Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Tourist attractions - What kind of place is Guiyang in Chenzhou?

What kind of place is Guiyang in Chenzhou?

Basic profile

Guiyang County is located in the southeast of Hunan Province, adjacent to Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, bordering 9 counties and cities of Yongzhou, Hengyang and Chenzhou, and governing 39 townships. With a total area of 2,973 square kilometers and a population of 760,000, it is the largest and most populous county in Chenzhou.

In ancient times, Guiyang was called "the famous area of southern Chu, the ancient county of early Han Dynasty". It has a history of more than 2000 years since the county was founded in the late Qin and early Han dynasties. Today, the county seat has always been the seat of the county, prison, army, road, government and state, the political, economic and cultural center of southern Hunan, and also a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. "The screen of Sanxiang, the key of Guangdong and Guangxi". The dangerous geographical location once made the Qin Emperor send troops to Wuling Town, and the beautiful scenery made Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Changling, Liu Yuxi and other literati linger and sing. On Jiuding Mountain, Shun Di visited the South to stay in the sacred site, and the giant Buddha at the top of Jianxian Village lay on his back to watch the vicissitudes of life; Fuling River is picturesque, and there are many historical sites in Dongtaling.

Guiyang is rich in mineral resources and is known as the hometown of eight treasures and nonferrous metals. As early as the Han dynasty, there was a golden official here, and in the Tang dynasty, it was the important town for the court to cast money. "Twenty-eight copper mines cast money, with the word' Gui' on the back." At the peak of the early Song Dynasty, "the whole country was smelted in Hunan, with Guiyang accounting for three tenths". At present, there are more than 20 varieties and ore belts of non-ferrous metals in China, such as lead, zinc, manganese, gold, silver, copper and tin, among which the reserves of lead, zinc, copper and tin rank among the top in the country; There are many kinds of nonmetallic minerals such as graphite and coal 10, among which industrial reserve has more than 30 million tons of graphite, accounting for one-third of the total national output, and its products are exported to many countries and regions overseas 10.

Guiyang has superior natural conditions and great potential for agricultural development. Flue-cured tobacco, ginkgo biloba, wood, bamboo, camellia oleifera, tung oil, turpentine, konjac, fruit, tea, medicinal materials, bamboo shoots and other agricultural (forest) by-products and local products enjoy a high reputation in domestic and foreign markets. Among them, the yield of flue-cured tobacco ranks third in the country, and its quality is excellent, and Guiyang is also known as the "flue-cured tobacco kingdom".

Zhong Ling is beautiful and talented. The people here are hospitable, strong-willed, brave in hardship and willing to contribute. Su Dan, a native of Guiyang in the Western Han Dynasty, remembered the sufferings of the people and left an eternal story of "Orange Wenjingquan". Cai Lun, a native of Guiyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, invented papermaking, which made a great contribution to the history of Chinese civilization. Zhao Zilong, a famous soldier of the Three Kingdoms, outwitted Guiyang and was appointed as the prefect of the county, and his exploits made future generations admire him. Ouyang Hai, a great soldier, gave his life for the fire truck and built an immortal monument with his flesh and blood.

[Edit this paragraph] Physical geography

Guiyang County is located in the west of Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, at the northern foot of Nanling Mountain, and in the middle and upper reaches of Fuling River, a tributary of Xiangjiang River. Geographical coordinates are 1 12 13' 26 "east to 1 12 55' 46" north to 25 27'15 "26.

The county is dominated by hilly land, with high schools in the north and low schools in the north, belonging to hilly areas.

About 200 million years ago, Guiyang was still a shallow sea. About/kloc-0.9 billion years ago, during the Indosinian movement, Guiyang and southern Hunan were carried to the land, and the county invaded the north and south granites and protruded into the mountains. The strong Yanshan and Himalayan movements complicated the geology and lithology of the county, and formed different strata and structural systems in different periods.

