Foreign handwritten newspaper

Venice is a world-famous water city with criss-crossing rivers, and ships become the main means of transportation, equivalent to cars on the street.

The boats in Venice are twenty or thirty feet long, narrow and deep, a bit like canoes. The bow and stern are tilted upward, like a crescent moon hanging on the horizon, with light and flexible movements, like a water snake in a ditch.

We sat in the cabin with leather cushions as soft as sofas. Boats pass through ancient buildings of different shapes to meet passing ships, which is fun.

The boatman's driving skills are particularly good. The sailing speed is extremely fast, and there are many ships coming and going. He can handle it with ease and is in no hurry. No matter how crowded it is, he can always turn left and right to squeeze through. When he meets a very narrow place, he can always pass smoothly and make a sharp turn at an extremely fast speed. The buildings on both sides fly backwards, and our eyes are too busy to know which one to look at.

Businessmen put on big bags of goods, got off the boat in a hurry and did business along the river. The young woman was laughing loudly on the boat. Many children, accompanied by nannies, went to the suburbs by boat to breathe fresh air. The solemn old man took his whole family and Bible with him and went to pray in a boat.

At midnight, the theater was over. A large group of people poured out and boarded their own boats. The gathered boats quickly dispersed and disappeared in the winding river. I saw the shadow of the moon shaking in the water. Tall stone buildings stand by the river, ancient bridges cross the water, and large and small ships are moored on the dock. The economy hangs over this floating city, and the ancient Venice sleeps again.

Mark Twain's Ship in Venice

Prague, Czech capital

A beautiful and ancient mountain city. The city is surrounded by mountains and rivers, with many historical sites, and more than 2,000 historical relics are protected by the state. It is no exaggeration to say that almost every street and alley in the old city can find various buildings since13rd century, such as the famous St. Vitter Church built in 1344, the Charles Stone Bridge in vltava river built in 1357, and Charles University, the oldest institution of higher learning in Central Europe, built in 1348. Some remote and quiet streets and lanes in the old city still maintain the medieval appearance. Streets are paved with stones, street lamps are ancient gas lamps, and many houses have religious murals. With the development of urban traffic, many streets in the old city have become too narrow, and only cars and trams are allowed to pass. The old town square in the center of the old town has existed for more than 900 years and is a place for mass gatherings. The old town hall in the square, built in 1338, is a Gothic building. To the south of the square is the famous Caroli Nome Palace, which is the oldest building in Charles University. There is a famous Bethlehem church near Nome Palace in Karoli. The gunpowder gatehouse is the only one in the old city 13 gate. There is a bell tower in the square, which was built in 14 10. Although the outer wall of the bell tower has partially peeled off due to its age, it is famous for its exquisite and unique bells. Visitors to Prague always go to the Old Town Square to watch this ancient clock tower, and Prague citizens who pass by the clock tower often stop to look at their watches. Every hour, the window on the clock will automatically open, the bell will ring, and the icon of 12 will appear in the window like a lantern, bowing to people. This complex and wonderful clock was built by a locksmith with tools such as hammer, pliers and file in the middle of15th century, and it has always been accurate and has become a treasure for people to watch.

Vienna, Austria

Vienna is known as the "Danube Goddess". Beautiful environment and charming scenery. It is mild in winter and cool in summer. Vienna Forest Mountain, a branch of the Eastern Alps, stretches in the western suburbs with lush trees. To the west of the mountain is a gorgeous residential area, surrounded by gardens and vineyards. The Danube River passes through the city, and the water is picturesque. Climbing to the foothills of the Alps in the west of the city, you can have a panoramic view of the undulating "Vienna Forest"; The east of the city faces the Danube Basin and overlooks the shining green peaks of Carpathian Mountain. The vast grassland in the north is like a huge green brocade, and the blue Danube winds through it. The house is built on the mountain, with thick buildings and distinct layers. From a distance, various styles of church buildings cast an ancient and solemn color on this city with green mountains and clear waters. The streets in the city are radial rings with a width of 50 meters, the inner city is in the ring road, and the trees on both sides of the boulevard cover the sky. The cobblestone streets in the inner city crisscross, and there are few high-rise buildings, mostly baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings. The spires of St. Stefan's Cathedral and the Twin Towers in the Middle Ages are towering into the sky, and its south tower is 138 meters high, overlooking the whole city. Chamberlain Palace is the summer palace of Habsburg dynasty, with Greek architecture, statues and fountains. There are many big parks on the island between the Danube and the Danube Canal. The National Opera House, built in 1869, is called the world opera center. 1857, a 57-meter-wide and 4-kilometer-long circular avenue, is surrounded by museums, city halls, parliaments, universities, national opera houses and other important buildings. It is one of the most beautiful urban passages in Europe. There is an intermediate layer between the circular road and another parallel circular road, with a commercial area, a residential area, a palace and a church in the middle. Outside the second ring road is the outer layer, and there are elegant parks, beautiful villas and other palace buildings in the west of the city. Among these numerous palaces, Schon Blom Palace, located in the southwest of the city, stands out as a relic of the prosperous period in Austrian history. Located in the southeast of the city, this "beautiful palace" was built by Emperor prinz eugen in the early 8th century A.D./KLOC-0 to resist the Turkish invasion. Tourism is developed. Northeast suburb and southern suburb are industrial areas, with metallurgy, machinery, automobile, railway vehicles, chemical industry and other departments, and the output of clothing and printing accounts for more than half of the country.

