Basic information about Shenzhou 10

Basic information

Spaceship parameters

Height: about 53 meters

Weight: about 8 tons

Waist circumference : Maximum diameter 2.9 meters

Composition: propulsion module, return module and orbital module

Launch window: 17:38 on June 11, 2013

Shenzhou Spacecraft No. 10

Flight speed: about 7.9 kilometers per second, flying 28,000 kilometers per hour, orbiting the earth every 90 minutes

Flight time: 15 days in orbit, including 12 days to form a combined flight with Tiangong-1

Initial launch orbit: an elliptical orbit about 200 kilometers from perigee and 330 kilometers from apogee

Docking orbit: about 343 kilometers from the earth Near-circular orbit

Astronaut crew: Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang, Wang Yaping

Mission stage: the first stage of the second step of the manned spaceflight project, the final battle of the rendezvous and docking mission, carrying The human spacecraft space and ground transportation system is in the finalization stage. Test missions: automatic and manual rendezvous and docking, combined flight, orbiting, etc.

Spacecraft introduction

Shenzhou 10 is one of China's "Shenzhou" series of spacecraft. Five spacecraft carrying astronauts. The spacecraft consists of a propulsion module, a return module, an orbital module

Shenzhou 10 will be transported to the Jiuquan launch base (20 photos)

and additional sections. The rocket model used to launch Shenzhou-10 is the same as that of Shenzhou-9, but the safety and reliability of the rocket will be further improved to ensure the safety of astronauts. [2]

Flight products such as the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft and the Long March 2F Yao-10 rocket have entered the field one after another since the end of March, and have been hoisted and docked with the launch vehicle to form a complete assembly. [3]

Characteristics of the Divine Ten

Compared with the Divine Nine, what are the characteristics of the Divine Ten?

Zhou Jianping, chief designer of China's manned space program, said that in terms of its mission, Shenzhou-9 is mainly to conduct manned space rendezvous and docking tests and achieve breakthroughs in manned rendezvous and docking technology. Although Shenzhou-10 will continue to carry out automatic and manual space rendezvous and docking with Tiangong-1, its focus has turned to the verification and application of these technologies. It is equivalent to the further finalization stage of the manned spacecraft's space-to-ground transportation system, which will lay a foundation for further space laboratory research and space station construction in the future. In terms of specific experimental content, Shenzhou-10 has added orbiting, that is, the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft plans to fly around the target aircraft Tiangong-1. The success of this experiment is also very important for the construction of the space station, because there may be multiple docking ports on the space station, and the aircraft must dock with it from multiple directions, which requires further assessment of the aircraft's orbit. [4]

To sum up, on the basis that Shenzhou-9 marks my country’s breakthrough and mastery of manned rendezvous and docking technology, Shenzhou-10 will carry out the first practical flight of the manned space-to-earth round-trip transportation system. After the Shenzhou-10 is launched and completes the space rendezvous and docking missions with Tiangong-1, the first phase of my country's second manned space mission will come to a perfect conclusion, and the country will fully enter the development stage of space laboratories and space stations. [4]

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Mission Overview

1. Provide personnel and material round-trip transportation services for the on-orbit operation of Tiangong-1, and further The function and performance of the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft's docking and manned transportation system to and from space will be assessed.

2. Further assess the combination’s ability to support the life, work and health of astronauts, as well as the astronauts’ ability to perform flight missions.

3. Conduct research on astronauts’ space environment adaptability and space operation efficiency, carry out space science experiments, spacecraft on-orbit maintenance tests and space station-related key technology verification tests, and carry out the first space science lectures for teenagers. Educational activities, etc.