The total stratum thickness in Guiyang is 8835-131.6m, and there are 10 stratigraphic series, among which the Sinian system is mainly distributed in Sizhou Mountain, Tashan Mountain and Heping Mountain in the north of the county, and the rock thickness is about 21-kloc. Cambrian is mainly distributed in Baishui, Huashan, Sizhou Mountain, Heping Dayuanling, Qiaoshi Maple, Sizhou Taoyuan, Tang Shi Huangjia and other places. Rock thickness is 300-2100m. Silurian is mainly distributed in Liu Yang, Baishui, Guangming and other places, with a rock thickness of more than 870 meters. The Middle Devonian is distributed in the west of Sishan, lion, Gu Lou, Yutian, Tang Yan, Li Antang, Sizhou, Banqiao, Tang Shi and Li Si, while the Upper Devonian is mainly distributed in Nanling and Maota Low Ridge of Tashan, with a thickness of about140-660m. Carboniferous is mainly distributed in the northwest and southeast of the county, and the rock thickness is about 1 10-270 meters. The Lower Permian is mainly distributed in the northern Wuzhai Mountains, Tongmuling, Donghua Mountain and Dayouling, and the rock thickness is18-195m. Longtan Formation of Sade system is distributed in the northwest of Jianxian Village to the western foot of Tianyang Mountain, around Doctor Ridge and in the middle of Wuzhai Mountain Range. It is the main coal-bearing stratum in Guizhou, with rock thickness of 1 665438+. Tanshan and Donghua Mountain are in the north, with a thickness of12-389m. Triassic is mainly distributed in the southwest of Sanjiaozhai in suburban township, with a thickness of 85-395 meters. The Cretaceous is distributed in the south of Fei Xiaoling and the north of Liping, with the maximum thickness of1340m. Tertiary is mainly distributed in Yinhe Township, Shuipan Village and the central area of Tuanjiexia Zhu in Zhangshi City, with a rock thickness of 20-70 meters. The Quaternary is alluvial and diluvial eluvial deposits, mainly distributed in Zhanglong Cave and Xianjiang Cave, with a thickness of 1.5-38m. ..

Since Proterozoic Sinian, the geological structure of Guiyang has experienced many stages of tectonic movements, such as Wuling, Xuefeng, Caledonian, Variscan, Indosinian, Yanshan and Himalayan, and mainly formed radial structure and Neocathaysian structure. The radial structure is located in the middle of the north-south structural belt from Leiyang to Linwu in Guiyang City. From the structural morphology, it obviously controls the syncline and anticline structures. The Neocathaysian structure is composed of compressional faults and folds about 20 degrees northeast, especially in Huangshaping mining area. The northeast of the county is bordered by Yongzhou and Chenxian, which is a part of Yongchun Fold Belt. The unaccounted-for historic sites are located in Qiaoshi and Qinglan Township.

There are 10 kinds of rocks in Guiyang county, which can be divided into igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks.

1. Igneous rock, also known as magmatic rock, covers an area of 274.35 square kilometers, accounting for 9.23% of the county's total area. Granite intrusions are dominant, and there are three large rock masses: amphibole mica granite in Longduling, biotite granite in Dayishan and biotite granite in Tashan.

2. Sedimentary rocks include limestone, sandstone, purple sand shale and sediments, covering an area of 2,403.37 square kilometers, accounting for 80.84% of the county's total area, in which limestone includes argillaceous limestone, dolomite, dolomite and calcareous shale. , area 1, 559.88 square kilometers; Sandstone includes seasonal sandstone, crushed stone, iron-green argillaceous sandstone, carbonaceous shale and sandy shale, covering an area of 220.66 square kilometers; Beautiful sand shale with an area of 100.8 floating km; The deposit, also known as Quaternary deposit, covers an area of 522.03 square kilometers. Sedimentary rocks are the most widely distributed minerals in Guiyang.

