In the 30 years of reform and opening up, Shanxi's traffic has changed from a "bottleneck" to a thoroughfare.

Over the past 30 years, the national economy has developed steadily, people's living standards have improved rapidly, and the economic and social outlook has undergone profound changes. This period is also the fastest development stage of Shanxi's transportation industry. Through demand pull, technological progress and institutional innovation, it has achieved leap-forward development and made great achievements in infrastructure scale and transportation supply capacity. By the end of 2007, the highway mileage reached 654.38+0.2 million kilometers, including 654.38+0.893 kilometers in expressway. The operating mileage of the railway reaches 25 12km, including electrified mileage1229 km; There are more than 60 civil aviation routes and more than 50 navigable cities, and air transportation has made great progress. In recent 10 years, the average annual growth rate of passenger and cargo transportation turnover completed by Shanxi transportation industry reached 7.4% and 7.6% respectively, and great achievements were made in railway, highway and civil aviation construction, which laid a solid foundation for the economic take-off of the whole province and even the whole country.

1. Revenue from highway construction is 3,000 yuan.

After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of the policy of "adjustment, reform, rectification and improvement" of the national economy, Shanxi's highway traffic work has developed rapidly. However, since 1980s, due to the increase of coal production and social material transportation, the contradiction of lagging transportation has become more and more prominent. 1980, of the province's 2726 1 km, the fourth-class roads and peripheral roads account for more than 77%. By 1983, only 60% of the mileage in the province has been paved, 1 1 km is dirt road,11county has no oil road, 1240 townships have no roads. The daily traffic volume of many trunk highways exceeds the design standard by several times and ten times. Expressway, a key city leading to Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Henan and other neighboring provinces, is often blocked because of its small traffic capacity. For example, the road is too old, "there is a small traffic jam every day, and there is also a big traffic jam in 369". The longest traffic jam lasted for seven days and seven nights, which attracted the attention of international public opinion. Other exit routes are mostly low-grade highways or broken roads. Backward transportation has become one of the main constraints in the construction of energy and heavy chemical industry bases. On the one hand, a large backlog of Shanxi coal and other materials are shipped abroad. Only 1983, there are more than 30 million tons of coal to be transported in the whole province, and many coal mines spontaneously combust and are washed away by floods. On the other hand, the urgent demand for Shanxi coal in all parts of the country can not be effectively solved. Facing the grim reality, the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government are determined to break the semi-closed state of highway traffic in the whole province, at the same time, strengthen the construction of trunk lines and county and township highways in the province, open up exports outside the province, and plan to build Shanxi coal transportation and marketing roads 10. Since then, Shanxi highway traffic has entered a new stage of all-round development around the construction of energy and heavy chemical base.

During the Sixth Five-Year Plan period, new highways141km, 5 bridges16, high and sub-high grade pavements 1200 km, 7 county oil roads and 75 township roads 175 were built. Newly built four Shanxi coal transportation highways from Datong to Sunqizhuang, Yangquan Baimaoling to Imperial Capital, Jincheng to Dakou and Jincheng to Zhanglukou, with a total length of 248 kilometers.

During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period, the infrastructure investment was completed165438+35 million yuan, and the new highway mileage in the province was 2022 kilometers, with a total mileage of 30784 kilometers. Eight highways have been built for transportation outside Shanxi coal province, including Shunshun to Dongping ditch, Xue Cun to Du Shan, Lingchuan to Xiuwu, Yuanping to Changchengling, Changzhi to Xia Huan, Zuo Quan to Shexian, Jincheng Jinxin Fangwa to Henan Guanghua, and Changzhi Yincheng to Huguan. Datong-Yuncheng Highway, which was listed as a national key highway project in the Seventh Five-Year Plan, has a total length of 737 kilometers and was successfully completed and opened to traffic on September 28th 1990, which created favorable conditions for easing traffic tension and speeding up the development and utilization of Shanxi coal resources. There are 9 new oil-connected counties in the province, which has realized the oil-connected roads in the counties of the province.