4. Further assess the functions, performance and inter-system coordination of each system in the project to perform flight tasks. [5]

Main tasks

On February 28, 2013, the spokesperson of China’s manned space program stated: my country will implement Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-10 in 2013. manned flight mission and carried out the first practical flight of the manned space-to-ground round-trip transportation system. The mission of "Shenzhou 10" will be to "fill in the gaps" of the "Shenzhou 9" manned rendezvous and docking technology. "Shenzhou 10" will consolidate and optimize the manned rendezvous and docking technology achieved by "Shenzhou 9" and improve the imperfections of the "Shenzhou 9" and "Shenzhou 8" spacecrafts. According to the preliminary plan, Shenzhou 10 will fly in space for 15 days, conducting automatic and manual rendezvous and docking with the Tiangong-1 target aircraft. The astronauts will enter the Tiangong experimental cabin to conduct short-term supervised scientific experiments, and carry out interactive projects such as science lectures and other space-based projects. [6]

According to the mission plan, the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft will be launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center from June to August 2013. Three astronauts will drive the spacecraft and Tiangong-1 in orbit. The target aircraft conducts manned rendezvous and docking.

The main purposes of this mission are: first, to provide personnel and material round-trip transportation services for the on-orbit operation of Tiangong-1, and to further assess the functions and performance of the rendezvous and docking, manned space-to-ground round-trip transportation systems; second, to further assess the impact of the assembly on astronauts The ability to guarantee life, work and health, as well as the astronauts' ability to perform flight missions; the third is to conduct research on astronauts' space environment adaptability and space operation efficiency, and carry out space science experiments, spacecraft in-orbit maintenance tests and space station and other key technology verifications test, the first space science lectures and popular science education activities for teenagers were carried out; fourth, the function, performance and inter-system coordination of each system in the project were further assessed to perform the flight mission. [7]

In addition to consolidating the manned rendezvous and docking technology, the "Shenzhou-10" also made adjustments to the flight time, astronaut working procedures, working methods, and the arrangement of scientific test projects to provide a better foundation for the construction of our country's space station. Lay the foundation. [8]

Decryption mission

The large transport aircraft carrying the "Shenzhou 10" spacecraft departed from Beijing on the morning of March 31, 2013, transporting the "Shenzhou 10" to Jiuquan satellite launch center. Bao Weimin, director of the Science and Technology Committee of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that if the Shenzhou 10 missions go smoothly, it will mean that China's manned spacecraft space-to-ground transportation system has been completed, and China's aerospace industry will enter the space station era in the future. [9]

Zhang Bonan, chief designer of the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft of the Aerospace Science and Technology Group, said that China’s manned space flight only solves the problem of transportation between space and earth. In fact, the next step is to build a contract-operated space station to solve the problem of human beings. To survive in space orbit for a long time, it should be said that the tasks and challenges in the future are still very arduous.

To build a space station, rendezvous and docking is a technical threshold that must be crossed. Only when two spacecrafts are successfully docked can astronauts and cargo travel freely between the ground and the space station. Shenzhou 8, Shenzhou 9, and Shenzhou 10 are the key to verifying this technology. In the future, the construction of the space station will require more technological breakthroughs.

We also need to develop a small-scale space laboratory and a cargo spacecraft. We can transport astronauts and a small amount of experimental equipment to the space laboratory, and we also need to transport larger-scale laboratory equipment. These tasks need to continue to be tackled, developed and verified in subsequent work.

My country’s Tiangong-2 is already under development. He said: "Before the formal construction of the space station, a series of tests will be carried out, which will be carried out on Tiangong-2. During the development stage, Tiangong-2 may need to arrange some fueling, which is to carry out (propulsion) operations on the spacecraft and space laboratory. agent) to fuel these experiments, in this case, a new generation of launch vehicles may be needed as its delivery vehicle. In this way, I estimate that these tasks may be arranged during the 13th Five-Year Plan."

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Expected

On November 10, 2012, when attending the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in Beijing, Niu Hongguang said that the Shenzhou 10 spacecraft is planned to be launched in mid-June 2013, and the three astronauts will Visit Tiangong-1 again.

