Which of Lao Tzu’s works are problematic?

Question 1: Zhuangzi and Laozi are both called Laozi and Zhuangzi. What is the representative work, what is it called, and what was it written by? Laozi’s representative work is called "Laozi", and Zhuangzi’s representative work is called "Zhuangzi". "Laozi" is also called "Tao Te Ching" or "Five Thousand Words"; "Zhuangzi" is also called "Nanhua Sutra".

Laozi's "Tao Te Ching" is written by wisdom. This kind of wisdom is profound and mysterious at the same time approachable, because this kind of wisdom is everything and everything is wisdom. Too much is too big, so it is mysterious and too broad. Too detailed so approachable. The Tao Te Ching is not just about morality, but the greatest morality in the Tao Te Ching is to use nature while respecting it, so that it is natural, doing nothing and doing everything.

Zhuangzi's "Zhuangzi" is written by a human heart. It puts the profound and profound wisdom of Taoism into a human heart. "Laozi" is directly in close contact with wisdom. "Zhuangzi" is here This kind of contact adds a human perspective, paying attention to wisdom as well as the role of the human heart. Xiaoyao is the product of the combination of Taoist wisdom and human heart. This shows that the eyes of Taoist wisdom shift from focusing on the world and all things to focusing on one's own inner self, adding human touch to the mysterious wisdom, because if there is freedom in it, there will be happiness. The soul can feel the existence of wisdom when it is touched, and then combine with wisdom. . Action in inaction.

There is no perspective of the human heart in "Laozi", but it is completely, completely, and directly integrated with wisdom, but it contains the human heart, but this human heart is one of the wisdom and is not outside the wisdom. There is no diversified structure of joy, anger, sorrow and joy in "Zhuangzi". Wisdom already contains joy, anger, sorrow and joy, and it happens naturally.

Question 2: What sect does Lao Tzu belong to and what works are there about him? Lao Tzu, surnamed Li, given name Er, given name Lao Dan, is the founder of Taoism and the author of "Tao Te Ching" and "Tao Te Ching" It is also divided into the Dao Jing and the De Jing. It is a good work. People often say that Tao gives birth to one, one gives birth to two, two gives birth to three, and three gives birth to all things. This is where it comes from.

Question 3: Regarding the version of "Laozi", the 5 points are only classified after Laozi wrote the "Tao Te Ching". You are asking about the version of Laozi

Then you can only The version you are talking about is only when it is written about Laozi, such as "The Biography of Laozi", "Laozi", etc., it is considered a version.

The "Interpretation of the Dao De Zhen Jing" and "Explanation of the Dao De Zhen Jing" you mentioned can only be regarded as a collection of different names for Lao Tzu's works. It's not a version.

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Question 4: 50 words of information about Lao Tzu is urgent. Lao Tzu, surnamed Li, Ming Er, given name Dan, may be called Boyang. The Huaxia ethnic group was a native of Qurenli, Li Township, Ku County, Chu State. [1] They lived approximately between 571 and 471 BC. He was a great philosopher and thinker in ancient my country and the founder of the Taoist school. He was regarded as the ancestor of the surname Li by the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Laozi is a world cultural celebrity and one of the 100 historical celebrities in the world. The Tao Te Ching (also known as "Laozi") exists in the world. The essence of his works is simple dialectics and advocates doing nothing. His teachings have profound influence on the development of Chinese philosophy. Influence. In Taoism, Lao Tzu is revered as the founder of Taoism. Laozi and Zhuangzi in later generations are collectively called Laozi and Zhuangzi

Question 5: If Laozi’s works are careful from the beginning to the end, nothing will fail. The second line should be used to explain why a thousand-mile embankment collapses in a nest of ants. If you are careful to the end if you are careful from the beginning, nothing will happen

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Question 6: What kind of person was Laozi in ancient times? It refers to Laozi, the great philosopher and thinker in ancient my country and the founder of the Taoist school. He was named Taishang Laojun by Empress Wu of the Tang Dynasty. He is a world cultural celebrity and one of the top 100 in the world. One of the famous historical figures, one of the surviving "Tao Te Ching" (also known as "Laozi"), the essence of his work is the simple dialectics, advocating the rule of inaction, and his theory has a profound influence on the development of Chinese philosophy. In Taoism, Laozi is revered as the ancestor of Taoism.

