About the origin of the Ning family

The surname Ning is the 187th surname in China today. It has a large population, accounting for about 0.05% of the country's Han population. ?

Tracing back to the roots, there are four sources of the surname Ning: 1. After Ning Yu, a doctor of Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period. 2. Comes from the surname Ji. According to "Surname Jijiupian·Annotation" and "Surname Research", King Wen's son Wei Kangshu was succeeded by Wei Chenggong. Chenggong granted his son Ji Yu Ningyi (today's Xiuwu, Henan), and his descendants took the city as their title. (actually contradicting ①, Ning Yu was a loyal minister when Duke Cheng of Wei, it was impossible for Duke Cheng to enfeoff one land to two people, which is inconsistent with the ancient system). 3. Comes from the surname Ying. According to the "Compilation of Yuanhe Surnames", Ning has the same surname as Qin. The great-grandson of Qin Xianggong was posthumously named Ning Gong, and his concubines took his posthumous name as their surname. 4. Coming from another clan with a different surname. The surnames Ningguta and Ningjia of the Eight Banners of Manchuria in the Qing Dynasty were all changed to the surname Ning; today Manchu, Mongolian and other ethnic minorities all have this surname.

The surname was Ning Yu, the ancestor. That is, Ning Wuzi, a native of Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period, and a senior official in Wei Wen Gong and Cheng Gong. Chenggong Wudao was attacked by Jin. He lost his country and went to Chu and Chen, and his death was held by the marquis of Jin. Ning Yu did not avoid hardships and dangers, but dealt with them to protect his body and help his king. Confucius said: "A country with the Way will be wise, but a country without the Way will be foolish. Its wisdom can be reached, but its stupidity cannot be reached." Because Ning Yu was witty, courageous and loyal, later generations named Ning Yu, who gave him the surname Zun Ning Yu.

The surname Ning originated from Ningyi in the Wei Kingdom during the Spring and Autumn Period. Not long after he got the surname, he became famous and famous. Those who appear in the history include Ning Yu (Ning Wuzi) and his son Ning Xiang, Ning Shi ( Ning Huizi) and his sons Ning Xi (Ning Maozi), Ning Su (Ning Zhuangzi), etc. were all officials of Wei. There was also Ning kneeling, the official of Wei who was exiled to Qin. In this way, Ning kneeling's descendants and the descendants of Duke Ning of Qin They merged together in Shaanxi, and Ning Qi served as an official in Qi, and his descendants settled in Shandong. During the Warring States Period, there were King Wei of Zhou Dynasty and Ning Yue from Zhongmu (now in Henan Province) of Zhao State; during the Qin Dynasty, there were Ningchang from Wei (now Linzhang, Hebei Province); Ning Jun from Dongyang (now Tianchang, Anhui Province); and in the Western Han Dynasty, there was Dongpingkang. His father was Ning Shou (now Jining, Shandong), Ning Cheng was a native of Nanyang Rang (now Dengzhou, Henan), Ningji was a native of Youchaoge (now Qixian, Henan) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Ning Shu was a native of Guanghan (now Sichuan). These historical facts show that during the Han Dynasty, the Ning surname was already distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River provinces such as Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, and Shandong, and some people entered southern provinces such as Anhui and Sichuan. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Ning surname flourished in the Jinan area of ??present-day Shandong Province. Therefore, in later generations, some people with the Ning surname used Jinan as their county hall name. Of course, like other Central Plains gentry during this period, some people with the Ning surname fled the chaos and moved southward into present-day Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other provinces. Even Guangxi in the southwest of the motherland also had traces of people with the Ning surname. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, people with the Ning surname appeared more frequently in the annals of history again. This changed the dull situation during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and brought about a new development in the development of the Ning surname. After the Song Dynasty, more and more people with the surname Ning moved southward, and gradually spread to Guangdong and Fujian. In the early Ming Dynasty, the Shanxi Ning surname was one of the surnames of the people who migrated to Hongdong's large locust tree, and was moved to Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Beijing and other places. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, people with Ning surnames from Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin and other places moved to the north of Shanhaiguan to thrive, and some people with Ning surnames from Sichuan and Guangxi moved to Yunnan and Guizhou. After Zhang Xianzhong massacred Sichuan, people with the surname Ning from Hunan and Hubei filled in Sichuan. After the Kangxi and Qianlong years of the Qing Dynasty, the Ning surnames from Shandong, Hebei, and Henan entered Liaoning, Jilin and other places along with the trend of entering Guandong. Ning surnames from the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong moved to Taiwan, Ning surnames from Shanxi moved to Inner Mongolia, and Ning surnames from Shaanxi moved to Gansu. Today, the surname Ning is widely distributed across the country, especially in Jilin, Shaanxi, Hunan, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan and other provinces. The Ning surname in the above six provinces accounts for about 63% of the Han population in the country.

