What are the resource problems in China and the world? (With typical examples)

Fifty days before the Global Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) is about to open, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) pointed out in a report called "Living Planet" in 2002: "By 2030, The environment for human survival and development will decline unless humans reduce their use of the natural resources the earth can provide from now on. ”

This report states that human beings’ current predatory use of the earth’s resources has already begun. 20% is more than the planet can sustain, and this number continues to increase every year. Projections based on population growth, economic development and technological innovation show that by 2050, humans will consume 180% to 220% of the earth's biological growth capacity. According to the report, this means that unless governments take corresponding measures immediately, by 2030, indices represented by life expectancy, educational attainment and the world economy will show that human social welfare will decline.

“In fact, we live on a planet rich in resources, but they are not inexhaustible. This fact is of great significance to all heads of state participating in this Global Sustainable Development Summit "It's all a challenge," said Dr. Claudy Martin, Director General of WWF. "To solve the basic resources for human survival and improve the health and lives of the world's poorest people, we must maintain intact natural ecosystems. Without ensuring the integrity of these ecosystems, we will never be able to guarantee a reasonable standard of living for the majority of the world's population."

According to the report, the Earth has 11.4 billion hectares of usable land and oceans, in other words. , each of the 6 billion people in the world has 1.9 hectares of available land. Each person’s global ecological impact – or consumption of natural resources – amounts to 2.3 hectares. However, in 1999, the ecological impact of each African or Asian was less than 1.4 hectares, compared with about 5.0 hectares in Western Europe and 9.6 hectares in North America.

At the same time, looking at the Living Earth Index based on the development trends of hundreds of species of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and fish, it can be clearly seen that current human consumption The pressure is unbearable. Over the past 30 years, the Earth Index has decreased by 35%. Among them, freshwater fish are particularly prominent, with 195 species living in rivers and wetland ecosystems declining by 54%, 217 species in the ocean declining by 35%, and 282 species living in forests declining by 15%.

WWF is convinced that if the government can solve some key issues, some of these negative development trends will be reversed, thereby prompting mankind to return to the path of sustainable development. This includes improving the efficiency of resource use required to produce products and provide services, especially replacing fossil fuel energy supply, promoting energy-saving technologies, improving building and transportation systems; encouraging reasonable and sustainable consumption patterns, and protecting and restoring natural ecology. system to maintain its biological productivity and diversity.

"Currently we are unable to determine the consequences of such a huge overdraft of the earth's resources. But one thing is clear, that is, it is better for us to control our own destiny rather than to be at the mercy of fate. ". Johnathan Lu, author of the Living Planet report, said, “At the Global Sustainable Development Summit, heads of state will have the opportunity to address the root causes that hinder sustainable development so that we can embark on the path to truly sustainable development. ”

The United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development was held in Johannesburg, South Africa from August 26 to September 4, 2002. The summit was held from September 2 to 4, including 104 heads of state. Representatives from 192 countries, including heads of government, attended the conference. The meeting finally adopted two basic documents, the Implementation Plan and the Political Declaration. This is another widely influential conference after the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. It shows that mankind has taken another step forward on the road to achieving sustainable development.

Not long before this, international scholars from the National Academy of Sciences issued a report stating that humans are excessively consuming the earth’s resources and need to set up a “buffer zone” on the earth to reduce resource consumption and protect other animals. biological and ecological environment. In the report, they translated humanity's demands on the environment into how much Earth we need to produce food and other goods, as well as accommodate waste. The report has evaluated human consumption of resources year by year since 1961, that is, based on human resource consumption and the amount of waste generated, how much area of ??the earth is needed to maintain current human activities. This report shows that in 1961, humans used 70% of the earth’s biosphere resources; in 1999, this proportion increased to 120%. In other words, by 1999, humans will actually need the resources of 1.2 Earths to maintain current human social activities. The report also believes that humans have begun to overdraw the resources of the earth's biosphere in the 1980s.

Arctic scientific expeditions are becoming popular

Sixteen scientists from China's Yilit Mulin scientific expedition team went to the Arctic for scientific expeditions on July 25, 2002, and returned home in early September.

In more than a month, the scientific expedition team established a temporary base for Arctic scientific expeditions in Longyearbyen, the capital of Svalbard. They conducted a large number of scientific expeditions in four fields: atmosphere, geology, plants, and glaciers, and achieved fruitful results. . This is the largest scientific expedition conducted by Chinese scientists on the Arctic land. So, what expeditions and research are scientists doing in the Arctic now?