During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, the province's highway mileage reached 33,644 kilometers, an increase of 2,859 kilometers compared with the end of the Seventh Five-Year Plan, and the highway density reached 2 1.53 kilometers per 100 square kilometers. The mileage of highway grades reaches 29,506 kilometers, 4,303 kilometers of high-grade highways above Grade II, and 94 kilometers of expressway. From 1992 to 1995, the province raised highway construction funds of13.2 billion yuan, with a total investment of 3.6 times that of 1983- 1992 and 10. The national and provincial second-class highways were widened 16330 km, newly built 16330 km, rebuilt186 km, built oil roads and cement roads 10468 km, and built 37845 km of village roads, which were respectively 10 years ago.

During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, the province's total investment in highway construction was 33.8 billion yuan, with 2 1764 km of newly opened highways, 50 18 km of newly-built high-grade highways above the second grade, 424 km of newly-built expressway and 4954 km of newly-built high-grade highways. After the first expressway-Taijiu expressway Line 1996 was opened to traffic, a number of roads and bridges with national influence were built in the province. Among them, Wusu Interchange Hub won the "Luban Award" of the National Architectural Engineering Quality Award, and the Jinjiao Danhe expressway Extra Large Stone Arch Bridge won the "Best in the World". By the end of 2000, the highway mileage of the whole province reached 55,408 kilometers, and that of expressway reached 5 18 kilometers, and the highway density increased from 2 1.5 kilometers/100 square kilometers at the end of the Eighth Five-Year Plan to 35.4 kilometers/100 square kilometers. The province has achieved the strategic goal of "connecting towns with oil, roads and motor vehicles in administrative villages" three years ahead of schedule, with 8 1.7% of towns and 43.5% of administrative villages connected with oil and 94% of administrative villages connected with roads. The technical level and access depth of highways in the province have been further improved.

During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the province's transportation continued to maintain rapid development for five years. Under the leadership of the provincial party committee and government, with Scientific Outlook on Development as the leader and the adjustment of road network structure and transportation structure as the main line, the "four major projects" of "three-hour expressway", county-level highway reconstruction, village-to-village oil road and village-to-village cement road were vigorously implemented. In the past five years, the investment in highway construction in the province has reached 70 billion yuan, which is 2. 1 times of that in the ninth five-year plan period, accounting for 12% of the total investment in fixed assets in the province during the tenth five-year plan period. New highway mileage 14 155km, expressway mileage 1 168km. By the end of 2005, the province's highway mileage reached 69,563 kilometers, and the highway density reached 44.5 kilometers/100 square kilometers. Among them, expressway 1.686 km, ranking ninth in the country; High-grade highways above Grade II reach 14283 km, ranking eighth in the country. The mileage of newly rebuilt rural cement roads and oil roads in Shanxi Province accounts for nearly 1/3 of the total mileage of rural oil roads and cement roads built in the same period in China. 0/00% of towns and 80% of villages in the whole province/KLOC are basically connected with cement (oil) roads. At the same time, vigorously promote the rural passenger transport network, and successively built 105 township bus stop, 1797 rural bus shelter, 1 1534 hello stop sign. 0/00% of townships and 83.6% of established villages in the province/KLOC have access to buses, and 30 counties and cities have achieved coordinated urban and rural development.

Over the past 30 years, Shanxi * * * has invested 654.38+055.85 billion yuan in the highway industry, accounting for 9.89% of the total fixed investment of the whole society. Especially from 654.38+0998 to 2007, the investment in highway fixed assets reached 65.438+035.67 billion yuan, more than 6.7 times that of the previous 20 years, which made the transportation industry develop rapidly. By the end of 2007, the province's highway mileage reached 1 19869 km, 4.4 times that of 1980, and the average mileage per 100 square kilometers increased from 1980 to 76.7 times, an increase of 3.4 times. With the appearance of graded highways, expressway has developed rapidly from scratch. By the end of 2007, the province had built graded highways107102km, which was 6.2 times higher than 1980, with an average annual growth of11. Among the graded highways, expressway and the first-class highways have grown from scratch, reaching1.893km and1.265km respectively. In particular, the completion of expressway, which was too old, too long and too long during the Jin and Universiade, had a great impact on Shanxi's economic construction and a strong driving force, and also profoundly affected all aspects of Shanxi's social and economic life. At the same time, remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of other grades of highways. By the end of 2007, the second-class highway 12628 km, the third-class highway 16365 km and the fourth-class highway 7495 1 km had been built in the whole province. In recent years, county and township highways have developed very rapidly, and traffic congestion has basically improved. By the end of 2007, among the 1 19869 km highways, the national highways and provincial highways were 4,364 km and 9,328 km, respectively, increasing by 56% and 48% compared with 1980, while the county and township highways were as high as 105474 km, accounting for the total mileage. Among them, county road 18 104 km, township road 4 1045 km and village road 46324 km. The whole province 1 195 townships (towns) are all connected with oil. Of the 2865438000 administrative villages in the province, 28072 have access to highways, accounting for 99.9% of the total. Among them, 23,789 roads are connected with oil roads, accounting for 84.7% of all roads. Roads and oil roads in villages and towns have played a decisive role in the development of rural economy, and the situation of rural traffic congestion has become history.