The factory test of the Chang-2 F rocket included 286 camera segments from individual sub-system tests to general inspection tests, and 89 more multimedia records than the Chang-2 F rocket that launched Shenzhou 9. At the same time, Factory 211 focused on recording the moving parts of the arrow and the data display of ground instruments. It was confirmed that the operation process of the rocket's factory test multimedia recording project was safe and reliable, met the technical document requirements, and the test was effective.

The spokesperson of the China Manned Space Program announced that my country will launch the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft in mid-June, and the three astronauts will visit Tiangong-1 again. On June 3, 2013, the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft and the Long March-2F Yao-10 rocket assembly were transported vertically from the technical area of ??the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Manned Space Launch Site to the launch area. This marks that the launch of the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft has entered the final preparation stage.

China Manned Space Engineering Spokesperson Wu Ping announced at a press conference held at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 10, 2013 that after research and decision by the mission headquarters, the Shenzhou 10 manned spacecraft was scheduled to be launched. It was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 17:38 on June 11, 2013. The flight crew consisted of male astronauts Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang and female astronaut Wang Yaping. Nie Haisheng served as the commander.

On the afternoon of June 10, 2013, the Long March 2F Yaoshi rocket that carried out the launch mission began to add propellant.

Confirmed

Wu Ping, spokesman for the China Manned Space Program, announced at a press conference on June 10, 2013 that after research and decision by the mission headquarters, it will be scheduled for June 11 The Shenzhou-10 manned spacecraft was launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center at 17:38 on the same day. The flight crew consisted of male astronauts Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang and female astronaut Wang Yaping, with Nie Haisheng serving as the commander. On the afternoon of the 10th, the Long March 2F Yaoshi rocket carrying out this launch mission began to add propellant.

Edit this flight duration

Shenzhou 10 will fly in orbit for 15 days. After the spacecraft enters orbit, it will conduct one automatic rendezvous and docking and one astronaut-controlled rendezvous and docking with Tiangong-1 in accordance with predetermined procedures. During the flight of the complex, astronauts stationed on Tiangong-1 and carried out aerospace medical experiments, technology tests and space teaching activities.

After completing the combined flight, the spacecraft evacuated and returned to the landing site, and Tiangong-1 transferred to a long-term operational orbit. [10]

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Selection

Shenzhou 10 will have three astronauts on the mission [11], and the crew is likely to remain It consists of two male astronauts and one female astronaut. [6] The candidates for the "Shenzhou 10" astronauts have not yet been determined, but what is certain is that the execution of space missions will still be dominated by an older batch of astronauts. [8] The selection and training of astronauts is in progress in an orderly manner, and crew selection is scheduled to begin in January 2013. [6]

Astronauts Nie Haisheng (middle), Zhang Xiaoguang (right) and Wang Yaping

Zhou Jianping, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and chief designer of China’s manned space program, answered the question of astronaut selection , made it clear: "Only Wang Yaping will participate in this selection, and she is the only female astronaut participating in the selection training." [12] "If her physical condition permits by then, Wang Yaping is likely to fly into space on the Shenzhou-10." The words of Zhang Jianqi, Chairman of the China Space Foundation and former Deputy Minister of the General Armament Department, undoubtedly confirm the above judgment to a certain extent. [4]

Confirmed

The flight crew consists of male astronauts Nie Haisheng and Zhang Xiaoguang and female astronaut Wang Yaping, with Nie Haisheng serving as the commander. [10]

Edit safeguard measures in this paragraph

Through the Shenzhou-9 mission, a large amount of data on astronauts’ work and life in space was obtained, and a certain amount of experience was accumulated. At the same time, We also found some areas that need improvement and improvement. In order to further improve the quality of astronauts' work and life in space, the following measures have been taken:

The first is to improve the domestic garbage disposal inside the cabin. In this mission, the variety, specifications and quantity of waste collection bags have been increased to facilitate astronauts to seal and store domestic waste in orbit.

The second is to enrich the space food. Personalized designs for astronauts have been added to increase the types of food, and the sensory acceptability of the food has been improved through improved processes.

