What are the structural characteristics of ancient buildings in Shanxi?

Shanxi Province is located in the west of North China and the east of the Loess Plateau. The ancient buildings preserved on the ground add a glory to Shanxi. The ancient buildings in Shanxi can be described and summarized by two numbers: one is 106, which refers to the number of existing wooden ancient buildings in Shanxi before the 12th century, accounting for 72% of the total existing wooden buildings of the same period in the country. The other one is 18118, which refers to the number of existing ancient buildings in Shanxi, which is also the highest in China. Therefore, the famous architect Professor Liang Sicheng called Shanxi “the treasure house of ancient buildings in the country”.

Structure of ancient buildings in Shanxi

The shape and structure of ancient buildings are determined by the shape of the building itself and the important parts that constitute the building form, such as roofs, beams, columns, doors, windows, walls, etc. It is reflected by components such as the ground.

Roofs in ancient architectural structures in Shanxi

Shanxi has many roof styles, such as Xieshan Peak, Hard Peak, Zanshan Peak, Flat Top, Slope Top, Dome Top, Spire Top, Rolling Top, etc. Shed roof etc. No matter what type of roof shape, it has a graceful and soothing roof curve and an artistic curve that is steep at first and then gently curved. The arc surfaces formed also have different styles. They are not only beautiful but also stressed evenly. They can discharge rain and snow on the roof. also plays a huge role. In particular, the wing angles used at the corners of pointed buildings not only enrich and highlight the perfection of ancient architectural art, but the various ridges on the roof also add a bit of vividness to the roof. Shanxi is located in the Yellow River Basin, so the roofs of different shapes appear more robust and solemn compared with the exquisite and elegant styles in the south.

Beams in the structure of ancient buildings in Shanxi

The ancient buildings in Shanxi are mainly made of wooden structures. They are formed by interpenetrating various main components such as columns and beams. It forms a flexible, diverse, rich and elastic framework. The layering and richness of the internal space of the building are different visual aesthetics produced by the changes in the styles of various beams, which takes its unique artistry to a higher level. Above the pillars and under the eaves, there is a component called a bracket, which is composed of wooden blocks interspersed vertically and horizontally and overlapping layers. It is unique to oriental architecture. It can carry the beams and ceilings between the eaves and the interior of the house, and has a strong decorative effect. Its methods and changes are also quite rich. It further strengthens the individual characteristics of ancient buildings and further enhances the artistic value of Shanxi ancient buildings.

Pillars in Shanxi ancient architectural structures

The necessary components to support the roof and base are pillars, and the visual center of people's observation of the appearance of ancient buildings is also the pillar. Columns are composed of three parts, including capital, column body and column base. The ancients decorated every part of the column according to the characteristics of the building itself and the aesthetic needs of the time. By using various decorative techniques such as color application and carving, shapes with different meanings and shapes are created. The "coiled dragon pillar" in the famous Jinci Notre Dame Hall in Shanxi is a good example.

Doors and windows in ancient architectural structures in Shanxi

According to the shape, doors can be divided into corner gates, flat-head gates, arched rolling gates, roof-type gates, etc. [2]. For example, the top of the roof-type gatehouse is decorated with various auspicious patterns such as birds, animals, figures, flowers and plants, while the lower part has practical and beautiful eaves and drum stones, which form a freely retractable threshold. It is an organic whole, with a thick door or an iron body or studs in the middle, and different types of door knockers have different meanings. The architectural components of the window lattice have extraordinary creativity and flexibility. There are three types of windows in Shanxi ancient buildings: long windows (i.e. partitions), half windows, and leaky windows. Different window lattice realizes different artistic value. The wooden lattice on the ancient window sash is the "lattice". The ancients used to change the pattern of these wooden lattice to express their feelings and express their wishes. At the same time, the environmental atmosphere of the yard was also adjusted. Their existence not only enriched the changes of the wall , and also gives the spatial artistic effect of the wall a sense of separation.

Walls and floors in ancient architectural structures in Shanxi

Most ancient buildings in Shanxi use rectangular blue bricks to build walls. The color of outdoor walls usually uses the color of the bricks themselves. But under special circumstances, some areas will also be painted with some mineral pigments, which can protect and decorate the walls, and the color grade will be relatively high. Painting indoor walls white and painting murals with rich content, profound meanings and bright colors not only beautify the indoor environment, but also protect the walls and provide people with some social and cultural information. It organically combines art and culture, practicality and beauty, thereby further sublimating its artistic value.

