Who can provide a live broadcast of the development history of Hainan? For example, when was it established, its development history, etc. (the more detailed, the better)

1. Overall situation:

Hainan Province - On April 13, 1988, the first session of the Seventh National People's Congress passed the "Decision on the Establishment of Hainan Province" and "Resolution on the Establishment of Hainan Special Economic Zone"; On April 26, 1988, the Hainan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Hainan Provincial People's Government were officially established. Since then, Hainan has become my country's youngest province and largest special economic zone, and Hainan's development has entered a new historical period. A shining pearl in the South China Sea, it is the second largest island in the country after Taiwan. It is the province with the smallest land area and the largest ocean area in China.

Provincial capital: Haikou. The total land area is 33,920 square kilometers. The forest area is 1,714,700 hectares. The forest coverage rate reaches 51%. Tropical natural forests account for about half of the province's forest area. Hainan is located in the tropics, located between 108 degrees 37 minutes east longitude and -111 degrees 05 minutes east latitude, and 18 degrees 10 minutes north latitude and -20 degrees 10 minutes. The annual average temperature is 23-25°C, and the average temperature in February, the coldest month, is 16-20° C, the hottest month is 25-29°C, and the average annual precipitation is 1,500 mm. Long summer without winter. When the northern country is frozen for thousands of miles, the warm breeze is still here and you can bathe in the sea. , the entire island covers an area of ??approximately 34,000 square kilometers and has a population of 7 million, including more than 1.2 million people from ethnic minorities such as Li, Miao, and Hui. It is estimated that there are more than 3.2 million Hainanese folks and their descendants (foreign Chinese) overseas, and some people estimate that including the fourth and fifth generation descendants, there should be more than 5 million. The overseas population in Wenchang, the hometown of overseas Chinese, is larger than that on the island. Currently, Hainanese folks and their descendants are spread across five continents, especially in Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, the United States, Canada and Australia.

Hainan Island is at the same latitude as Hawaii in the United States. The 1,528-kilometer-long coast is covered with tourism resources that can be developed into a world-class tourist destination. The island has a pleasant climate all year round, with birds singing, flowers, minerals, flora and fauna throughout the four seasons. It is rich in resources, especially oil and natural gas reserves. The tropical rainforests and mangroves produced are rare forest types in China and are the most ideal place for scientific research, tourism and teaching. There are 4,200 species of plants that have been discovered, accounting for 15% of the country's plant species, and nearly 600 species are endemic to Hainan. Among the 4,200 species of plants, there are more than 1,400 types of trees and shrubs, accounting for 28.6% of the country's tree and shrub species, of which more than 800 are timber tree species with high economic value; there are more than 2,500 medicinal plants, accounting for about 30% of the country's medicinal plants. , including 137 species of plants with anti-cancer effects; 142 species of fruit trees; 89 species of oil plants; and nearly 200 species of other economic plants. Among wild animals, there are 104 species of reptiles, accounting for 29.5% of the country's total; and 76 species of mammals, accounting for 18.6% of the country's total. Hainan's rich biodiversity occupies a very prominent position in China, and protecting biodiversity is one of the key tasks of Hainan's forestry. There are 58 species of plants currently listed under national protection, including 1 species at the first level, 19 species at the second level, and 38 species at the third level; 133 species of animals are protected, including 14 species at the national first level, 87 species at the second level, and 32 species at the provincial level. .

