Where does Yuan Lin belong?

Yuan Lin is a national AA-level tourist attraction and a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Yuan Lin, also known as Yuan Shikai’s Tomb and Yuan Gonglin, was built in June 1916 and completed in June 1918. It covers an area of ??more than 90,000 square meters. He was a famous military and political figure in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. A large-scale tomb of Yuan Shikai, the first president of the Republic of China, and his wife Yu, with a combination of Chinese and Western styles.

Yuanlin is located in Taipingzhuang on the north bank of Huanshui River on Shengli Road, Beiguan District, Anyang City, Henan Province today. It faces Huanshui River to the south, Hanling Mausoleum to the north, Imperial Road to the east, and Beijing-Guangzhou to the west.

In accordance with the layout of the Ming and Qing mausoleums, the mausoleum adopts a combination of Chinese and Western construction techniques, with Chinese classical traditional forms as the body and Western architectural styles as the use. The ancient and modern coexist with different styles. It is an innovation in my country's mausoleum architecture. For example, it has a special status in the history of mausoleum architecture in my country, and the current architectural pattern is basically well preserved.

Yuan Lin was announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Henan Province by the Henan Provincial People's Government on November 21, 1982. It was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council on March 5, 2013. In January 2015, it was Anyang Municipal Tourism Bureau announced it as a national AA-level tourist attraction.

Yuan Lin was built with funds from the government of the Republic of China from 1916 to 1918, covering an area of ??nearly 139 acres (approximately 92,713 square meters) and costing about 720,000 yuan.

The Yuan Lin complex is modeled after the imperial mausoleums of the Ming and Qing dynasties, but is slightly smaller in scale. The Yuan family tomb is modeled after the tomb of Grant, the 18th President of the United States, near the river. It is covered with cement on the inside and built on the outside. The unique European style of the stone wall. Buildings such as the screen wall, archway, stele pavilion, east and west auxiliary halls, Jingren Hall, tomb platform, etc. are distributed with Shinto as the central axis. The layout is rigorous and well-proportioned. They not only inherit the traditional architectural regulations of my country, but also absorb the style of Western architecture, forming a Chinese and Western style. The architectural features of the cemetery are harmonious and different in style. Yuan Lin is now a national key cultural relic protection unit and one of the few remaining official-style buildings in Henan Province.

Yuan Lin takes Shinto as the central axis, stretching two kilometers from north to south. The huge screen wall is the southernmost point of the entire Yuan Lin. The inside of the screen wall is fully decorated with brick carving patterns. It is exquisite, solemn and elegant. It is the largest and most exquisitely decorated screen wall in the country.

Bypassing the screen wall, going north along the Shinto Road, crossing the rough stone bridge and the blue and white stone bridge, another large building by Yuan Lin, the archway, comes into view. Different from traditional wood and stone structures, Yuan Lin's archway is built with iron-reinforced cement stones, which is extremely rare in the history of Chinese mausoleum architecture. In order to build this mausoleum, the Beiyang government imported a large amount of cement from Japan. Today, this tall archway with six columns and five floors towering into the sky occupies the center of the Shinto. And on the top of each of its pillars is a mythical beast with a wide mouth and its face upward - Wangtianhou, which adds a bit of mystery, majesty and commanding power to this building.

On both sides of the archway, white marble pillars and stone statues face each other far away. The pillar is the symbol of Yuan Lin's mausoleum. It is one foot and five feet high and stands on the base. The six sides of the column are fully decorated with patterns. The pattern on it is called "Zhang". Because there are twelve kinds in total, it is called "Twelve Chapter Pattern". The twelve-chapter pattern is a traditional Chinese emperor-specific pattern. It is centered on Fu Fu and is surrounded by different patterns such as the sun, moon, stars, and dragons. After being carved by the skillful hands of stonemasons, they all form a rare piece. A masterpiece of relief sculpture.

The civil and military figures on both sides of the Shinto best reflect the characteristics of Yuan Lin's era. They are life-size and slightly fat, and they are exactly the costumes worn during Yuan Shikai's reign. The civil servants wore flat crowns on their heads and wore great ceremonial robes, standing solemnly with their sleeves and hands, with a respectful expression; the military attachés wore Beiyang military uniforms, tied with belts around their waists, and held pistols in their hands, with a majestic expression, and were guarding Yuan Lin. This literary and military work has distinctive characteristics of the times, which not only reflects the aesthetic concepts of the people at that time, but also fully embodies the etiquette style of Yuan Shikai's period.

The Stele Pavilion is one of the more important buildings in Yuanlin. It is three rooms wide, and inside the pavilion lies a huge stone sculpture called __. Legend has it that the dragon gave birth to nine sons, each with his own interests. One of them, __, liked to bear heavy loads, so people arranged for him to carry the monument. On this 5.5-meter-high tombstone, several dragons are carved, soaring in the clouds, showing the unusual identity of the owner of the tomb. On the front of the tombstone is engraved "The Tomb of President Yuan Gong Shikai" in nine vigorous and upright Duankai characters, which was written by Xu Shichang, Yuan Shikai's friend.