3. Metamorphic rocks include slate, quartzite and metamorphic sandstone, covering an area of 220.72 square kilometers, accounting for 7.43% of the county's total area.

Guiyang is located in the northern edge of the middle section of Nanling Mountain, with Tashan Mountain in the north, Dayi Mountain in the north and Qitianling Mountain in the south. The middle hills are vast, forming a saddle shape with high north and south and low middle.

The mountainous area in Guiyang County is 1 13 1.59 square kilometers, which is divided into two major areas: the middle and low mountainous areas in the south and the middle and low mountainous areas in the north.

There are Jianxian Village and Longduling in the middle and low mountainous areas in the south, with altitudes of 1277m and 1 106m respectively. In addition, there are 22 hills over 800 meters, forming a mountainous area dominated by north and south, with steep slopes and hilltops like hilltops, accounting for 20.48% of the county's mountainous area. The patches are distributed in Ye He, Qinghe, Zhenghe, Taihe, Fiona Fang, Tang Yan and other towns.

The middle and low mountainous areas in the north are composed of Tashan Mountain, Dayi Mountain and Sizhou Mountain. There are more than 150 hills, of which more than 50 are above 1000 meters above sea level. Sizhou Mountain is the highest, with an altitude of 1, 428.3 meters. The mountains are connected with each other, forming a peak with a length of nearly 40 kilometers. The mountains are criss-crossed and distributed with Baishui, Huaquan, Liu Yang, Huashan and Huashan.

The hills in Guiyang are all round, and Weiliantang and other places have the most hills, with a total area of 780.95 square kilometers. Its shape is divided into low hills and high hills. The height of low Cupid is 60- 150m, and the slope is 15-20 degrees, accounting for 60.5% of the total hilly area. Mainly distributed in Tang Yan, Ye He, Taihe, Fiona Fang, Renyi, Suburb, Sizhou, Li Si, Tang Hao, Yutian, Shi Yang, Li Antang, Tuanjiexu, Huangshaping and other towns. High Cupid height 150-200m, slope 20-25.

Guiyang is rich in water resources, with annual precipitation of 410.80 billion cubic meters and total runoff of 2.034 billion cubic meters. There are two water plants in the urban area, which can meet the water demand for industrial and agricultural production. The daily designed comprehensive water supply capacity is 45,000 tons.

In 2005, the county invested 2.698 million yuan to build centralized water supply projects and decentralized projects in 17 administrative villages in three towns with difficulty in drinking water, which effectively improved the drinking water situation of the people, improved their health level and quality of life, and injected new vitality into rural economic development.

Guiyang county belongs to subtropical humid monsoon climate, with pleasant climate and distinct four seasons. Average annual temperature 17.2℃, average annual sunshine hours 1705.4 hours, and average annual rainfall 1385.2 mm Guiyang is located in east longitude1213' 26 "to north latitude/kloc. Its landform is high in the north and south and low in the middle, showing a saddle shape. Because of the great difference in height, the climate is different.

Sunshine: 1989—2000, the average annual sunshine hours in Guiyang county were 1566 hours, accounting for 36% of the sunshine hours at the same latitude in the county. The year with the most sunshine hours is 1996 and 1762 hours. The juvenile is 1990 and 1274 hours, accounting for 40% and 29% of the light hours respectively. In a year, the month with the most sunshine radiation is July, with 245 hours, with an average of 8 hours a day; The least month is February, which is 6 1 hour, with an average of only 2 hours per day, accounting for 59% and 18% of the radiation hours respectively. The above sunshine hours show that Guiyang county belongs to a typical subtropical seasonal climate, with no severe cold in winter and short heat in summer. However, due to the influence of topography, the sunshine hours in Ye He Town, Qinghe Township in the south of the county and Guangming, Baishui, Huaquan, Huashan, Liu Yang and Qiaoshi in the north of the county are 20-30% less than those in Qiugang Mountain. Insufficient sunshine has a certain impact on agricultural output and has certain restrictions on agricultural varieties.