Hainan Province is located in Asia and is in the middle of the Pacific Economic Circle. It faces the Leizhou Peninsula across the Qiongzhou Strait to the north and includes Hainan Island and the islands and reefs of the Paracel Islands, Nansha Islands, Zhongsha Islands and their territorial waters. There are Wuzhishan, Limuling mountains and terraces in the middle, and there are plains of varying widths around it. The island has modern facilities such as Qiongshan Meilan Airport and Sanya Phoenix Airport, which have become one of the top ten airports in China, a round-island expressway, and high-star hotels throughout the province, providing people with high-end food, housing, and transportation. , travel, shopping and entertainment conditions. The suitable climate and excellent beaches make this area the most ideal bathing beaches and summer resorts, such as Luhuitou, Yalong Bay, Dadonghai, Tianya Haijiao in Sanya City, Xiuying Sea in Qiongshan City, Qinglan Bay in Wenchang City, Qionghai Changpo City, the north and south coasts of Tongguling, Monkey Island in Lingshui County, Yulinzhou in Dongfang County, Shimei Bay in Wanning City, etc. There are also volcanic eruption wonders (such as Guilinyang Underwater Village and Ma'anling Lava Cave in Qiongshan City) and mangrove coastal landscapes along the coast. Nanwan Monkey Island in Lingshui County is often talked about. Wuzhishan is the highest peak in Hainan Island and is particularly majestic. The former site of the Qiongya Column in Qiongzhong is a modern revolutionary memorial site. The Li ethnic group is only distributed in Hainan Island, with a population of about 1.2 million. They are good at textiles, printing and dyeing, and clothing, and their diet has distinctive ethnic characteristics, making them the most important ethnic customs and tourism resources in Hainan.

Hainan Island’s charming waters, snow-white beaches, bright sunshine, charming underwater world and legendary ethnic minority customs will surely make you forget to leave. Flowers bloom here all year round, the fragrance of fruits and vegetables, the sunshine, beach, sea water, air, as well as the passionate and charming Li Miao girls, Xinglong Kangle Hot Spring all exude the special charm of this tropical island.

2. Customs:

Hainan people are generous! Great hospitality!

South Island is China’s only tropical island province and is known as “one of the few unpolluted pure lands” in the world. The island has four seasons and the forest coverage rate exceeds 50%. Hainan is a colorful world with the five major tourism elements of sunshine, sea water, beach, green and air, and is endowed with unique natural scenery of tropical islands. Unique national customs.

Ethnic customs

The residents of Hainan Province belong to Han, Li, Miao, Hui, Tibetan, Yi, Zhuang, Manchu, Dong, Yao, Bai, Thai, Wa and She There are more than 30 ethnic groups including Shui, Jing, Tu, Mongolian, Buyi, Korean, Tujia, Hani, Lisu, Gaoshan, Xibe, Memba, Naxi, Mulao, Kazakh and Oroqen. There are Li, Miao, Hui, Han and other ethnic groups who have lived there for generations. For thousands of years, the simple and unique ethnic customs have made the island's social scene more colorful. Among them, the most distinctive ones are the living customs of the Li and Miao ethnic groups. According to historical records, the Li people are an indigenous ethnic group in Hainan. As early as ancient times, the Li people have been slashing and burning on this land. The ethnic customs are simple and honest. They have long been famous for their unique national culture and gorgeous brocade craftsmanship. Compatriots of the Li ethnic group mainly live in the relatively flat foothills of the Wuzhishan Mountains or in the basins near rivers. The villages vary in size and are well-proportioned. The low thatched house is nestled among the dense coconut trees and betel palm trees. The gaps between the trees are surrounded by bamboo fences to form small vegetable plots, where all kinds of vegetables are delicate and delicious. A clear stream flows in front of the house, giving people the feeling of "walking into a mountain villa". Penang coconut is a valuable gift given by Li people when visiting relatives and friends, and the number indicates the depth of affection.