Junwangtang No. During the long-term reproduction and migration process of the Ning surname, the main counties formed are: Jinan County - established in the Han Dynasty. The administrative seat was Dongpingling (the old city is in the west of Zhangqiu, Shandong today), and the Jin Dynasty moved it to Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). Its jurisdiction is similar to Jinan, Zhangqiu, Jiyang and Zouping in present-day Shandong Province.

Town names: "Jinan", "Kuanlian", "Jieyi", etc. ?

Clan Characteristics 1. Ning is a man of many talents. As early as the pre-Qin period, his celebrities have appeared in the annals of history. 2. There are two ways of writing Ning in the ancient style. One is Ning, who is a concubine of Duke Ning of Qin, and the other is Ning, who is after Uncle Kangshu of Wei. However, if we trace their origins, they are all descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and they are all simplified to Ning, so people with the surname Ning don’t need to distinguish each other. 3. Ning Qi, a native of Wei, who was once the minister of Qi, the song he used to impress Duke Huan of Qi can be said to be an earlier poem in ancient times. The song says: "The white rocks of Nanshan are rotten, and half of the carp's blood is in them. I will not meet Yao and Shun in my life... When will the long night end."

Celebrity Essence Ning Qi: A native of Wei, Spring and Autumn Period At that time, he was a doctor of Qi State. His talent was not recognized, so he hid among merchants and stayed outside the east gate of Qi. When Duke Huan was out, he was feeding cattle, knocking his horns and singing. When Duke Huan heard about it, he disagreed and made plans for Guan Zhong. Guan Zhong recommended him to Duke Huan based on his expertise, and he was appointed as Datian (agricultural officer), and later as a doctor. Ningcheng: A native of Nanyang Rang (now Dengzhou, Henan), a cruel official in the Western Han Dynasty. He was greedy, violent and cruel. When Emperor Wu was in office, he was freed from crime and returned home. He rose again as Guan Duwei. People say: "Ning Chengzhi is like a wolf shepherding sheep." Ning Chun: a native of Qinjiang, Qinzhou (now part of Guangxi), an official in the Tang Dynasty. The world is handsome. His father was Ningxuan, who was the prefect of Hepu during the Sui Dynasty. Tang Gaozu Wudezhong returned to Tang Dynasty. After his father died, Yichun became the governor of Yuezhou. He was good at caring for people and could teach his clan members with poems and books. He changed the folk customs and moved to Hezhou. Ning Geng: A native of Poyang (now Boyang, Jiangxi), an official in the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Xizong of Guangming raised troops from Huangchao, but Geng and his younger brother Ninggun united the local soldiers to resist the attack and guard Rao and She prefectures. Official to censor doctor. Ning Tao: A native of Huayin, Huazhou (now part of Shaanxi), he was a painter of the Song Dynasty.

He was good at painting and had a wide range of teachers. He painted many Guanyou landscapes and was known for their elegance. Ning Zhi: A native of Quwo, Jiangzhou (now part of Shanxi), a scholar of the Northern Song Dynasty. Pay tribute to Jinshi from the countryside. He was proficient in the Five Classics and taught Jin Jiang. His virtues and knowledge are the most important thing of the times. Ning Shifeng: A native of Fuliang, Raozhou (now part of Jiangxi), an official in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was born as a Jinshi and served as the chief official of Qichun. When the Jin soldiers arrived, everyone was frightened. Only Shi Feng made an impassioned speech and died in the disaster. Ning Yu: A native of Heyang, Mengzhou (now Mengxian County, Henan), a general in the Yuan Dynasty. He was a man of extraordinary physical strength. His ancestors had meritorious service in crossing the river, and he was awarded this title to hundreds of men. Later, he attacked Xiangfan and destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty. He was appointed as the marshal of the capital of western Zhejiang and tens of thousands of households along the coast. Ning Zheng: A native of Shouzhou, Fengyang Prefecture (now part of Anhui), a general in the early Ming Dynasty. Calm and courageous, he followed Zhu Yuanzhang in conquering all directions, and settled tens of thousands of hectares of farmland. He had enough soldiers and farmers, and accumulated merits to command the envoys in Sichuan, and later defended Yunnan. Ning Qin: A native of Hengyang, Huguang (now part of Hunan), an official in the Ming Dynasty. During the Zhengde period, he was the censor and admonished Emperor Wuzong for his southern tour. He also informed Prince Geji of the fishery tax and decided on the system of horse delivery and reduced the number of taxes levied. Ning Wanwo: A native of Liaoyang, Liaoning Province, a minister in the early Qing Dynasty. Tian Mingjian surrendered to Hou Jin Dynasty and was subordinated to Zhenghong Banner of the Han Army. Huang Taiji was awarded the rank of participating general. Later, he helped the people of the Ming Dynasty, advocated imitating the Ming Dynasty, visited six ministries and spoke to officials, and proposed strategies to destroy the Ming Dynasty, all of which were adopted. From the time of Shunzhi, he became a bachelor and the president of "History of the Ming Dynasty". Ning Tiaoyuan: a native of Liling, Hunan, a modern bourgeois revolutionary and poet. While staying in Japan, he joined the Tongmenghui. After the founding of the Republic of China, he served as the general manager of Guangdong Sanfo Railway. Later, he was killed by Yuan Shikai for participating in the second revolution. There is "Taiyi's Suicide Note".