The name of Vienna is always associated with music. Many great musicians, such as Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, John F Strauss, Gliuk, Brahms, etc., have spent many years in music here. Haydn's emperor quartet, Mozart's Figaro's wedding, Beethoven's destiny symphony, pastoral symphony, moonlight sonata, hero symphony, Schubert's swan song, winter trip, John? Famous music such as Strauss's "Blue Danube" and "The Story of Vienna Forest" were born here. Their statues stand in many parks and squares, and many streets, auditoriums and conference halls are named after these musicians. The former residence and cemetery of musicians are visited and mourned by people all the year round. Today, Vienna has the most luxurious national opera house, famous concert hall and first-class symphony orchestra in the world. Every June 65438+1 October1holds a new year concert in the golden hall of Vienna Music Friends Association.

Venice

Venice (English: Venice, Italian: venezia), known as the "Pearl of the Adriatic Sea", is surrounded by the sea and located in Veneto province on the Adriatic Sea in northeast Italy. From the map, Venice is like a crystal embedded in the waist of a wonderful boot, shining in the waves of the Adriatic Sea.

There is a four-kilometer-long causeway in the northwest corner, which is connected with the mainland. It is not only an important port in Italy, but also an ancient city of culture and art. Venice and its lagoon are composed of 1 18 islands. Known as the "Water Capital", "Water City", "Bridge City" or "City of Hundred Islands", it is the capital of Venice Province of Italy (another information: the capital of Veneto Region) and the main port in northern Italy. This unique water city in the world has beautiful scenery and unique scenery, and places of interest abound in the city. This is an ancient historical city with picturesque scenery. Venice has 1 17 rivers (another data: 177 canals) connected by 40 1 bridge. Venice Waterway is the road to the city. There are no cars, bicycles and traffic lights in the city. Ships are the only means of transportation in this city.

Venice is a beautiful city, built in the most impossible place. This city with an area of less than 7 square kilometers once held the most powerful manpower, material resources and power in Europe. The history of Venice began in 453 AD. At that time, farmers and fishermen in this area turned to this Adriatic island in order to avoid the cool nomadic people who loved swords. Rich alluvial soil, local stones, and wooden boats from neighboring inland areas; In the mud, on the water, ancestors built Venice. Venice began to develop in the 10 century. /kloc-Around the 0/4th century, it has developed into the busiest port city in Italy, known as the most famous water city in the whole Mediterranean, integrating commerce, trade and tourism. Venice was in its heyday from 14 to 15, and became the most powerful and richest maritime "peaceful country" and one of the Mediterranean trade centers in Italy. Since16th century, with the discovery of Columbus and America, Venice gradually declined, and 1797 was annexed by Austria-Hungary. 1849 the war of independence against Austria. It was not until 1866 that it became a part of the Italian kingdom.

French customs

Pay attention to the gorgeous clothes and the update of styles. Women regard makeup and beauty as necessities of life. Strong sense of time, strong work planning, and the principle of "ladies first". It is customary to shake hands, and people with certain social status kiss hands. Girls often curtsy.

Spanish customs

Basic situation of Spain

Spain is a country that combines romance and passion. Its history, art and temperament constantly attract curious people. Bullfighting, dancing, guitar.

(1) Geographical environment:

Spain is located in the throat of the Iberian Peninsula Atlantic (Mar Cantabrico) and Mediterranean (Mar Mediterraneo) in southwest Europe, with many mountains (Cantab, Linus, Goredo and guadarrama), many rivers (Ebro R.Ebro, Douro R.Duero, Tahoe R.Taje, Guadal Keevil R.Gualguivir) and high altitude. The high source area of Mezeta Tower in central China accounts for about 60% of the national area, which belongs to continental climate. The northern and northwestern coastal areas have a maritime temperate climate. The south and southeast have a Mediterranean subtropical climate. The precipitation in most areas is between 500 ~ 1500mm. There is almost no frost in the south all year round. Spain has a total area of more than 500,000 square kilometers. The population is more than 387 10000. Most of them are Castilians from Castilla and Catalans from Catalan minority? 1. Valencia and Galicia in the Basque country. The official language is Spanish. 94% of the residents believe in Catholicism.