Car ownership and passenger and freight volume have doubled. Thirty years ago, influenced by the development of national economy, the number of civilian cars was very limited. Only a few walking tractors and freight trucks are crawling on narrow roads, and some places even use large trucks to carry passengers. In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, with the rapid development of the national economy, the number of cars has doubled and the volume of passenger and cargo transportation has soared. By the end of 2007, the number of civilian vehicles in the province was 6.5438+0.4433 million (excluding 290,000 three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed trucks), which was 32 times higher than that of 6.5438+0.978, with an average annual growth rate of 6.5438+0.27%, including 387,000 trucks and 6.5438+0.28 million trucks respectively. The number of cars per 100 kilometers of highway has increased from 143.2 in 1978 to 1447. 1 vehicle, an increase of 9. 1 times. Due to the large increase in the number of civilian cars, the traffic volume and turnover of road goods and passengers have also increased rapidly. By the end of 2007, the transportation volume and turnover of road goods in the whole province were 820 million tons and 42.75 billion tons/km, respectively, which were 2 times and 37 times higher than 1978, with an average annual growth rate of 9.2% and 13.4%. Passenger traffic and turnover were 400 million passengers and 20.7 billion person-kilometers, respectively, which were 5.7 times and 6.8 times higher than 1978, with average annual growth of 10.2% and 10.4%. With the continuous development of highway construction and the increasing number of civilian cars, the phenomena of difficult transportation, difficult riding and difficult riding in people's lives 30 years ago or even 20 years ago have all disappeared.

Second, the railway transportation performance is brilliant.

As a heavy chemical energy base in China, Shanxi's railway transportation plays an important role in the whole province and even the whole country. After years of construction, the skeleton of Shanxi railway network has been initially formed, which has effectively promoted the economic development of Shanxi Province and even the whole country.

Since the reform and opening up, the state and the province have invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources in railway construction, which has made the railway transportation industry in Shanxi develop by leaps and bounds, and the transportation facilities have been continuously increased and improved, and the transportation capacity has been significantly improved. China Railway has successively completed the reconstruction project of Huang Shuo Railway, the second extension line from Taiyuan in the north, the reconstruction project of Xinhe Branch Line, the connecting line from New Riverside to Dongye, and the second extension line from Houma to Dongzhen in the south, and completed the capacity expansion and reconstruction projects of 200 million tons of Daqin Line, 654.38 billion tons of Houyue Line and South Tongpu Line. Taizhongyin Railway and Zhunshuo Railway are under construction. The local railways have successively built Xiaoliu, Wumo, Ningjing, Qinqin and Yang She railways, and started construction of Gewa Railway. By the end of 2007, the operating mileage of railways in the whole province had reached 2,784 kilometers, including 25 12 kilometers for national railways and 272 kilometers for local railways. Every 100 square kilometers of railway 1.78 kilometers, an increase of 35.3% over 1978. In particular, Shanxi local railways are distributed in poor mountainous areas and old revolutionary areas. The construction of local railways has played an extremely important role in getting rid of poverty and getting rich at an early date in poor mountainous areas and revitalizing Shanxi's economy.