The third is to optimize the astronauts’ work procedures and work and rest arrangements, increasing the time margin for work projects. In addition, by replacing the floor and some limiting devices for Tiangong-1, the astronauts' life in Tiangong can be made more convenient. [13]

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Factory preparation

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Jiuquan Office

March 2013, The Shenzhou-10 spacecraft completed the preparation work before leaving the factory and successfully passed the system-level review. At the same time, the Shenzhou-10 launch site test team, flight control test team and recovery test team have been formed and ready to go. They will make every effort to ensure the smooth progress of the mission from different aspects in the coming months. Shenzhou-10 has completed final assembly, comprehensive testing, thermal testing, ship-machine joint testing, man-ship testing, ship-arrow testing, ship-ground testing and man-ship ground testing. Shenzhou-10 has completed a 1:1 full mission model flight test, and all test personnel are preparing with full enthusiasm for the final delivery of the spacecraft.

As of the end of March 2013, the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft has completed final assembly and is undergoing factory testing; the Long March 2F Yao-10 carrier rocket has completed testing and is undergoing factory preparation; astronaut training is on schedule The preparations for the launch site, measurement and control communications, landing site and other systems are progressing smoothly; the Tiangong-1 target aircraft is operating normally in orbit and is in good condition.

Transported to Jiuquan

On the morning of March 31, 2013, a large transport aircraft carrying the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft departed from Beijing and transported the Shenzhou-10 to the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. This also means The Shenzhou-10 mission has entered the preparation stage. According to the arrangement, Shenzhou 10 will be launched from June to August 2013. Three astronauts will drive the spacecraft to conduct manned rendezvous and docking with the orbiting Tiangong 1. This will be The longest flight time of a spacecraft in the sky, Shenzhou 10 will conduct orbiting and docking for the first time.

After the Shenzhou-10 and Long March 2F Yao-10 rockets entered the site one after another at the end of March 2013, they have completed the main work in the technical area such as final assembly and testing in accordance with the launch test process. After completing propellant filling, the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft is hoisted and docked with the launch vehicle to form a complete assembly. Today, the movable launch platform carrying the assembly slowly drove out of the vertical assembly and testing plant of the manned space launch site, and was safely transferred to the launch tower along the 1,500-meter seamless rail at a speed of no more than 20 meters per minute. [14]

Electrical test completed

On May 6, 2013, the 20-day electrical test of the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft launch site was successfully completed. From April 16, when the entire spacecraft was powered on, to May 6, the Shenzhou 10 spacecraft was powered on and tested for more than 120 hours at the launch site. The test team successfully completed inspections, special tests, and A large amount of data interpretation was carried out, including voice and image inspection of the large loop of heaven and earth, various model simulations, and flight operations. [15]

Merging fairings

Starting from May 27, 2013, the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft and the Chang-2 F rocket launch test team, which are preparing for war at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, began The rocket fairing is closing, which marks that the Shenzhou-10 launch mission has entered a new important node. On the morning of the 27th, under the joint organization of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation’s rocket system and spacecraft system, the two half-hoods were successfully hoisted to the tracks on both sides of the spacecraft.

Subsequently, the two half-shells slowly translated in orbit and docked steadily, completely enveloping the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft.

Mission logo

On the morning of June 3, 2013, the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft and the Long March 2F Yao-10 rocket assembly were launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center Manned Space Launch Site Technology vertical transfer area to the launch area. This marks the official start of the God 10 mission. [2]

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Launch vehicle

On February 25, 2013, testers from the 211 Factory of the First Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and After the designers successfully completed the test of the Chang-2F rocket that launched Shenzhou-10, they reviewed the multimedia records.

This Chang-2 F rocket factory test, from single sub-system test to general inspection test, has 1,237 multimedia records, 1,100 photos, and 286 video clips. The multimedia records are more than those used to launch Shenzhou 9. Changer F rocket has 89 more items. At the same time, Factory 211 focused on recording the moving plugs, moving parts on the arrows, and the data display of ground instruments. It was confirmed that the factory test multimedia recording items of this rocket were complete, the pictures were clear, the operation process was safe and reliable, it met the technical document requirements, and the test was effective.