One of the important contributions of Antarctic geological research is to further confirm continental drift. But in the Arctic, what exactly the process of continental drift has gone through is still an unknown question. Because the central Arctic region is an ocean, the origin of this ocean is closely related to the land in adjacent areas, so scientists are studying and understanding the geodynamic processes of the Arctic plate movement in the past and present. Based on these studies, we will be able to know the plate movements and geography of the ancient Northern Hemisphere, as well as what the ancient environment looked like.

In geological research, the most important data and information are obtained from rock specimens. So far, scientists have collected hundreds of rock specimens from different areas of the Arctic Ocean, only four of which contain sediments from cold climate conditions. These specimens show that 40 million years ago, at least parts of the Arctic were quite warm. Since rock specimens store information about climate change, we can also learn about the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment through geological research.

In recent years, Arctic geology has explored a way to use lake sediments to study the ancient climate and environment here. Scientists selected some lakes around the Arctic Ocean that had been intruded by seawater before and were later closed to drill and extract underground sediments. Scientists can provide reliable basis for the study of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment by sampling and analyzing such sediments. Chinese scientists have already started research in this area and have achieved certain results. In addition, another important feature of the Arctic is that there are permafrost zones hundreds of meters deep on land and shallow seas, which also store important information about climate change.

Carbon dioxide and methane free in the atmosphere are the main gases causing the greenhouse effect, and the Arctic plays an extremely important role in this regard. People used to think that the Arctic was a huge reservoir for absorbing carbon dioxide. This was because plants turned carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into their own organisms (carbohydrates) through photosynthesis; when they were eaten by animals, they turned into of animal organisms. However, due to the low temperatures in the Arctic, it is difficult for animal and plant corpses to decay, and a large amount of carbon is stored, like a large warehouse. But recent research by scientists shows that in the Arctic, due to rising temperatures, carbon dioxide released from the ground is increasing rapidly, exceeding the carbon dioxide required for increased plant growth, turning the Arctic from a carbon storage to a A continuous source of carbon dioxide is supplied to the atmosphere, which has the potential to greatly accelerate the earth's greenhouse effect.

The air in the Arctic has always been considered pure. It looks particularly fresh and the sky is particularly blue. But now scientists have discovered that the Arctic atmosphere has begun to become polluted. Scientists used aircraft to track and observe, and learned that some industrial smoke and dust drifted to the Arctic along with atmospheric convection. This is Arctic smog. Scientific research shows that if there is more and more smog in the Arctic, it may greatly enhance the greenhouse effect in the Arctic region, and may also form acid snow or acid rain, which will pose a serious threat to the ecology of the northern hemisphere and even the world. Another threat from the Arctic is the ozone hole. The ozone hole in the Arctic is not as obvious as in the Antarctic, but it still exists.

The Arctic Ocean is the only ocean on Earth located in the center of the polar regions. Other oceans only have water, and water is the only medium in the ocean. Therefore, the energy exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean is conducted directly between water and air. But in the Arctic, there is a layer of solid ice between water and air, which greatly changes the energy exchange pattern between the atmosphere and the ocean, thus affecting and restricting the global atmospheric convection and ocean circulation systems. This is determines global climate change to a large extent. Scientists observe and study the formation, development, change and movement of the Arctic Ocean ice cap, as well as the vertical exchange of mass, power and energy between the ice and the ocean, and can predict climate and environmental changes around the world, especially in the Northern Hemisphere.

Because there are a large number of indigenous residents in the Arctic, some countries have also conducted some sociological and humanistic research and inspections in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions to study human behavior in the polar environment and due to the rapid development of society. The changes in people's psychology caused by development include human body science, sociology, anthropology and culture, art, politics and economy.

Wetlands: The "Kidney of the Earth" is calling

February 2 is "World Wetlands Day". In 2002, the Chinese government presented a precious gift to the earth - the Fourteen wetlands covering an area of ??1.96 million hectares were approved to be included in the list of internationally important wetlands, effective on January 11, 2002. So far, the number of internationally important wetlands in China has increased to 21, with a total area of ??3.03 million hectares.

The newly added internationally important wetlands are distributed in 8 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), including Dalai Lake and Ordos Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia, Zhanjiang Mangrove Nature Reserve in Guangdong, Sanjiang and Heilongjiang, Honghe and Xingkai Lake Nature Reserves, South Dongting Lake, West Dongting Lake, and Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve benefit the protection of rare species such as Dalian harbor seals in Liaoning, green sea turtles in Huidonggang in Guangdong, and Dafeng elk in Jiangsu.

