How to develop tourist attractions?

Main problems in tourism resource development: Limited resources are facing pressure from rapid market expansion. However, redundant construction and blind and extensive development have aggravated the imbalance between resource supply and demand; resource development has shifted from cultural landscape resources to natural ecological resources, and the protection and development of resources have become a pair of intractable contradictions; the development of urban construction and tourism has also been affected by the "two sides". This leads to the waste of non-renewable cultural and ecological resources; the rapid growth of the tourism economy coexists with the rigid and outdated system, the development mechanism needs to be transformed, and the management level needs to be improved. This article attempts to address these issues and take Zhuhai City as an example to explore the correct ways to rationally develop, protect and utilize tourism resources.

1. Principles of tourism resource development and layout of scenic spots

As the only national scenic tourist area named after an entire city in the country, Zhuhai is undergoing a large-scale development of tourism resources, that is, tourism Great expansion of environmental capacity. In this regard, how should we determine the direction, content, level, and depth of expansion to achieve both connotative improvement and denotative expansion? What issues should we pay attention to during the expansion process? In my opinion, the following principles should be followed:

(1) The principle of distinctiveness. Characteristics are differences. Distinctive characteristics are the vitality of tourism resources. Only features will attract attention. The tourism economy itself is an attention economy. We must pay attention to the differences between tourist attractions and reflect the characteristics that no one has and I have. The essence of developing and utilizing tourism resources is to find, explore and utilize the characteristics of tourism resources. Developed tourism resources should not only maintain their original characteristics, but also make their original characteristics more distinctive, innovative and developed. It is absolutely necessary to avoid the development of tourism resources that damage the original characteristics. to destruction.

(2) ***Principle of nature. It is the direct relationship between this tourism project and another tourism project. Tourism projects are projects with strong externalities, including positive and negative externalities. The so-called positive externality means that tourism projects are compatible, complementary, and coordinated. After seeing this scenic spot, there is a desire to visit another scenic spot. The so-called negative externality means that tourism projects are incompatible and similar, rather than showing a form of cooperation. The nature of tourism resources includes the nature of nature between natural resources and natural resources, between natural resources and cultural resources, and between cultural resources and cultural resources. Different tourism projects have different natures. The phenomena are different. For example, exhibition halls, hotels, shopping malls, transportation facilities, natural attractions, and man-made attractions are closely related to each other. Therefore, attention should be paid to the coordination of various tourist attractions within a certain small area.

(3) Networking principles. Tourism is an expanded network, a natural network. Regarding the development of Zhuhai's tourism industry, we often emphasize the need for a Greater Pearl River Delta concept and the need to leverage the advantages of tourism resources in the Pearl River Delta cities. In fact, if a place has a unique tourist highlight, even if it is artificially blocked, tourists will still travel thousands of miles to visit and do everything possible to solve problems such as poor roads and inconvenient accommodation and food. The key question now is whether our tourist attractions have formed a bright spot, whether they have formed a network, and whether the tourist attractions in various places have complementary effects in a large region. Judging from the actual tourism situation in Zhuhai, there are the following three networks.

The first is the small network, that is, the large-scale expansion of tourist attractions in central urban areas. We must consider the unique nature of the scenic spots and emphasize the exploration of connotations, including the implementation of large-scale tourism development in the west and east of the urban area, focusing on the development and construction of Tangjiawan Ancient Village and Town Cultural Tourism Scenic Spots (including the original Tangjia Old Town, ** Paradise, Qi'ao Baishi Street, Jinding Huitong Village, etc., Zhuhai International Racing, Pearl Paradise and other tourism resources also need to be integrated), modern education, science and technology cultural tourist attractions (including University Park, Southern Software Park, Science and Technology Innovation Coast, etc.) and Nanwan New Tourism Area (including Nanping Science and Technology Industrial Park Industrial Tour, Beishan Yang Ancestral Hall, Wan Chai Flower Park, Seafood and Dried Goods Market Shopping Tour, etc.), Hengqin Specialty Tourist Area.

The second is China Network. That is, "two districts and one island", namely the tourism development of Doumen District, Jinwan District and East District Islands. The Baiteng Lake tourist area in Doumen District has mature supporting facilities; the Royal Hot Spring has also become famous at home and abroad; the Huangyangshan-Jintai Temple tourist area is being improved; and ecological agricultural tourism needs to be further developed. Although Jinwan District was established only a short time ago, tourism development has also shown good momentum. The Amazon Tropical Style Park is off to a promising start; Pingsha Hot Spring has been renovated with investment from Hong Kong China Travel Service; Flying Beach is gradually attracting tourists like crucian carp crossing the river; the 30-kilometer-long Zhuhai-Hong Kong Avenue not only connects new industrial parks, but also Connecting new tourist areas one after another... However, the current tourist route arrangement in the entire Greater Western District is still one-way and does not form a loop. We should change the "U"-shaped structure composed of Zhugang Avenue, Huxin Road, and Huangyang Avenue into an "O"-shaped structure, so that they form a small closed loop with each other, integrating the landscapes such as lakes and mountains, temples and hot springs, port beaches, etc. The cultural landscape and urban landscape are connected in series and then radiate outward. The development of islands in the Eastern District needs to be intensified. Judging from the currently developed Dongao Island, Guishan Island, Wanshan Island and Wailingding Island, problems such as insufficient infrastructure, water and electricity supply, transportation, and pollution need to be solved, the development of tourism projects needs to be explored, and the protection of animal and plant resources needs to be strengthened. . In particular, we must take advantage of the opportunity provided by the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge to strengthen cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao to form a characteristic tourism loop in the Pearl River Estuary.