② Political and economic environment:

Spain has a parliamentary monarchy, and the throne is inherited by Juan Carlos and his direct descendants. The king is the head of state and the supreme commander of the armed forces. The government is a one-party government of the workers' socialist party, and the parliament supervises the work of the government. Madrid is the capital of Spain. Spain is a relatively developed capitalist industrial country. Due to the lack of electricity and industrial raw materials, the economy is highly dependent on foreign countries.

The required oil, iron ore and coking coal are all imported. Exports include automobiles, steel, cement, ships, textiles, mercury, fertilizers, alcohol, olive oil and so on. Europe and the United States are Spain's main trading partners.

Spanish cities and places of interest

1 Madrid

Madrid, the capital of Spain, is a famous ancient city in Europe. Madrid is located in the center of Iberian Peninsula, and Guadala Mountain stands in its north. It is located at the height of 670 meters above sea level, which is the highest capital in Europe. The Mansa Nalis River surrounds the city. The transportation is developed, there are many lakes in the suburbs, the trees are shaded and the climate is pleasant. The center of Madrid is a triangle composed of "Sun Gate Square, Central Square and Spain Square". "Sun Gate Square"-the central square of Madrid, from which avenues radiate in all directions, forming a dense urban structure like a spider web. In the flower bed in the center of the square, stands a stout and powerful brown bear sculpture, clutching a raspberry tree, which is the city of Madrid. This stout brown bear shows the indomitable and indomitable character of the people of Madrid. Many ancient and medieval palaces, churches and sculptures can be seen on the streets leading from the Sun Gate to all directions. These architectural and artistic works include Gothic, Arabic and many other forms. In particular, murals inlaid with various stones and glass are bright and beautiful.

"Columbus Square"-the statue of the navigator Columbus is located in the center of the square, pointing to South America. It seems to be1the spirit when he discovered the Bahamas in June, 492. The circular fountain surrounds the statue, spraying a water column several meters high, and reflecting red, green and purple lights at night, which is particularly charming. There is a Columbus Museum underground for people to visit.

"Spain Square"-There is a statue of Cervantes, a famous Spanish writer in the17th century, and a bronze statue of Don Quixote, a Raman knight, and his loyal servant.

"Central Square"-The downtown square is a Renaissance building in 16 and 17 centuries, which was completed in 16 19. The Christian church near meras Square is also a Renaissance building (built at 1535). The present municipal museum, library, Ministry of Foreign Affairs building near Provincia Square and segovia Bridge across Manzaneros River are all baroque buildings in the late17th century. The general post office building, built in 1907~ 19 17, is the first luxurious building since the 20th century.

"Prado Museum"-There are more than 30 museums in Madrid, among which the world-famous painting exhibition hall-Prado Museum has the reputation of "the treasure house of European classical art". There are 30 exhibition halls in the museum, and more than 3,000 works of Spanish art and famous Italian painters from15th century to19th century are collected. In addition, there are many prehistoric materials and remains of Romans, Moors and the Middle Ages.

Oriental Palace is an ancient Spanish palace, located on a hill on the left bank of Manzaneros River in the west of Madrid. It is one of the most complete and exquisite palaces in the world. Its grandeur is above Buckingham Palace, the capital of England, and comparable to Versailles Palace in France. It was built according to the most popular architectural style in18th century. Its appearance has a typical French style, magnificent; The interior decoration is an authentic Italian sentiment, which is absolutely luxurious. It is a pearl of Spanish tourism, and the spacious and gorgeous hall in the palace is beautifully furnished, which makes tourists marvel. The tapestry exhibition hall collects the rarest and most valuable large tapestries in the world. In addition, the Oriental Palace also has a collection of 45 clocks and watches from various countries, which are still very accurate.

② Barcelona

Barcelona, located on the Mediterranean coast in the northeast of Spain, is the second largest city in Spain and is known as the "Pearl of Bright Roses in Iberian Peninsula". The capital of Catalonia, the richest region in Spain before 1833. The beach is flat and wide, and the climate is suitable for people. In the old district, there are relics of Roman walls and palaces in the 6th century. Gothic Catholic Church stands in the center of the old city, and there is a catacombs guarding the sacred Eulalia of Barcelona, which contains white marble sarcophagus. There are also Wang Jia Square (14 ~16th century) and Heping Square (near the harbor). There is a replica of the sailing boat when Columbus discovered the New World in the harbor, and the Columbus Monument in the square overlooks the harbor.