Chinese name: Li Er

Alias: Lao Dan

Nationality: Chinese (Spring and Autumn Period? Chu)

Ethnicity: Huaxia< /p>

Place of birth: Ku County (now Luyi, Henan, some say Woyang, Anhui)

Date of birth: approximately 571 BC

Date of death: 471 BC

Main achievements: Founder of the Taoist school

Dialectical thought

Representative works: "Tao Te Ching"

Contents

< p> Character introduction

Laozi’s works

Laozi’s legend about Laozi’s birth

Zhong Kui and Laozi

Laozi’s philosophy

Anecdotes about Lao Tzu: Lao Tzu was born

A smart boy

Entering the Zhou Dynasty to study

Confucius asked about etiquette

Discussing life and death

Written by Han Gu

Enlightenment of Yangziju

On the Sutra of Health Preservation

Teaching Confucius Again

Laozi came out of seclusion

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The death of the saint

Descendants of Laozi

Laozi culture

Taoism Laozi

Tieba photo album character profile

< p> Lao Tzu's works

Lao Tzu's legend about Lao Tzu's birth

Zhong Kui and Lao Tzu

Lao Tzu's philosophy

Lao Tzu's anecdotes about Lao Tzu's birth

Clever young man

Studying in Zhou Dynasty

Confucius asked about etiquette

Discussing life and death

Written by Han Gu

Dian Hua Yang Zi Ju

On the Sutra of Health Preservation

Teaching Confucius Again

Laozi came out of seclusion

The death of the saint

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Descendants of Lao Tzu

Lao Tzu Culture

Taoism Lao Tzu

Post Bar Album Expand Edit This Character Profile

Li Er[ 1] (approximately 571 BC to 471 BC), whose courtesy name was Boyang, also known as Lao Dan (dān), was born in Qurenli, Li Township, Ku County, Chu State (there are disputes between Woyang, Anhui and Luyi, Henan). The greatest philosopher and thinker in ancient my country, the standard portrait of Laozi

One of the homesickers, he is revered as the ancestor of Taoism and a world cultural celebrity. Later generations called him "Laozi" (in ancient times, the pronunciation of the word "Lao" was the same as the word "Li"). "Historical Records? The Third Biography of Laozi and Han Fei": "Laozi was a native of Qurenli, Lixiang, Chuku County. His surname was Li, his given name was Er, his courtesy name was Boyang, and his posthumous title was Dan. The history of Zhou Shou's Tibetan Room." Note: ① "Laozi Inscription" written by Bianshao of the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Laozi, whose surname is Li and whose courtesy name is Boyang, is from Xiangxian County of Chu. ... Xiangxian County is desolate and is now suffering, but the old city is still there. It is in the east of Laixiang, where the vortex river is. "Yang." Volume 23 of "Shui Jing Zhu" contains: "Whisui also bends to the east, south of the old city of Jinxiang County." ② In the first year of Yongxing, Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty ordered Wang Fu of Changsha to erect a monument saying: "I was born in Quwo. "Cao Pi's "Linwo Fu" mentioned Quwo: "The tall trees are near the Quwo, and the breeze blows and the water increases the waves." ③ Jin Gehong's "The Legend of Immortals" records that "(Laozi) his mother felt a big meteor. "There is a pregnancy." "Da Ming Yitong Zhi" records: "Meteor Garden is located in the south of Tianjing Palace in Bozhou. The stele says: There is a star flowing in the garden, and Laozi was born. This is where the Yuanyou Holy Mother Hall remains. Laozi lived in the Spring and Autumn Period." During the Zhou Dynasty, he served as a treasurer in Luoyi, the capital of Zhou Dynasty. He was erudite and talented. When Confucius traveled around the country, he asked Laozi for courtesy. In his later years, Laozi rode a green ox to the west and wrote the five thousand words "Tao Te Ching" (also known as the Tao Te Ching) at Hangu Pass. It is called "Tao De Zhen" or "Laozi" or "Laozi's Five Thousand Wen"). It is said that Laozi enlightened Yin Xi, the general of Hangu Pass, at this pass. Nanshan Tianyu River) and the ups and downs of the mountains, I stopped here and tied grass to practice Buddhism. It has been passed down to this day and is known as the Louguantai. It is one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units and a national AAAA-level tourist attraction. There are more than 300 ink-marked steles. It is known as the birthplace of Taoism. After his death, Laozi was buried in Xilou Temple, and some dialectics believe that the Tao Te Ching contains rich dialectical ideas. Together with ancient Greek philosophy, they constitute the two sources of human philosophy. Laozi is also revered as the "Father of Chinese Philosophy" because of his profound philosophical thoughts. Laozi's thoughts were inherited by Zhuangzi and were closely related to Confucianism and later Buddhist thought. Together they form the core of traditional Chinese thought and culture. After the emergence of Taoism, Laozi was revered as "Tai Shang Lao Jun", and Taoism said he was the eighteenth incarnation of Tai Shang Lao Jun; starting from "The Legend of Immortals", Lao Tzu was Respected as an immortal, there are more than a thousand foreign versions of the Tao Te Ching, which is the most translated Chinese book. Laozi's ideological proposition is inaction, and the ideal political realm is "neighbors look at each other, and the sound of chickens and dogs can be heard." , the people will not interact with each other until they grow old and die." "Laozi" uses "Tao"... >>