Hainan Miao people bite their hands to confirm their love

“Reach out your hand and bite your brother’s hand. The more you bite, the deeper your love for your sister becomes. The green mountains will never grow old, and seeing those tooth marks is like seeing a human being.” This is a ballad spread among the Miao people in Hainan Province. Biting hands is a unique way for Hainan Miao young men and women to express their love. Every holiday, especially on the third day of March, under the betel nut trees, in the mango groves, by the rivers and on the hillside grasslands, young men and women sing beautiful and beautiful songs to express their ideals, interests and wishes, and to seek the person they love. . Later, the young men picked up their bows, arrows and harpoons and went to the rivers and streams to catch fish, while the girls baked tube rice and cooked fish by the stream until the sun went down. If a young man falls in love with a girl he likes, he will use his mouth bow, nose flute, and leaves to blow melodious tunes at night, and go outside the girl's boudoir (the hut where the young woman lives) to sing the opening song. If the girl does not sing behind closed doors, she will open the door and come out, and they will light a bonfire on the grass or in the bamboo forest to sing and dance together to express their love for each other. At this time, after the girl heard the young man's courtship, she shyly took the young man's hand and took a bite. If the bite was gentle and polite, the young man would understand that the girl was rejecting or hinting that she had a crush; If it is very serious and even bites a bloody mark, it means that the girl is very devoted to him and is willing to accept the love of the young man. After biting their hands to confirm their love, they each took out their most beloved souvenirs, such as rings, earrings, bamboo hats, waist baskets and other gifts, and presented them to each other as tokens of love to show that they would be together for life.

Special activities

Hainan folk festivals:

The residents of Hainan Province include more than 30 people including Han, Li, Miao, Hui, Yi, Dong and Yao. nationality. There are Li, Miao, Hui, Han and other ethnic groups who have lived there for generations. For thousands of years, the simple and unique ethnic customs have made the island's social landscape rich and colorful. The most distinctive one is the living customs of the Li people.

The Li people are an indigenous ethnic group in Hainan. They have lived in the Wuzhishan Mountains in central Hainan Island and in the southwest for generations, with a current population of more than 1.3 million. The language of the Li people belongs to the Li branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and their cultural characteristics are closely related to the Zhuang and Buyi people in southern my country. The Li ethnic group is divided into five branches: Qi, Xiao, Run, Sai and Meifu.

Li villages are mostly located on valley slopes or mountain basins, surrounded by dense trees or thorny bamboos. The traditional residence of the Li people is a thatched house, called a "boat-shaped thatched house". Legend has it that the ancestors of the Li people came across the sea by boat, so living in a boat-shaped house has been preserved as a tradition. The Li ethnic group is a nation that is good at singing and dancing. During festive seasons, Li men and women have to sing to each other or dance all night long. Every year on March 3rd of the lunar calendar, it is a traditional festival of the Li people, and the Li people hold grand celebrations.

The Li people have mastered textile technology very early. Huang Daopo, a female weaver in the Yuan Dynasty, learned advanced cotton spinning technology from the Li people. The Li brocade weaved by the Li people generally uses black and brown as the basic tones, with alternating colors of green, red, white, blue, and yellow. The patterns include figures, animals, plants, landscapes, mascots, etc. The traditional costumes of the Li ethnic group include red or black headscarves for men, open tops, and cloth scarves tied around the waist. Women's costumes vary from branch to branch, but the tube skirt is their most unique costume.

Hainan Island has rich folk culture and has spawned many unique folk festivals.

Every evening on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, an annual unique flower-changing festival will be held in Qiongshan City, Hainan. Every year from the 9th to the 19th day of the second lunar month, Xinpo Town in Qiongshan City and many places across the province hold a four-day "Junpo Festival". This is a folk worship activity held in memory of Mrs. Xian. Every year on the third day of the third month of the lunar calendar, it is a traditional festival for young men and women of the Li ethnic group to pursue love and happiness. The Li and Miao people in Hainan have the custom of celebrating March 3rd. The Hainan International Coconut Festival is held every year in late March or early April (during the "March 3rd" period of the lunar calendar). It is a large-scale tourism and cultural festival that integrates tourism, culture, folk customs, sports, and economy and trade. Every Mid-Autumn Festival is the Danzhou Folk Song Festival. The main activities of the Song Festival include Danzhou folk songs, antiphonal singing competition and "moon appreciation". The "Hainan Happy Festival" is held in late November every year.

As the editors of "Nanjing Zero Distance" said, the news they are doing now is not very standard according to the traditional news concept, but it has news value when viewed from a new perspective. News that can help people solve their problems is not only disseminated, but also has many service functions. People's Livelihood News integrates the function of news notification, public opinion supervision and social service. This in itself is a transformation of the media's role and an innovation.