As human surnames, Ning and Ning have always been the same. Although some people strictly divide them into two surnames, most people confuse them together. When writing, Ning and Ning are not distinguished. Even the greatest history book "Historical Records" is no exception.

So, in essence, are they two different surnames with different shapes, or are they a family with no difference at all? The surname Ning is pronounced with four tones, and the surname Ning is pronounced with two tones. To understand this issue, we must first read this passage recorded in "A Study of Surnames": "Ning, after Wei Kangshu, Chenggong gathered food in Ning during his birth season, took Yi as his surname, and looked out to Qi County. With Ningtong, Han Ningcheng, "Historical Records" wrote Ningcheng."

From this passage, it seems that the two surnames Ning and Ning were indeed born from the same father and from the same mother. Regardless of each other, they are lumped together. In other words, the children of this family can write their surname as "Ning", or they can write it as "Ning" more easily.

This surname, which can be written in two ways, is clearly described in "A Study of Surnames" and comes from the Wei State in the Spring and Autumn Period. In other words, they originated in the Hebei and Henan areas two to three thousand years ago and are an ancient family lineage with a long history. Their ancestor, Uncle Kang, was the half-brother of King Wu of Zhou. Among the many descendants of King Wen of Zhou who were ennobled as princes at that time, he was outstanding. After Duke Zhou killed the rebellious Wu Geng, he governed the remnants of the Yin Dynasty. Everyone is happy. Later, he was promoted to Sikou by his nephew King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty, and his brilliance was extraordinary.

However, among the Ning and Ning surnames that are indistinguishable from each other, there is another branch of the Ning surname. That is why some scholars in the past advocated that these two surnames should be strictly distinguished and should not be confused. According to research, the second branch of the Ning family is the descendant of the famous Qin Shihuang, that is, the descendant of the ancient Emperor Zhuanxu with the surname Ying. This fact is recorded in "Singing Compilation" and "Jijiupian": "The Ning family and the Qin family With the same surname, the great-grandson of Qin Xianggong was posthumously named Ning Gong, and his concubines took that surname."

This school of thought is reasonable. On the surface, it seems that the two families of Ning and Ning should be strictly divided. However, if we trace it further, Zhuanxu, the ancestor of the Ying surname, was King Wen of Zhou, the father of Huangdi's great-grandson Wei Kangshu, and was also a descendant of Huangdi's Ji surname. Since the surnames Ji and Ying are both derived from the Yellow Emperor, it is obvious that although the Ning family has two water sources, they are both born from the same father. Therefore, it seems that Ning and Ning need not worry about writing.

The Ning family, which is generally recognized as originating from the Wei Kingdom 3000 years ago, was outstanding and extraordinary in the Spring and Autumn Period. The two Weiguo people at that time, Ning Yu and Ning Qi, were both remarkable historical figures who have long been admired.

Ning Yu, the famous Wei Wuzi, was a great official of the Wei Kingdom at that time. He was wise and loyal. When Duke Wen of Wei was righteous, nothing happened. But when Duke Cheng of Wei was ungrateful, nothing happened. Avoiding hardships and dangers was highly praised by Confucius as "a country with the Way will be wise, and a country without the Way will be foolish. Its wisdom can be reached, but its stupidity cannot be reached."

Ning Qi was a Weiguo native in the early Spring and Autumn Period. , merchants and merchants who do not cultivate virtue live outside the east gate of Qi State. One day, Duke Huan of Qi, who was the first to dominate the princes, went out at night and heard him singing about eating an ox and buckling its horns. From the lyrics, he knew his virtues, so he ordered Guan Zhong to worship him as the minister of Qi. He behaved really wisely, and later he also He further succeeded Guan Zhong as Prime Minister of Qi, and his name will be remembered throughout the ages.

The other branch of the Ning family originated from Mongolia. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolian general Mangge Timur supported his troops in the southern expedition. Because his family was Changdewei in Hunan, he was a prominent official for several generations. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Ning family in Changde moved to Ningxiang, Changsha and Xiaochang, Hubei.