Wetlands refer to swamps, peatlands and water areas, including rivers, lakes, tidal flats, reservoirs, rice fields and sea areas where the water depth is more than 6 meters at low tide. Along with forests and oceans, wetlands are considered important life-support systems on Earth. Wetlands are the birthplace of biodiversity, with countless species of plants and numerous species of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates dependent on them for their survival. Wetlands are known as natural water reservoirs on land. They play an irreplaceable role in resisting floods, slowing runoff, storing floods and preventing droughts, degrading pollution, and regulating climate. Wetlands are one of the most productive ecosystems in the world due to their vast hydrological and elemental circulation functions. While exerting huge ecological functions, it also provides a variety of resources for human production and life, such as food, meat, fish, medicinal materials, energy and various industrial raw materials. Wetlands also have very rich landscape and cultural values. The continuation and development of world civilization are closely related to wetlands. The comprehensive benefits and multiple functions of wetlands have long been an important condition for my country's social progress and economic development. From the fact that wetlands are known as the "Kidneys of the Earth", "The Cradle of Life" and "The Birthplace of Civilization", it is clear that the importance of wetlands goes far beyond their significance as habitats for a variety of endangered animals and plants. The wetland ecosystem is not only the carrier for us to inherit green civilization, but also an important factor in improving the ecological environment and achieving sustainable economic and social development.

China is the country with the most complete types, largest number and largest area of ??wetlands in Asia. It has a total wetland area of ??66 million hectares, accounting for 1/10 of the total wetland area in the world, ranking 4th in the world. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the birthplace of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers that gave birth to the Chinese nation, is not only the water tower of China, but also the water tower of Asia; Dongting Lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River gathers 95% of the world's white cranes; Guangdong Huidong Turtle Nature Reserve is home to 16 turtles in the world One of the protected areas. All nature reserves listed as world important wetlands are among the world's most precious assets.

However, since humans entered the civilized era, large areas of wetlands and biodiversity have been destroyed. Like developed countries in the world, our country's wetlands and their biodiversity are under widespread threat and destruction due to the pressure of economic development and population growth. The protection of wetlands and biodiversity has become urgent.

In order to protect these wetlands, the Chinese government has made unremitting efforts. As early as 1992, after China joined the "World Ramsar Convention", it began to carry out a large-scale wetland protection movement. In 2000, 16 ministries and commissions jointly issued the "China Wetland Protection Action Plan" and in 2001 launched the "Wildlife Protection Action Plan". and some wetland projects in the "Nature Reserve Construction Project". So far, there are 310 wetland-type protected areas in China, protecting nearly 16 million hectares of natural wetlands, accounting for about 1/4 of China's total wetland area. In the next 10 years, the Chinese government will invest 10 billion yuan in wetland protection and restoration. And carry out 48 demonstration projects in the Sanjiangyuan region, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Sanjiang Plain, the Songnen Plain and the source of the Nenjiang River, plateau lakes, Lancang River Basin, coastal and mangrove distribution areas; and build 160 more in key wetland ecosystem type areas across the country. Wetland type nature reserves bring the total area to 20 million hectares. At the same time, 242 new wetland monitoring stations were built to form a wetland monitoring system and strengthen scientific research on wetland protection.

If afforestation is to repair the "lungs" of the earth, and protecting wetlands is to nourish the "kidneys" of the earth, then among the six major projects implemented by China's forestry industry in the new era, afforestation and wetlands are As one of the priorities of our work, conservation is doing great things to benefit mankind and the world. In 2010, China will give the earth a more precious gift.

Exploring the "Golden Nail" to solve the mystery of the mass extinction of life on earth

In 2002, my country's authoritative geological experts conducted field investigations on the "Golden Nail" section in Huangnitang, Changshan County, Zhejiang Province At that time, a new set of fossils of a biota dominated by brachiopods located roughly at the base of the Silurian System was discovered. As a result, there is a new interpretation of the geological evolution history of the Jiangnan region of my country.