The third is the big network, which is the connection of the entire Greater Pearl River Delta tourism resources into a network. We must maximize the use of other people's resources to make up for our own shortcomings, integrate local resources with foreign resources, and learn from each other's strengths. The tourism resources of Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Pearl and Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao can be fully integrated. The Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Zhuhai Ten Thousand Food Tour launched earlier this year is a good start.

From the above point of view, in order to realize the uniqueness, uniqueness and network of tourist attractions, the construction of its own core attractions is very important. However, many of our tourist attractions currently suffer from low-level duplication of construction. The key is that there are problems with the ideas, design concepts and development subjects of attraction expansion. From a design perspective, the development of natural resources not only requires uniqueness, but also emphasizes the cultural connotation of resource development. As the saying goes, if the mountain is not high, the immortal will be famous; if the water is not deep, the dragon will be spiritual. The same is true for scenic spots. If the scenery is not big, it will be prosperous if it has cultural connotation, and it will prosper if it has national and local characteristics. If there is no culture in the development of small-scale natural scenic spots, it will lose its connotation and will not make people linger. The low level of construction of some tourist attractions is mainly reflected in this aspect. As far as cultural landscapes go, theme parks are the most repetitive. Why is the development level too low and not complementary? The point is that many theme park cultural archetypes are wrong. There are complementarities between historical culture, religious culture, national culture, and fantasy culture (amusement parks). Some are extensions, some are conversions, and some are contrasts. If the relationship between them is not handled well, it will be difficult to achieve the goal of scenic spot planning. Reality.

2. Tourism resource development and protection model

Another direction of expansion of Zhuhai tourist attractions should be from cities to rural areas, which is in line with the general trend of human beings returning to nature. In this process, we must vigorously develop eco-tourism and properly handle the relationship between the development and protection of natural resources. There are four models for dealing with this relationship; and three major issues should be paid attention to when developing eco-tourism.

(1) Model selection for tourism resource development and protection

1. Protection for the sake of protection. This is negative and has been denied by practice. Protection for the sake of protection is the responsibility of the cultural relics department, not the purpose of local government, especially not the purpose of tourism.

2. Development for development. This is blind and represents the consciousness of small farmers. Just like farmers raising pigs or fish in rivers in water towns, they raise them and sell them for personal benefit, while ignoring the pollution caused to water bodies. In other places, very nice landscape areas are turned into cemeteries, and they can be sold to collect some money. They do not consider environmental benefits and sustainable development at all. In fact, they are destroying the cornucopia to beg for food.

3. Developed for protection. If the landscape is unique, unique and non-renewable, it must be developed through conservation. The Baiteng Lake area is both a swamp and not completely a wetland. It has the characteristics of a combination of natural and artificial ponds. The existence of such a piece of land in Zhuhai city is very rare. Here, cultural landscapes and natural landscapes, ecological benefits and economic benefits can be completely unified. This is also difficult to find in the entire Chinese city. Landscapes like Baiteng Lake Water Town are unique, unique, and non-renewable. If they are destroyed, they cannot be restored. For such tourism resources, the development cannot be monopolized by one company. It must be monopolized by the government. Under the guidance of high starting point planning, the development should be carried out in stages with the company as the main body.

The main bodies of tourism resource development can be divided into three categories: First, development is carried out entirely with enterprises as the main body. Second, the government and enterprises engage in monopolistic development. Like Venice, the roads and bridges in Baiteng Lake Water Town will be built mainly by enterprises. The right to operate small cruise ships is monopolized by the government and auctioned to companies for operation. The third is to be developed entirely by the government. Such as the reconstruction of ancient villages in urban areas and the protection of water bodies. Important tourism resources should adopt the latter two development models.

4. Protection for development. For example, the stone carvings on Shixi Mountain and the cliff carvings on Gaolan Island can only be protected through development. You can choose to develop with enterprises as the main body under the premise of strict government planning. After some projects are planned, the 30-year management rights of the projects can be publicly auctioned, and state-owned assets can be maximized, and it is a one-time income. The development and management rights of the above-mentioned stone carvings and East District Island projects can be sold at very high prices if they are held at public auction, and then the owners can attract investment on their own and carefully plan the development. This is the government’s monopoly on project ownership and deregulation of management rights.

When the project management rights are put up for public auction, two targets should be set: who has the most development capabilities and who has the best development plan. The first bid is judged by auction and the second bid is judged by expert panel vote. Unify these two objectives and finally determine the development unit.

If we protect it for development, we must stop the development of the "stone economy", "silt economy", alpine vegetables, and wood processing, and turn the lush hills into scabies. This is a disservice to natural resources. Great damage. These low-level and destructive developments must be stopped and structural adjustments must be made.