The "Flower Market Street" connected by Peace Square and Ramblas Street in Catalonia Square in the city center has become the largest flower market. Catalonia Square has the Statue of Liberty and fountains. In the west of the city, the "bright spring" in Spain Square and the waterfall in Montesquieu Park are reflected at night. /kloc-Spain's largest "Holy Family Church" left over from the 4th century, with folk dance performances every Sunday at noon.

Barcelona is the cultural center of Spain. There are more than 20 universities in Barcelona (founded in 1430), Liseo Grand Theatre and various museums (picasso museum, Catalan Art Museum, Modern Art Museum, Wine Museum and Spanish Village). The four exhibitions, Rose, Bullfighting and the biggest international trade exhibition every year, are very attractive.

The Brava coast in the suburbs is a famous holiday resort along the Mediterranean coast.

③ Seville;

Located in the southwest of Spain, it is a famous cultural city with a history of more than 2,000 years. Beautiful gypsy music, flamenco dance and bullfighting are famous all over Europe. The Golden Pagoda (12, with a 30-meter-high curved roof) is located on the Rio Grande. The Rio Grande is the only inland river that can cross Spain, from which Columbus sailed into the sea. The Gothic Seville Cathedral (built in15th century) is the most beautiful church in Spain, and it is said to be the third Christian church in the world (slender minarets, five naves, ten side churches and ancient city walls) after St. Peter in Rome and St. Paul's Cathedral in London.

④ Balearic Islands (la. Balearic);

Lamb is cooked in the geothermal water of sallot Island (the northernmost part of LA). Baleares), it takes 50 minutes to fly from the port of Las.parmas to Lan Sarot Island. There is little rain on the whole island, but there are banana green areas everywhere, teaching and traveling, and offshore fishing fleets.

Spanish customs

① Spanish folk festivals

On "New Year's Eve", the whole family get together to treat 12, and eat 12 grapes when the church bell rings, which symbolizes that everything goes well every month in the new year.

"Merida" in Spain, early June of 5438+10, is Gypsy Women's Day (intermarriage, free search, but parents promise that the wedding will be presided over by the patriarch, and the bride and groom's back will be cut off).

Faye Festival is one of the biggest festivals in Spain. Every year from March 12 to March 19, a vivid paper sculpture (called Faye by local people) will be held in Valencia, an ancient city near the Mediterranean in eastern Spain, to expose social evils. During this period, there were many tourists from all over Spain and all over the world, and the activity reached its climax on 19. From morning till night, the streets are full of people, singing and dancing. In the afternoon, an award ceremony was held in the city square, and people danced and reveled. 12 midnight, the city's paper patterns began to burn, and the huge paper patterns gradually turned to ashes under the raging fire.

Spain is called "the Kingdom of Olives". Olive groves are everywhere and continuous. Olive fruit and olive oil are the most in the world. In addition to eating, ancient health care and beauty techniques applied to the whole body have been used to this day (also used by bodybuilders).

"Spanish bullfighting" originated from the religious activities in ancient Spain (killing cattle as a sacrifice to the gods). /kloc-In the 3rd century, King Alfonso X of Spain began this ritual activity, which evolved into a bullfight performance (the real bullfight performance was in the middle of18th century). At present, there are more than 300 bullrings in Spain (the largest is Ventas bullring in Madrid, which can accommodate 25,000 people). Every year from March to 165438+ 10 is the Spanish Bull Running Festival, and usually Sunday and Thursday are the bullfighting days (using African purebred bulls weighing 4000 kilograms).

"Spanish cockfighting" is even stranger. In a round cage of 3 square meters, there are two cocks fighting with each other. The rooster weight shall not differ by 1, and each battle lasts for 30 minutes. Outside the cage, more than 200 gamblers each bet on a chicken to train a chicken. It takes a year, and you can play eight games a year. The price of trained cockfighting can reach 500 dollars, and it is also exported in large quantities.

(2) Spanish life and etiquette

Spain is an ancient civilization, civilized and polite. A warm, hospitable and kind nation.

Life, housing (farmhouse, swimming pool), matriarchal society (women keep the house, have more children, pay attention to hygiene, girls become housewives-the wallet that men stick to, the story of going home at 10 in the evening), birthday, adult's day invitation story, earning one yuan costs two yuan, and there is no pink eye. The smell of olive oil in bars, body odor, and food. Poor concept of time (Ashtama? I came late, and no one said I was sorry/nothing important.