Shanxi ancient buildings have superior tourism resource value

The aesthetic value of Shanxi ancient buildings

Shanxi ancient buildings have beautiful forms

Shanxi Ancient buildings have an outstanding advantage in embodying morphological beauty, that is, they have high aesthetic conception and artistic achievements. The morphological beauty and three-dimensionality of Shanxi ancient architectural structures solve the shortcomings of rigid and inflexible shapes of buildings. In addition, Shanxi's ancient buildings have another characteristic in terms of form, which is the changeable shapes and structures of local ancient buildings. It is precisely because of this flexible and beautiful change that constitutes the curvaceous beauty of Shanxi's ancient buildings, giving people a solemn and coordinated look. Beauty. Shanxi's ancient architecture embodies various art forms such as sculpture, painting, poetry, and music.

For example, the gorgeous decoration of traditional houses in Jinzhong, with intricate patterns and different patterns on doors and windows; and the exquisite murals on the wall skirts of ancient cave dwellings. Many wealthy families use exquisite stone or brick carvings as protective walls to decorate, while under the eaves are The beams are interspersed to create the effect of brackets and eaves, which is beautiful.

Shanxi ancient buildings have natural beauty

Any ancient building must have three elements; practicality, solidity, and beauty. There is no fixed model or absolute standard for these three elements, but They are all in harmony with the natural conditions and geographical environment of each place. Shanxi's ancient buildings, whether houses, temples, or government offices, are all composed of several or more buildings surrounded by one or several courtyards to form a complete pattern of a group of buildings. For example, the Pingyao Confucian Temple, located in the southeast corner of Pingyao County, has four courtyards. From south to north, there are Lingxing Gate, Dacheng Gate, Dacheng Hall, and Minglun Hall. The courtyards are connected, and the beams are regular, neat, and solid, so they can It has been perfectly preserved to this day and has become a rare early architectural masterpiece in Jinzhong area.

Shanxi ancient buildings have the beauty of harmony with nature

Architectural art and material structure are harmonious and unified in Shanxi ancient buildings. They create nationalization and modernization for us. The architecture also provides reference and reference for our research in related disciplines.

During the construction process, Shanxi ancient buildings have the characteristics of respecting nature, complying with nature, protecting nature, and living in harmony with nature. The tourism culture protection policy promulgated by our country also attaches great importance to the natural environment of Shanxi's ancient buildings, so that the buildings can be harmoniously integrated with nature and humanity, becoming a beautiful local scenery.

Shanxi ancient architecture has social and economic value

Aesthetic concepts, philosophical thoughts, and patriarchal ethics have had a certain impact on the folk houses of Sanjin. They combined other architectural forms and used regular shapes. The system and architectural style show the unique cultural connotation of its architecture. It has a deeper expression of the nostalgia language of agricultural society and marks the national and historical culture formed under the influence of local economic, social and cultural factors under certain historical conditions. With its excellent residential quality, it has broad tourism market development potential. Among them, the rich humanistic value and diverse historical and cultural characteristics of Shanxi ancient buildings determine that they have important social and economic value and tourism development value.

Shanxi ancient buildings have ecological value

The main residential building of Shanxi farmers is the earthen cave dwelling, which has a long history and can be traced back to 1 million years ago. Over the long years, along with human civilization and social progress, cave dwelling architecture has been continuously improved and developed, and it is still favored by farmers today. At present, there are about 1.8 million cave dwellings in Shanxi Province, and 7 million people live in cave dwellings. Cave dwellings are comfortable all year round and are called "natural air conditioners". In addition, they are also known as "green homes". Cave dwellings can not only protect the ecological environment, but also prevent soil erosion and reduce energy consumption.

Shanxi ancient buildings have special functional value

The soul of tourism is difference. If ancient buildings lose their difference, ancient building tourism resources will not exist. The core of traditional Chinese thought is the thought of etiquette, and Shanxi ancient architecture is one of the forms that carries this cultural thought. Therefore, it pays more attention to creating a traditional humanistic environment, thus forming a unique architectural style. The vast differences in architectural styles between China and foreign countries are the manifestation of this difference. Different building materials and different social functions give Chinese and Western classical architecture different "artistic languages", and it is this language that gives Shanxi ancient architecture It adds a function of inheriting history and culture.

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