Railway transportation maintained a rapid growth momentum. By the end of 2007, the freight volume of railway departments in the whole province reached 600 million tons, 5.5 times higher than that of 1978, and the freight turnover reached1185.6 million ton-km, 5.6 times higher than that of 1978. In terms of passenger transport, the railway sector has made brilliant achievements for the development of the national economy and the convenience of people's lives for many years. When people encounter problems such as snowstorms and floods in long-distance transportation such as business trips, tourism, visiting relatives and friends, the railway department always stands in the front line. The number of railway passengers has greatly increased year by year. Although the rapid development of highway industry in recent years has greatly eased the shortage of railway capacity, the number of passengers sent remains high. In 2007, the railway passenger traffic of the whole province reached more than 41.8200, which was double that of 1.978. Passenger turnover reached 65.438+0.225 billion person-kilometers, four times higher than 654.38+0.978.

Shanxi 1978 transported 76.23 million tons of coal to all parts of the country by railway, 1988178.46 million tons, 1998 215.34 million tons, reaching 527.3 million tons in 2007. Compared with 1978, it increased by102.23 million tons,139107 million tons and 45 107 million tons, respectively, increasing by 1.34 times and/kloc. Shanxi railway transportation has made great contributions to the economic construction of all parts of the country.

Railway facilities have been significantly improved, and the number of locomotives and buses has increased year by year. 1978, there were only 442 locomotives and 49 passenger cars in the railway system of the whole province, most of which were steam locomotives and most of which were hard-seat cars. By 1988, the number of locomotives increased to 675, and the number of buses increased to 942. By 1998, the number of locomotives increased to 828, and the number of buses increased to 1478. By the end of 2007, there were locomotives 143 1 set, 2.2 times more than 1978, in which diesel locomotives and electric locomotives accounted for an absolute proportion, increasing from 5.7% of 1978 to 100%. Compared with 1978, the locomotive type has made a qualitative leap. 1978, steam locomotives powered by coal were the absolute main part of locomotives, accounting for 94.3% of the total number of locomotives, and now they have all been replaced by internal heat locomotives and electric locomotives. The transportation efficiency has been greatly improved, and the daily output of freight locomotives has increased from 588,000 tons km in 1978 to1429,000 tons km. The number of railway passenger cars is 1656, which is 2.4 times that of 1978. More than half of them are soft-sleeper, hard-sleeper and soft-seat cars, and the proportion has increased from 1 1.2% in 0978 to 44.7%. Since the 1990s, the running speed of passenger cars has increased six times, and the running speed of passenger cars has reached 53.4 kilometers per hour, which is 25.2 kilometers higher than that of 1978, which is 28.2 kilometers per hour.

Third, the aviation industry is booming.

Aviation plays a very important role in national economic construction. Thirty years ago, Shanxi's aviation industry was very backward. The narrow Taiyuan airport has poor facilities, low capacity and limited air cargo and passengers. 1978, the passenger volume of Taiyuan Airport was less than 20,000, the passenger turnover was only 5.08 million person kilometers, the freight volume was only 900 tons, and the cargo turnover was only 770,000 tons kilometers. Such transportation conditions and capacity have seriously restricted the economic development of Shanxi. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, with the further deepening of reform and opening up, the provincial party committee and government formulated a series of policies to adjust the industrial structure according to the actual situation in Shanxi. While vigorously grasping highway construction, they also made great efforts to grasp Shanxi's aviation industry, and all the work has achieved gratifying results, especially the airport construction has achieved leap-forward development.