In January 1997, the International Federation of Geological Science and Technology confirmed that the Huangnitang section in Changshan County was the boundary stratotype section of the Darivilian stage in the Ordovician. The standard stratigraphic section, known as the "golden nail", is a geological section with the most complete stratigraphic development, the richest biological fossil content, and the highest degree of research at the beginning of the geological era. It is not only an important symbol for identifying different periods and levels of geological time, but also a geological model and comparison standard for conducting geoscience research and developing earth resources. The Ordovician System was the first important historical period when biological diversity appeared on Earth since there were living materials. The previous "golden nail" profiles were basically "nailed" in European countries.

From December 25 to 27, 2002, more than 10 geological experts from the Nanjing Institute of Paleontology and Geology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and other units were collecting and studying the Huangnitang "Golden Nail" paleontological fossils in Changshan. , discovered this set of biota fossils. In the past, geological experts generally believed that during the Late Ordovician-Silurian period (about 400 million years ago), the Jiangnan area was a mainly shallow sea. Rong Jiayu, chairman of the Silurian Branch of the International Commission on Stratigraphy and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that during the Late Ordovician period, a crustal movement occurred in the Jiangnan area, which caused the strata in Changshan and its surrounding areas to be uplifted and became a coastal environment close to land, which is different from the Adjacent areas therefore have very unique stratigraphic paleontological sequences. This discovery changed the geological evolution history of the Jiangnan region.

According to a report by Xinhua News Agency in Nanning on April 5, 2002, Chinese and foreign experts who were conducting field investigations on the Penglaitan section, which has attracted the attention of the international stratigraphy community, in Laibin County, Guangxi, said that this stratigraphic section has complete and rich Various fossils, with clear boundaries and layers, are expected to become an international standard section for dividing stratigraphic ages, that is, the "golden nail". Studying it will help solve the mystery of a mass extinction of life on earth 250 million years ago.

The expert team led by Shen Shuzhong, a professor at the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Sam Baoling, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, conducted their investigation at the bank of the Hongshui River. It was the dry season. A stratigraphic section more than 10 meters high is exposed on the slope.

The Penglaitan section discovered in the 1930s, like the Meishan section in Changxing, Zhejiang, has become the "Mecca" of the international stratigraphy community in recent years. Experts say that this section has such a complete biostratigraphic sequence, which is rare in the Permian (300 million to 250 million years ago) strata around the world.

According to reports, stratigraphy and paleontological fossils are the main basis for scientists to classify the age of the earth’s strata. However, there are great differences in stratigraphy and fossil groups in various places. In order to have a unified standard for stratigraphic division and comparison around the world, we must find a stratigraphic section with the most complete stratigraphic exposure, the most types of fossils, and the clearest dividing lines as an international standard. profile. Once the standard section is determined, it is like a "golden nail" nailed on an iron plate, becoming a standard that cannot be easily changed.

"A series of studies conducted by Chinese and foreign scientists on the Penglaitan Section in recent years have shown that the Penglaitan Section is expected to become a new 'golden nail' after the Meishan Section," said deputy director of the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Researcher Cao Changqun said: "Currently, the Penglaitan section has been identified as an international standard candidate section by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. This inspection is mainly to collect samples for further research and demonstration, so as to provide updates for its final determination as the official 'golden nail' ”

Cao Changqun said that the Penglai section records rich geological information, and its study will help solve the mystery of the mass extinction of life on earth 250 million years ago, and will also contribute to the study of geology and paleontology. There's important meaning.

According to reports, there was a mass extinction event on the earth 250 million years ago that was greater than the extinction of the dinosaurs. 90% of marine life and 70% of terrestrial life disappeared. Jin Yu, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and a professor at the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, studied the Meishan section and proposed that the mass extinction event was not a gradual extinction or staged extinction as previously understood, but a sudden disaster event. His paper was published in the American "Science" magazine in 2000, posing a challenge to Darwin's traditional evolution theory of "survival of the fittest".

Both the Penglaitan section and the Meishan section are from the end of the Permian. The study of the Penglai section will contribute to further research on this point of view.

The "dumb strata" of the Yangtze River Delta have spoken

The late Quaternary paleosol layer of the Yangtze River Delta, which has always been considered a "dumb stratum" in biostratigraphy, finally "spoke" in 2002 "my country's geological researchers have successfully analyzed relatively abundant sporopollen and algae fossils from this formation, which has important reference value for the study of the controversial origin of this formation.

According to Professor Wu Guo, deputy director of the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology of the Ministry of Education at Tongji University, who led the research, biological fossils are the "bookmarks" of the earth, which can faithfully record every page of the earth's vicissitudes of evolution. In biostratigraphy, strata with poor biological fossils are often called "dumb strata".

