature and annual range of green land are less than that of bare land.

7. Human activities: heat island effect, greenhouse effect, etc

Cause analysis of temperature or climate characteristics;

* The solar radiation varies greatly at different latitudes;

* The influence of topography, ocean and ocean current on the properties of different underlying surfaces in the same latitude area;

Man-made vegetation destruction and urban heat island

Topographic genesis analysis;

Internal force-crustal movement, plate movement, magmatic activity, metamorphism,

External forces-erosion, transportation and sedimentation of running water, wind, waves and glaciers.

Factors affecting precipitation:

1. Climate: atmospheric circulation pressure zone, wind zone and monsoon 2. Terrain: windward slope and leeward slope.

3. Terrain and elevation: Precipitation reaches its maximum at a certain height.

4. Land and sea location: distance from the sea 5. Ocean current: warm current: warming and humidifying; Cold current: cooling and dehumidification

6. Underlying surface: coverage of lakes, rivers and vegetation. Human activities: changing the underlying surface affects precipitation.

Cause analysis of precipitation characteristics;

* A wide range of different latitudes-atmospheric circulation wind belt and pressure belt;

* In the same latitude area-topography, ocean current, man-made vegetation destruction and wetland destruction, the underlying surface has different properties.

Genetic analysis of swamp;

There are precipitation or rivers in the sky: there are many precipitation and rivers, rivers are flooded with ice, and rivers are flooded.

Cold climate: high latitude, low temperature and weak evaporation;

Terrain: low and flat terrain, high groundwater level and poor drainage;

Frozen soil layer: the frozen soil layer is widely developed, which is not conducive to surface water infiltration;

Location conditions of salt field formation:

1. Climate: high temperature, less precipitation or leeward slope, strong wind and strong sunshine: favorable for evaporation.

2. Terrain: The beach is flat, the coast is muddy and the area is vast.

Location conditions for the formation of fishing grounds:

1. Terrain: a vast continental shelf with direct sunlight, strong photosynthesis and rich bait.

2. Temperate sea area: the temperature changes greatly, and seawater overflows in winter.

3. Estuary: Rivers bring rich nutrients.

4. Ocean current: Confluence current or upwelling seawater overflows, bringing nutrients and rich bait to the seabed.

Cause analysis of abundant river water resources;

1. The water surface fluctuates greatly or is located at the junction of steps, and the river drop is large;

There is abundant precipitation or wide catchment area in the basin, and the river water volume is large.

Based on the principle of "come more and walk less", the causes of floods, wetlands and swamps are analyzed.

The general law of swamp genesis:

● More water and more precipitation; There are many rivers; ice stream

● Less water removal and poor drainage; Weak evaporation; Permafrost,

Flood control measures:

● Reduce the upstream inflow and repair the reservoir; Plant trees.

● Increase the amount of water to dredge the river; Cut the bay straight; Building flood diversion areas; Dig a new estuary.

According to the principle of "small supply and large demand", the problems of water shortage, energy shortage and food shortage are analyzed.

Causes of water shortage in North China Plain;

● Less precipitation recharge for teenagers and less river runoff; The precipitation changes greatly; Water pollution is serious.

● The demand is large, the population is large, the industry and agriculture are developed, and the demand for water resources is large; The utilization rate of water resources is low.

Measures to solve the shortage of water resources in North China Plain;

● Increase supply, transfer water across river basins and increase supply outside the region; Rational exploitation of groundwater; Building water conservancy projects; Desalination of seawater has increased the supply in this area.

● Reduce demand, adjust industrial structure and develop water-saving industry; Improve the utilization rate of water resources.

Analyze water pollution and air pollution with the principle of "you are big and I am small".

Causes of serious water pollution in Bohai Sea;

● The source of pollutants is large. Bohai Rim has a large population, many cities and developed industry and agriculture. The waste water and other wastes discharged into Bohai Sea come from outside this area. Sources of oil and other pollutants in the leakage area caused by offshore oil production and maritime transportation.

● The purification capacity is less than that of the closed sea area, and the exchange between seawater and the ocean is less; Small area, shallow seawater, small water volume and weak purification ability.

: Dialectical evaluation class

There are generally two kinds of evaluation questions:

1. First, dialectically expound the advantages and disadvantages and comprehensively demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages; Second, we should analyze the pros and cons from multiple angles. The problem of impact category can be analyzed from the impact on society, economy and ecological environment; The evaluation of location or development conditions can be analyzed from two aspects: natural conditions and socio-economic conditions.

2. Give restrictive conditions, such as "compare with ××, evaluate its advantages" or "evaluate from ××".