The Chang-2F rocket that launched Shenzhou-10 has undergone supplementary testing at the end of March. In the follow-up work, Factory 211 systematically sorted out the work items, clarified the work focus, and actively carried out risk identification work to avoid unidentified risk items during loading and shooting range work. At the same time, the factory's process personnel reorganized the process documents and clarified the operating standards; the general assembly personnel clarified their work content, working methods, operating tools and tooling based on the sorted process documents; the testers continued to carry out quantitative control and refined management of the general assembly testing work , to ensure that all subsequent work is carried out steadily.

On May 2, 2013, the Long March 2F carrier rocket used to launch the Shenzhou-10 spacecraft arrived at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center and prepared for various tests at the launch site. [16] On May 6, the Long March 2F rocket completed product status restoration, rocket body handover and other work, and began hoisting. All work was carried out as planned. [15]

Space Station

According to China’s aerospace “three-step” strategy, our country will build its own space home—a space station around 2020. Many technological breakthroughs are required in the early stage of construction, such as environmental control and life support system technology. How to ensure that people can work in the space station for a long time and how to provide physical and psychological support to astronauts are all issues that require continuous demonstration and breakthrough. After the "Shenzhou-10" launches into space, my country will also launch the "Tiangong-2" space laboratory, breaking through the technology of cargo spacecraft to supply materials to the space laboratory. [17]

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When will ordinary people have the opportunity to realize their dream of flying into space? Yang Liwei said that my country's manned space program will not consider launching space tourism projects for the time being

Shenzhou 10 spacecraft (5 photos)

But he also said that with the continuous advancement of technology, it will only be a matter of time before ordinary people realize their dream of flying into space. According to Yang Liwei, the advancement of my country's aerospace technology still aims at breakthroughs in key technologies, such as the realization of manned flight by "Shenzhou 5", the realization of extravehicular activities by "Shenzhou 7", and the realization of manned rendezvous and docking by "Shenzhou 9". The use of resources for space tourism development is not considered for the time being. [17]

Zibo seedlings will ride on the "Shenshi" flying sky

Zibo News Network The "Shenshi" flying sky has attracted worldwide attention. As the "Shenzhou 10" spacecraft is about to take off, major news comes from Shandong Mingdian Garden Co., Ltd. in our city. The colorful leaf seedlings produced by the company will carry the "Shenzhou 10" into space and visit the "Shenzhou 10" spacecraft with the astronauts. Tiangong-1", the small test tubes for breeding seedlings were successfully loaded into the cabin and sealed. This is my country's first spaceflight seedling cultivation experiment of colorful leaf seedlings, filling a domestic gap and another milestone in the field of spaceflight seedlings. Among them, the space flight carries North American crabapple, Norway red maple and other varieties, which is also the first of its kind in the world.

Aerospace nursery is an emerging scientific and technological field in the aerospace industry and is the world's high-tech frontier. To the general public, aerospace technology is mysterious, distant and unfamiliar. Mingdian Garden's colorful leaf seedlings traveled in space on board the "Shenzhou 10", which brought us closer to aerospace technology in one fell swoop. This is the pride of Zibo and Shandong. According to experts, aerospace seedling cultivation mainly uses comprehensive factors such as strong radiation in outer space, microgravity, high vacuum, and ultra-cleanliness to induce genetic mutations in seedlings, and explore and cultivate new varieties of colorful seedlings that cannot be created in the earth's environment and are unprecedented in nature.

According to Zhang Lei, the person in charge of Mingdian Garden, aerospace breeding is extremely strict in screening companies and products. In order to realize the dream of flying into the sky, the company went through more than two years of hard work and finally the dream came true. It is understood that after the successful return of "Shenshi", the colored seedlings will be cultivated on the ground at the company's base to achieve factory production and industrialized operations and fill the market gap in this field. At the same time, patents and "new plant variety rights" will be applied for.