In the late Quaternary strata formed 25,000 to 12,000 years ago in the Yangtze River Delta, there are a number of dark green and yellow-brown hard clay layers with distinctive characteristics and stable distribution. In the Yangtze River Delta Among the soft soil foundations in the alluvial plain, this layer is a rare supporting layer for urban building foundations in the Yangtze River Delta region, and the paleoenvironmental information it contains is something people have always wanted to get. Therefore, this layer has become a hot research topic for domestic and foreign scholars in recent years. .

Although many researchers have studied this ancient soil layer in different locations, using different techniques, and from different angles, its origin has always been controversial. The focus of the debate is that these ancient soil layers The paleoenvironment when the pedogenic parent material was deposited. One view is hydrogenic sedimentation, which believes that this ancient soil layer was deposited after rivers or lakes dried up; the other view is aeolian sedimentation, which believes that the sediments of this ancient soil layer came from wind dust in northwest China. or derivatives of continental shelf desertification.

One of the important reasons for these debates is that there is a paucity of biological fossils in this ancient soil layer. People have not found any meaningful combination of sporopollen and algae fossils in it, which is not enough to distinguish the ancient soil. The depositional environment and vegetation type during the formation period of the layer, and a clear explanation of its origin.

Researchers from Tongji University drilled holes more than 30 meters underground in Caoyang New Village, Putuo District, Shanghai, and took out some samples of the late Quaternary ancient soil layer. They used novel acid treatment and screening technology to combine the samples. Through the sample processing method, relatively abundant sporopollen and algae fossils were obtained from these samples, thus providing conclusive biological fossil evidence for the study of the formation environment of the ancient soil layer in the Yangtze River Delta region. "Science Bulletin", an authoritative publication sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, published a paper related to this research.

According to researchers from the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology of the Ministry of Education at Tongji University, the sporopollen and algae samples from the Caoyang borehole profile belong to 55 families and genera, among which sporopollen includes those of terrestrial plants. The pollen of aquatic herbs and algae are all phytoplankton. Because phytoplankton lives in water, algae fossils preserved in sediments are reliable fossil markers that reflect the sedimentary environment.

Among the fossil assemblages of pollen and algae, the freshwater algae - Ringed algae is the most abundant, and two high and low occurrences of Ringed algae and terrestrial herbaceous plant pollen were found in the ancient soil layer. Changes, this shows that the Caoyang area experienced two floods and two recessions at that time. During the flood period, freshwater algae flourished in the sedimentary area, while during the flood period, terrestrial plants developed on the exposed land.

In addition, scientific researchers also found marine dinoflagellate algae in most samples of the ancient soil layer of the Caoyang borehole. Although the content is not high, it has important indicative significance for the depositional environment at that time. Researchers believe that the ancient soil parent material was affected by seawater during the deposition process, which may indicate that the ancient soil parent material was deposited at a stage when the sea level was relatively high during regression.

The above research results all show that the formation of the late Quaternary paleosol layer in the Yangtze River Delta was mainly affected by water flow. However, some experts who hold the view of "aeolian sedimentation" believe that the study of just one borehole Samples are not convincing. Currently, researchers at Tongji University are further expanding the scope of research and plan to continue research in Qingpu, Pudong and surrounding areas of Shanghai.

The Ancient Tea Horse Road: Awakening History in the Dust

For thousands of years, there has been an ancient channel for Sino-Tibetan exchanges between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the mainland of the motherland. The highest and most dangerous ancient road known in the world for the spread of civilization and culture is an ancient road that was completely stepped on by the feet of humans and horses and paved with flesh and blood. The caravans followed this rugged ancient post road. , constantly carrying tea, sugar, salt and other daily necessities to Tibetan areas, and exchanging horses, cattle, sheep and furs from Tibetan areas. Therefore, experts call this ancient Sino-Tibetan road the "Ancient Tea-Horse Road". It is a grand garden of national culture, a grand corridor for ethnic migration, and a historical witness of the great unity of the Chinese nation. On this ancient road that stretches for more than 4,000 kilometers, there is the Beiye culture of the Dai people in Xishuangbanna, the fire culture on the altar of the Yi people, the main culture of the Bai people, the Dongba culture of the Naxi people, and the snowy culture of the Tibetan people... …The cultures of various ethnic groups meet, integrate, and develop on this ancient road, and they are endlessly prosperous. It is also a channel for cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries, building a bridge between Chinese civilization and Indian civilization. The Hengduan Mountains and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that the Ancient Tea Horse Road passes through are also areas with the most complex geography and richest biodiversity in my country, and are of extremely high scientific investigation value.