On July 23, 2003, "First Time" was launched on the Economic and Life Channel of Anhui TV Station. Over the past year, the column's highest average weekly ratings reached 24.89%, and set a record of 31%, with annual advertising revenue exceeding 50 million yuan. The success of "First Time" confirms the replicability of the "TV People's Livelihood News" model, and indicates a good prospect for the "Third Revolution of Chinese TV News" oriented toward "People's Livelihood News" discussed by scholars.

"TV people's livelihood news" is a theoretical summary of the new TV news programs that are popular on local TV stations and focus on people's lives. , a type of program that focuses on the living conditions and spiritual space of ordinary people. "TV People's Livelihood News" can be traced back to the large-scale live news program "Nanjing Zero Distance" in Nanjing. On New Year's Day in 2002, "Nanjing Zero Distance" was officially launched on the Jiangsu TV Station City Channel. In the 60-minute program, this column provides news related to people's lives, people's complaints, practical information, etc. from a civilian perspective. It has won high ratings and achieved good economic benefits. In early 2004, "Nanjing Zero Distance" obtained an exclusive advertising agency fee of 100.88 million yuan through bidding. This breaks the myth that TV dramas are the most profitable and proves that news programs can achieve more output than TV dramas or variety shows.

It is good advertising revenue that has driven the development of people's livelihood news columns in various places. Hunan Economic TV's "City Time", Chengdu TV's "Chengdu Full Contact", Jilin TV's "Watch the City" has expanded its edition, and Hainan TV is preparing to organize "Live in Hainan". It can be seen that this trend is still expanding. So, what experience have these pioneers accumulated in the establishment and operation of people's livelihood news columns in other regions? This article starts with the two columns "Nanjing Zero Distance" and "First Time".

The morphological characteristics of the "People's Livelihood News" column

The selection of materials is mainly based on news stories around the people

Government activities and meeting news are often compressed at the bottom of the screen. It appears in the form of rolling subtitles. For example, among the 170 news items in "Nanjing Zero Distance" from January 20 to 26 this year, there were only 5 party and government news items, and as many as 93 negative and critical news items. Jing Zhigang, founder of "Nanjing Zero Distance" said, "We are more concerned about the people. What we are doing is people's wishes, difficulties in life, etc. From the perspective of the subject matter, it is disaster reporting and complaints, but in reality It is the living conditions of ordinary people and their state of mind. It is these things that support our ratings."

The topic of "First Time" also clearly outlines " "Reporting stories that happen around people." Taking July 14 as an example, part of the content is as follows:

"A girl from Yunnan was abducted and trafficked, Feidong police skillfully rescued", "A fallen tree crushed Xiali, everyone rushed to rescue", "On the top of the wall Bricks fell, injuring a sleeping girl", "Baohe Park: Fifty or sixty bags of construction waste were added overnight", "A major car accident occurred in Feidong County", "Failed to buy medicine and destroyed the door", "Anhui's first heart-changing person" "Discharged from the hospital today", "No one was rescued after a car accident, both sides argued that they were not responsible", "Chaohu bird flu is under control"...

The amount of news information is large

A piece of news is often shortened to tens of seconds, greatly enhancing the information capacity. "Nanjing Zero Distance" broadcasts at least 25 to 30 news items in a 60-minute program every day. "First Time" collects 50 to 60 news items every day.

The "fastest" reporting speed

Reporters from "Nanjing Zero Distance" often arrive at the scene before the fire alarm and 110. Similarly, in Hefei, viewers often see on TV that the "First Time" interview vehicle arrives at the scene before 120 and 110, which puts a certain amount of pressure on these industries.