After turning around the stele pavilion, we came to the front of the hall. The hall is the most important place for Yuan Lin to hold sacrificial activities. The main gate of the hall is a single-eaves roof-mounted building, covered with green glazed tiles, and is three rooms wide. On each door panel of the hall door, there are seven horizontal and seven vertical rows of copper door nails. They not only decorate the facade, but more importantly reflect a strict hierarchy, indicating that although its owner is older than The emperor in the Forbidden City is one level lower, but he is a dignified figure below one person and above ten thousand people.

After passing the gate, you enter the hall. The hall is a group of courtyard-style buildings, consisting of Jingrentang and the east and west side halls. Jingrentang is in the middle, which was the place where Yuan Shikai was worshiped. The interior is equipped with an offering table, a memorial tablet and Yuan Shikai's clothes and sword belt. The east and west side halls are used as resting places for other senior officials, and the furnishings are relatively simple. In the center of the Shinto in the courtyard, there used to be a wind-milled copper cauldron on display. Unfortunately, it was lost before liberation, leaving only a white marble base.

Go through the courtyard and reach Yuan Shikai’s tomb. When I came here, my eyes suddenly opened up. This place was completely different from the previous scene, with a European style.

The large Roman-style pillars, the large iron gate made of dark iron, and the tomb made of bluestone form a sharp contrast with the previous buildings. The large iron gate in front of the tomb is in the shape of a "mountain", made of muddy iron, and inlaid between the double white stone columns of a Western colonnade. There is an octagonal badge on the upper end of the iron gate. The center of the badge is still the twelve chapters, repeatedly emphasizing the unique identity of the tomb owner. The tomb is circular in shape and is raised by three steps. There are twelve stone lions carved around it, which further shows its majesty.

So, how was Yuan Shikai’s tomb built? According to records, it was a tomb raised on the ground. Just like we usually build a house, the foundation was laid first and then the tomb was built. The tomb is divided into two parts: left and right. The left tomb is used to bury Yuan Shikai, while the right tomb is reserved for his first wife, Yu. For the purpose of protection, a layer of reinforced concrete with a thickness of more than one meter was added outside the brick tomb as an outer frame, so it is very strong. It is said that at that time, the entire tomb area was surrounded by Li Zhai, with canals filled with water outside the village. The dense shade of pines, cypresses, plums and locust trees in the village blocked the sun. It was indeed a beautiful place in the flat Huanshang area.

In October 1952, Mao Zedong visited Yuan Lin for inspection. After visiting with great interest, he gave instructions to protect Yuan Lin and use it as a negative teaching material to educate future generations. In the blink of an eye, China changed its look, and the People's Museum was built on the former barren tomb, becoming a palace of knowledge. The newly renovated houses display the civilization of the Yin and Shang dynasties, show the ups and downs of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, and record the ups and downs of today. Friends from - come here to listen to the nation's lost history, feel the bitter humiliation, and recall the splendid glory. Looking back on the past and looking forward to tomorrow, patriotism and national pride arise spontaneously. After careful reflection, you will be able to enjoy the quiet comfort and elegant joy while being excited. Yuan Lin, the former presidential cemetery has also glowed with new glory, reflecting the hardworking, kind and unyielding self-improvement of the Chinese people.

Architectural Features

Yuan Lin followed the pattern of Ming and Qing mausoleums, using a combination of Chinese and Western construction techniques, taking Chinese classical traditional forms as the body and Western architectural styles as the use, coexisting ancient and modern styles, Different. After passing through the traditional Chinese archway gate, there is a sacred road lined with tree-lined streets. On both sides of the sacred road are opposite Chinese watches, stone horses, stone tigers, stone lions, stone military commanders, stone civil servants, etc. This is of course a ceremonial guard for Yuan Shikai's tomb in accordance with the "emperor" specifications. What makes people feel special is that whether they are stone horses, stone tigers, stone lions or civil servants and generals, they all have short legs. Its stele pavilion is traditional. Yuan Shikai's tombstone in the pavilion is also carried by a huge ____ just like the emperors and generals in feudal society.

After passing the stele pavilion, there is the gate. There is a main hall on the front and side halls on both sides, all of which are Qing Dynasty style buildings. Going further forward is the foundation of the tomb. There are three gates at the base of the platform, and the iron gate in the middle is completely a Western-style building, which looks like the "General's Mansion" in the early Republic of China. However, the tomb emblem hanging on the iron gate is carved with blue dragons, tigers, etc. The three-story high platform tomb inside the iron gate is where Yuan Shikai was buried. It is round in shape and made entirely of reinforced concrete. The stone lions carved around it also imitate Western-style "realism" rather than traditional Chinese "freehand brushwork." Yuan Shikai's eccentric tomb reflects his ever-changing identity on the historical stage.

In May 2013, the State Council (Guofa [2013] No. 13) announced Yuan Lin as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Yuan Shikai (September 16, 1859 - June 6, 1916), whose courtesy name was Weiting (also known as Weiting) and whose name was Rong'an, was a Han nationality and a native of Xiangcheng, Henan. He was a famous poet in modern Chinese history. politicians. He was once the leader of the Beiyang warlords. During the Revolution of 1911, he became the first president of the Republic of China. During his reign, he actively developed industry, unified the currency system, and created modern judicial and educational systems. But later, under the instigation of Yang Du and other constitutional figures, he was overthrown and restored as emperor.

On September 16, 1859, Yuan Shikai was born in Yuanzhai 1, Wangmingkou Town, Xiangcheng City, Henan Province. Yuan Shikai's detailed information++