In its long history, the Ancient Tea Horse Road has formed two main routes. One starts from the tea-producing areas of Xishuangbanna and Simao in present-day Yunnan, and goes northwest through Dali, Lijiang, and Diqing in present-day Yunnan. Tibet's Qamdo and Nyingchi to Lhasa, and then southward via Lhasa to Myanmar, Nepal and India respectively; the other starts from present-day Ya'an, Sichuan, and passes through Luding, Kangding, Litang, Batang, Qamdo, Lhasa and other places to reach Nepal, Nepal, and India. India.

Like the "Silk Road", the Ancient Tea-Horse Road once played an important role in the development history of the Chinese nation. However, with the cleansing of modern civilization, this ancient road has gradually been lost in the dust of history. In recent years, the booming tourism industry in Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet has awakened people's memory of this ancient cultural and civilization transmission channel.

It is difficult for people to see the whole picture of this mysterious ancient road. How does the Ancient Tea Horse Road go? Where does it pass today? What kind of access roads are there outside the main road? …It’s all so confusing.

More than 100 years ago, many French and German missionaries worked tirelessly and went through many hardships to preach here in this ancient plateau of northwest Yunnan. Their footprints once traveled all over the northwest Yunnan plateau. Will there be any records left about the Ancient Tea Horse Road?

Female scholar Guo Suqin, who is passionate about the study of "Shangri-La" and the Ancient Tea Horse Road, accidentally discovered a complete route map of the Ancient Tea Horse Road leading to the hinterland of "Shangri-La" in Deqin County, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan. The map was printed in the Gazette "Geographical Society" published in Paris, France, in 1875. More than 150 years ago, an explorer named Francois Badarjean broke into "Shangri-La" to travel.

He entered the northwestern Yunnan Plateau from India, followed the rugged Tea Horse Road, and visited Badong, Baidi, Yezhi, Cigu, Deqin, Weixi, Zhongdian, Gongshan and other places, recording detailed and precious stories. Examine memoirs and draw beautiful maps.

This is a very important discovery. It is not only the only complete map of the Ancient Tea Horse Road discovered so far, but also has rare historical value for the study of the Ancient Tea Horse Road. The discovery of this old map more than a hundred years ago strongly supports the researchers' speculation. The attached line of the Yunnan-Tibet Tea Horse Road starts from Dali, passes through Liuku, passes through Cigu and along the Dulong River without crossing the hinterland of Tibet, and can directly enter India.

In June 2002, experts and scholars from scientific research institutes such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Sichuan University, Yunnan University, Sun Yat-sen University, Southwest University for Nationalities, China Tibetology Research Center, etc., came from Yunnan Di Starting from Qingzang Autonomous Prefecture and Ya'an, Sichuan, we conducted two inspections of the world-famous Tea Horse Road. This is the first comprehensive scientific investigation of the Ancient Tea Horse Road in my country.

Relevant experts said that the biggest feature of the "Ancient Tea Horse Road" is its diffusion. Therefore, the "Ancient Tea Horse Road" is very grand in terms of time and space. "No one can tell how many branches it has. It can only be described as 'as dense as a spider web'."

Expert research shows that the scope of the "Ancient Tea Horse Road" in China mainly includes Yunnan. The three major regions of China, Tibet and Sichuan can extend to Guangxi, Guizhou and other provinces, while abroad it can directly reach India, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos and Thailand in Southeast Asia, and further involves South Asia and Southwest Asia. , some countries in Southeast Asia. The scientific expedition team conducted an on-site survey of a section of the ancient post road from Zhongdian to Dongba Baishuitai in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, and confirmed that this is another important route of the "Ancient Tea Horse Road", that is, going straight from Baishuitai to Tiger Leaping Gorge, and then from Lijiang Shigu goes up the Jinsha River to Ludian, crosses the Lidiping Snow Mountain Pass to Weixi City, then goes up the Lancang River to Yanwa, then splits into two roads, crosses the Lancang River all the way over Biluo Snow Mountain, and then enters the Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan. In Myanmar, another road continues up the Lancang River from Yanwa, crossing the river at Yanmen Valley in Deqin and crossing the Prince Snow Mountain to Tibet and India. “With the deepening of investigation and research, more ‘Ancient Tea Horse Road’ will be discovered.”

Experts are convinced of this.