Temperature: the territory can be divided into two different types of climate zones, the northern and southern mountainous areas are cold in spring and cool in summer, and the winter is cold, while the vast hilly areas in central China are cold in spring and hot in summer, dry in autumn and cold in winter; The annual average temperature is 14- 16℃ in the northern mountainous area, 17- 18℃ in the central hilly area and 16- 17℃ in the southern mountainous area. In the 1990s, the temperature became warmer. From 199 1 to 2000, the annual average was 17.5℃, which was 0.4℃ higher than the last 10. The annual average maximum temperature is 1998, reaching 18.6℃, and the annual average in some towns exceeds 20℃. The annual extreme high temperature is 30-35℃ in the northern and southern mountainous areas, and 35/U40℃ in the hilly and mountainous areas in the middle. The annual extreme low temperature ranges from -8- 12℃ in mountainous areas and -3-8℃ in hilly areas, in which the annual average temperatures 1998 and 1999 both exceed 18. O℃, daily maximum temperature 1998≥35. O℃ for 38 days. It's warmer in winter with less rain and snow.

Guiyang, with complex geological structure and rich mineral resources, was called "the land of eight treasures" in ancient times. The mineral resources in southern Hunan are mainly mines and large mines in variety, quantity, grade and quality. Some mineral deposits are famous in Sanxiang and even at home and abroad.

Huangshaping mining area and Baoshan mining area are rich in minerals and have long mining time. They have been famous all over the country since the Tang and Song Dynasties. In 1990s, with the deepening of reform and opening-up, many foreign mining experts came to visit and were deeply favored. According to geological exploration data, there are more than 60 kinds of minerals identified in Guiyang County. Among them, non-ferrous metals include lead, zinc, copper, tin, molybdenum, bismuth, antimony, tungsten, magnesium and so on. Ferrous metals include iron and manganese; Precious metals include gold and silver; Energy minerals include coal; Metallurgical auxiliary raw materials include refractory clay, dolomite, silica, limestone and fluorite. Non-metallic minerals include arsenic and sulfur; Building materials include limestone, porcelain clay, brick clay and marble used for cement. Coal reserves are 23.75 million tons, graphite reserves17.99 million tons, metallic lead 300,800 tons, metallic zinc 484,900 tons, manganese 430,000 tons, iron 30.827 million tons, copper 68 1000 tons and tin 9285 tons.

The soil and climate in Guiyang are suitable for growing tobacco, and Chenzhou, with Guiyang as the main tobacco-producing county, is one of the six most suitable tobacco-growing areas in China. China's tobacco cultivation began in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, extended to the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, and began to take shape in the middle of the same period, and flourished after the founding of New China.

In the 21st year of Ming Dynasty (1594), tobacco spread from the Philippines to Fujian and Guangdong in China. Soon after, sun-cured tobacco was also planted under the camphor tree and along the Yangtze River, but the output was very small. Until the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty (1796- 1820), it was still "obsession first, and the land was not productive, but it was bought in other cities in Hunan." During Guangxu period (1785- 1820), it gradually expanded to the whole territory and exported a small amount of tobacco leaves and cut tobacco. In the early days of the Republic of China, domestic warlords scuffled, goods were not circulated smoothly, and planting was reduced; After the victory of the Northern Expedition, it gradually developed. During the Republic of China (17), the output reached 15000 tons, and the export was also increasing. In the 30 years of the Republic of China, the output increased to 24,600 tons, accounting for about one tenth of the province's total output, and it is famous for its high quality in Guangdong, Han, Hong Kong and Macao. In the later period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the output of sun-cured tobacco decreased gradually, and the output in 38 years of the Republic of China was only 7,500 tons.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the county party committee and county people's government implemented the agricultural production policy of "taking grain as the key link, diversified management and all-round development", strengthened the leadership over tobacco production, and gradually established a comprehensive service network of technology, materials and circulation, and tobacco production was rapidly restored and developed. From 65438 to 0954, the output of sun-cured tobacco recovered to 563 tons in summer, ranking second in the province, and increased to 900 tons in the following year. At the same time, 195 1 started the trial planting of flue-cured tobacco, and 1960 succeeded in the trial planting again, and then it was quickly popularized to replace sun-cured tobacco. 1974, Guiyang became one of the top ten tobacco production base counties in China.