Question 7: From what specific aspects can Laozi's "Tao Te Ching" be understood? The Tao Te Ching is a philosophical work written by Laozi (Li Er) during the Spring and Autumn Period, and is an important source of Taoist philosophical thought.

The Tao Te Ching is divided into two parts. The original text is the first part "De Jing" and the second part "Tao Jing". They are not divided into chapters. Later they were changed to "Tao Jing". Chapter 37 comes first, and after chapter 38 it is "De Jing" and divided into chapters. For 81 chapters. "Tao Te Ching" can be understood from the following aspects:

1. From the theme and idea:

The theme of "Tao Te Ching": Tao follows nature. "Tao follows nature" is the essence of Laozi's thought in the Tao Te Ching. "Tao", as the most abstract conceptual category in the Tao Te Ching, is the driving force behind the creation of all things in the world. "De" is the development and expression of "Tao" in the field of ethics. "Tao" and "law" have similarities at the level of rules and common sense, but they are different from Western natural law. "Dharma" should imitate the way of nature and play its role in the reverse transformation of dialectics. Philosophically, "Tao" is the mother of the beginning of all things in the world, the opposition and unity of yin and yang is the essence of all things, and the extremes of things must reverse themselves is the law of the evolution of all things. Ethically, the Tao of Laozi advocates the virtues of following nature such as simplicity, selflessness, tranquility, humility, gentleness, weakness, and indifference. Politically, Laozi advocates governing by doing nothing internally, not causing trouble and disturbing the people, living peacefully externally, and opposing war and violence. These three levels constitute the theme of the "Tao De Jing", and also make the book "Tao De Jing" structurally progress through the logical layers of "physics to philosophy to ethics to politics", from the way of nature to the way of ethics. Morality ultimately lies in the conception of ideal politics and the way to govern. That is to find the bright and right path to the ideal social order from the natural order.

2. Grasp the literary characteristics:

The language of "Tao Te Ching" is very artistic and uses a variety of rhetorical methods to make the words and sentences accurate, vivid, vivid and rational. and infectiousness. Extensive use of parallels, metaphors, parallelism, questions, rhetorical questions and conjunctions. The use of these rhetorical techniques enhances the image of the language and deepens the reader's impression; it makes the article tightly structured and can better reflect the organic connection of things; the language is exciting and exciting, and has the effect of attracting attention and thinking.

3. Understand from the creative background:

Laozi was born in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The environment at that time was that the Zhou Dynasty was weak, and wars continued among the princes to compete for dominance. The severe turmoil and changes made Laozi witness the suffering of the people. As the guardian of Tibet in the Zhou Dynasty, he put forward a series of ideas for governing the country and bringing peace to the people.

Yin Xi, the gatekeeper of Hangu Pass, also played a huge role in the writing of the Tao Te Ching. When he was young, he was fond of astronomy, loved reading ancient books, and was deeply cultivated. Yin Xi moved Laozi, who then used his own life experience and the rise and fall of dynasties, the safety and misfortunes of the people as a guide to trace its origins and wrote two chapters, one and two, totaling 5,000 words, which is the Tao Te Ching.