Arrangement from a civilian perspective

The two programs not only realize the civilian perspective in the selection of materials, but also work hard on the program arrangement, reflecting the civilian perspective with a large number of interpretations and summaries. "First Time" summarizes the content into three major parts: social news, life information, and complaint hotline. The content of these three major parts is the civilian perspective and humanized arrangement of the column. For example, traffic accident reports mainly serve as a warning to people and contain the spirit of humanistic care. In addition, "First Time" fully considers the characteristics of live broadcast in its arrangement, breaks the block-type and fixed arrangement methods, emphasizes time periods, divides the columns into six periods, and based on the audience flow during the broadcast period of this program Change, rationally adjust the position of exciting content and general content, put the important news that has just happened (mainly social news) in the most prominent position, insert the major news that is happening at any time, and use the form of left-wing subtitles for information and service information Throughout the program, content at the end should be easily extended and abridged to provide a timely conclusion to the day's coverage.

This arrangement method brings a sense of unpredictability and expectation to the audience, creates new viewing excitement and highlights, and strives to retain the audience from the overall viewing perspective.

The mechanism behind the achievement of "people's livelihood news" reporting

Material support

Currently, "First Time" directly commands 110 people (excluding technical personnel). In terms of equipment, there are 13 large equipment and 12 small equipment. There are 10 interview vehicles. It is these solid material foundations that ensure that 50 to 60 pieces of fresh news can be collected every day.

Change work style

Completely let go of the provincial and Taiwan airs, abandon the original work model, and change work style. Plunge into the streets and alleys of Hefei and call on everyone to be "street reporters" and "community reporters." The interview team divided their work according to the administrative divisions of four districts and three counties in Hefei City. Although the boundaries gradually blurred in the later stages of operation, it played a role in changing perceptions in the early stage.

People's participation

Fully mobilizing the masses to provide news clues and listening to the audience's opinions on social events are the source of vitality for people's livelihood news. "Nanjing Zero Distance" receives about 200 calls from viewers providing news clues and about 300 complaints every day. About 70% of the news clues come from viewers. "First Time" has 6 hotlines with 13 operators, and approximately 1,000 hotline calls are answered every day. In addition, "Nanjing Zero Distance" also collects opinions from the audience on hot topics, which will be announced at the end of the program. Once, "Nanjing Zero Distance" published an on-site investigation on "Should the toll station of the Yangtze River Bridge be demolished?" and received more than 10,000 calls.

Integrated marketing and promotion columns

To operate the column as a commodity, it is necessary to use various opportunities to promote it among the target audience. Make full use of various media forms for integrated marketing, such as airships, banners, buses, the Internet, radio, and street distribution of program notes to expand the popularity of the column. Organizing events is another effective promotion method. For example, "Nanjing Zero Distance" held a "Happy Giveaway" event to give away TV sets to the audience. "Nanjing Zero Distance" also invited some big brands to jointly carry out promotional activities in communities. It selected 80 communities with strong purchasing power and dense population in Nanjing, and planned to spend two years doing promotions every weekend. In this way, the promotion of columns and channels and advertisers are effectively bundled together.

Problems faced by innovative models

In the current period when people’s livelihood news is booming on TV stations across the country, what we often hear is cheers. However, some scholars have pointed out the worries of the people’s livelihood news model. The trend of people's livelihood news on TV is somewhat similar to the rise of urban newspapers in print media in the past few years. When paying attention to people's lives, it is inevitable that there will be critical reports that involve the interests of some units and even require discussion of institutional issues, especially reports on catastrophic accidents. It is understood that many institutions and units in the Nanjing area are afraid of reporters and prefer not to see reporters. Professor Lu Lu of the School of Journalism and Communication at Tsinghua University pointed out that the current Minsheng TV news column must do a good job in public relations and optimize the reporting environment. In addition, establishing an appropriate reporting strategy is also very important for the long-term development of the column. Some deep-seated issues should be discussed without violating the style and principles of the column. "First Time" proposed that reporting strategies should not only be based on guidelines, policies, and news disciplines, but also based on the current status and relationships of local interests of various strata.

In the final analysis, the success of a column is not only reflected in its influence, but also in advertising revenue. In terms of column advertising operations, these pioneering columns have also accumulated valuable experience. In the next issue, we will use "First Time" as an example to discuss the characteristics and innovative experience of column advertising management.