Guiyang is known as "the famous area of southern Chu and the ancient county of early Han Dynasty", and the territory is divided into five scenic spots from south to north. There is Chaoquan Scenic Spot in Ye He Town in the south, Dongta Scenic Spot and Chunlingjiang Scenic Spot in the county, Li Antang Scenic Spot in the north and Tanshan Scenic Spot in the northwest. They are mysterious, ancient, beautiful, elegant and majestic.

[Edit this paragraph] Historical evolution

Guiyang county is named after the county seat is located in the south of Guilin, but today Guiyang county has undergone geographical transfer.

In the Han Dynasty, Guiyang belonged to Chen County and Guiyang County.

In the first year of Jianwu in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (3 17), Pingyang County, Pingyang County and County were located in the west of Tao Kan, and the establishment of Guiyang County began here.

In 589, Pingyang County and Pingyang County were abolished and merged into Chen County.

In the 13th year of the Great Cause of Sui Dynasty (6 17), Xiaoxian restored Pingyang County, which belonged to Guiyang County.

In the seventh year of Tang Wude (624), Pingyang County was merged into Chen County, and moved to Guiyang County the following year. In the second year of Tang Zhide (757), Guiyang County was renamed Chenzhou, and the state moved to Pingyang County.

In the twentieth year of Tang Zhenyuan (804), Guiyang was placed under the supervision of Pingyang City, but it was not in charge of the county, but was in charge of mining, metallurgy and copper casting. At that time, there were more than 280 copper pits in China.

In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820), the state returned to Chen.

In the first year of God Blessing (904), Pingyang County was withdrawn and merged into Guiyang Prison. The supervisor is an administrative entity and belongs to Chenzhou.

At the end of Jin Dynasty, in the first year of Tianfu (936), Linwu County, the governor of Guiyang, was a special administrative region and was assigned to Changsha Prefecture. From then on, Chen and Gui divided and ruled.

In the fourth year of Tianfu at the end of Jin Dynasty (939), Linwu County was abandoned in Guiyang Prison.

In the second year of Song Jingde (1005), Dulan County, Guiyang.

Song Tianxi returned to Pingyang County for three years (10 19) and was transferred to Guiyang Prison.

In the third year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (1 133), Guiyang Prison was renamed Guiyang Army, which was under the jurisdiction of Pingyang City and Pingyang County was subordinate to it.

In the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty (1277), Guiyang Army was changed to Guiyang Road, which was under the jurisdiction of Pingyang City and Pingyang County was included.

In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368), Guiyang Road was more Guiyang House, leading Pingyang and Linwu counties and Changning and Leiyang counties.

In the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1376), Guiyang Prefecture was reduced to Guiyang Prefecture, and Pingyang County of the province was merged into Guiyang Prefecture and placed under Hengzhou Prefecture. In the 13th year of Hongwu, Guiyang Prefecture governed Linwu, Lanshan and Guiyang Honshu.

In the 12th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1639), it was analyzed that Hechangbao in the southwest of Honshu and Jiahe County in the northwest of Linwu County in Guiyang belonged to Guiyang Prefecture.

In the 13th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1674) (17), Wu Sangui was trapped in Hengzhou, and because of taboo of the word "Gui", Guiyang was changed to Nanping.

Wu died in August of the seventeenth year and was renamed Guiyang House in February of the following year (1679).

In the tenth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1732), Guiyang House was upgraded to Zhili House, leading Linwu, Lanshan and Jiahe counties, and transferred to Hengyong Chen Guidao.