4. Grasp from the content:

The text takes "morality" in the philosophical sense as its outline, discusses self-cultivation, governing the country, military use, and health preservation, and mostly focuses on politics. Gui is the so-called "inner sage and outer king" study, with profound meaning and broad coverage.

Question 8: In what period was Laozi called the Tao Te Ching? The first annotated work was Heshang Gong in the Western Han Dynasty. His work is called Laozi Tao Te Ching Chapters

Question 9: What are the opinions of Confucius and Laozi? The central concept of Laozi's philosophy is Tao, and his entire philosophical system is developed from the Tao he presupposed. The metaphysical Tao is something that our human senses and perceptions cannot directly contact. If this metaphysical Tao is not relevant to life, then it is just an empty concept. However, although Laozi's philosophy has a strong metaphysical color, he is still most concerned about issues of life and politics. Therefore, Tao must be implemented downward into the world of experience. Laozi believes that all concepts such as nature, inaction, and weakness are the basic characteristics and spirit expressed by Tao. Among them, the concept of inaction has become the central idea of ??the book "Laozi", and other important concepts are developed around this concept.

Lao Tzu lived in an era when the world was in chaos, with feuding princes fighting each other. The rulers acted arrogantly, were greedy and indulgent, and violated the laws of nature and society. It has become very serious. He said: The people's hunger is due to the high food tax; the people's problem is difficult to treat because of the efforts made above. Chapter 75 of "Comments and Comments on Laozi". The following quotations from the original text are all from this book, so only the chapter is indicated. The reason why the common people are hungry and cold is because the rulers impose too many excessive taxes and miscellaneous taxes. The reason for the constant disasters of Lao Mian is because The ruler acted arbitrarily and violated the rules. Lao Tzu criticized the rulers at that time who lived an increasingly luxurious life regardless of the life and death of the people. He said: The court is very clean, the fields are very clear, and the warehouse is very empty. Having more than enough is called stealing and boasting. (Chapter Fifty-Three) These few sentences describe the injustice of the world, which is full of rich wine and meat, and people who are frozen to death on the road. The ruler invades the public and enriches his private life, leads a luxurious life, wears expensive clothes, and carries a sharp sword. I'm tired of eating swords and delicacies from the mountains and seas, and there are mountains of money and goods, but the farmers have desolate fields, empty warehouses, and no food for the night. When I see this situation, how can I not sigh? No wonder he is angry. One sentence: This is simply a bandit leader ①

I saw that the rulers at that time were originally virtuous and incompetent, but they preferred great success and acted rashly. As a result, the people were exhausted, wasted their money, and caused disasters for the people. .

In this situation, Laozi strongly appealed to the rulers to do nothing in their political affairs, to practice rule by inaction, and not to interfere too much in the lives of the people. The original saying of "governing by doing nothing" comes from Confucius' "governing by doing nothing", which is similar to Shun? ("The Analects of Confucius, Wei Linggong Fifteen") But in Laozi's philosophy, the idea of ??"governing by doing nothing" has become a system. Lao Tzu said: I do nothing and the people become themselves. I like to be quiet and the people are upright. I do nothing and the people become rich. I have no desires and the people are simple. Good Jing is proposed in response to the harassment of the ruler; "nothing" is proposed in response to the ruler's harsh administration; "no desire" is proposed in response to the greed of the ruler. Lao Tzu believes that a politician should be able to govern without doing anything, manage without interfering, and have a monarch without oppression. A monarch should learn the true nature of water, be meritorious but not self-respecting, live a diligent and frugal life, take care of everything in the day without being greedy for enjoyment, and be able to govern the country. A policy that conforms to social laws and the trend of the times, benefits the country, and benefits the people: Once it is formulated and promulgated, it will not be easily changed, and all people will be able to change themselves under the promulgated policy.

Laozi’s inaction does not mean doing nothing or not doing anything, but it means not acting recklessly, not acting randomly, complying with the objective situation, and respecting the laws of nature. Some people think that inaction means doing nothing, waiting passively, and just obeying the fate. This really misunderstands Lao Tzu's original intention. Lao Tzu once said: Do nothing and do nothing (Chapter 48). This means: If you don’t do anything rashly, nothing will be impossible.

Here, Wuwei is an attitude and method of dealing with the world,&q......>>