Airport construction has expanded rapidly. Airport construction is a leading project to revitalize Shanxi's economy and adjust industrial structure, a key infrastructure project to develop tourism and promote urban economic development, and a bridge project for Shanxi's opening to the outside world. By the end of 2007, Shanxi had four airports (Taiyuan Wusu Airport, Changzhi Airport, Yuncheng Guangong Airport and Datong Airport), with more than 60 routes and about 50 navigable cities, basically forming an air transport network with Taiyuan as the center radiating the whole country. Taiyuan Wusu Airport is an international alternate airport for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. In 2006, the state and Shanxi Province invested about 654.38+0.5 billion yuan to expand Taiyuan Wusu Airport. The reconstruction and expansion project mainly consists of four parts: flight area, terminal area, air traffic control system and aviation fuel system. After the reconstruction and expansion of Taiyuan Wusu Airport, it has a large scale, beautiful appearance and remarkable improvement in aviation facilities. The existing runway will be extended and the aircraft that can take off and land will be upgraded from the current Boeing 747 to Boeing 767. At the same time, the flight level will be upgraded from the current 4D level to 4E level. A 50,000-square-meter terminal building and its supporting facilities will be built in the terminal area, and the existing old terminal building will be reconstructed. By then, the new and old terminals will be integrated into one, forming a large waiting area with an area of nearly 60,000 square meters, which greatly facilitates the waiting needs of passengers. Through the reconstruction and expansion of this airport, by 20 15, it can fully meet the needs of airport passenger throughput of 6 million passengers, cargo transportation throughput of 654.38+10,000 tons, 2500 passengers during peak hours and 30 flights during peak hours. The Civil Aviation Administration of China requires that the reconstruction and expansion project of Taiyuan Airport must adhere to the principle of "one-time design and step-by-step implementation", moderately advance, design with high standards and build with high quality to ensure that it will not lag behind for at least 20 years. At present, the newly-built 55,000-square-meter terminal was completed and put into use at the end of August 2008. Changzhi Airport was officially put into use in September 2003. In 2004, ILS and GP/DME equipment (radio automatic navigation system) of 0 1 runway were installed in the airport, which reduced the visibility of take-off and landing aircraft in Changzhi Airport from 2,400 meters to 800 meters, which was equivalent to the flight conditions of Taiyuan Airport and reached the national 4C standard. It marks that the punctuality rate of flights in and out of Changzhi has been fundamentally guaranteed, and flight delays have basically become history, creating a good travel environment for flights in and out of Changzhi. At present, there are five flights to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Datong and Chengdu. Yuncheng Guangong Airport is a 3C-level regional tourist airport approved by the General Staff and the National Development and Reform Commission, and it is a key project in Shanxi Province during the Tenth Five-Year Plan. The airport covers an area of 2,900 mu, with a total investment of 230 million yuan and a runway length of 2,400 meters. Boeing 737 series aircraft can take off and land in various models, with an annual design capacity of 220,000 passengers. The airport reconstruction and expansion project started in May 2002, and the main project was completed in June 2004165438+1October. It made its maiden voyage on February 8, 2005. At present, there are 7 flights to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Chengdu and Taiyuan. Datong Airport is an important part of scaa regional airport construction network, the second largest civil airport in Shanxi, and a provincial and municipal key project, which is an important measure for Datong to adjust its industrial structure and improve its urban functions. National, provincial and municipal leaders pay special attention to the construction of Datong Airport. After four years' efforts, since the construction started on July 30th, 20001year and the navigation was realized on February 25th, 2005, all the construction tasks and the industry acceptance of civil aviation professional engineering have finally been completed. It can take off and land medium-sized passenger planes such as Boeing 737. At present, there are 7 flights to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Xi, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Haikou and Changzhi. As a base of energy and heavy chemical industry, Datong has established a strategy of "three excellent and three places" with the goals of "famous city, resources and location" and "processing, tourism and commerce" in order to get out of a single coal economic structure. The opening of Datong Airport has made great efforts to enlarge and strengthen the tourism industry, open up air passages, further open up to the outside world, promote trade through tourism, seek cooperation through tourism, and revitalize the ancient city. The opening of Datong Airport has promoted the economic development of Datong.

With the acceleration of airport construction, the traffic volume keeps growing at a high speed. Focusing on economic benefits, Shanxi Airlines actively organized production and business activities and achieved good business performance. By the end of 2007, the passenger transport volume reached 4.055 million person-times, the passenger turnover volume was 4.42 billion person-kilometers, the cargo transport volume was 42,700 tons, and the cargo turnover volume was 44.33 million ton-kilometers, which were 203 times, 870 times, 47 times and 57 times higher than 1978 respectively. With the deepening of reform and opening up and the gradual improvement of Shanxi's investment environment, Shanxi's aviation industry will further develop and Shanxi Airlines will become an increasingly important transportation channel.