Planning and development of tourism resources

First, fill in the blanks and choose multiple-choice questions.

1. Tourism consists of travel agencies, tourist transportation and tourist hotels, which are also called the three pillars of tourism.

2. Views on five components of tourism, namely travel agency, tourism transportation, tourist hotels, tourist attractions and tourism management departments.

3. The relationship between tourism planning and urban planning should be coordinated and complementary. From the perspective of planning and development, the development age of urban planning is earlier than that of tourism planning.

4. No plan can be made overnight. Tourism planning and urban planning should establish an interactive relationship, that is, invite some urban planning experts to participate in tourism planning and consider whether the content of tourism planning conflicts with urban development planning; Appropriately point out the unreasonable and unsuitable places in urban planning. Self-study exam station, your self-study exam expert!

5. Urban planning and tourism development planning are unified, but urban planning is more systematic and comprehensive, and tourism planning is one aspect of urban planning.

6. Tourism planning is an important part of regional socio-economic development planning. Tourism planning and regional socio-economic development planning are macro-,meso-and micro-corresponding.

7. Tourism planning and development should include the following three structural systems: target system, method system and support system.

8. The following principles should be followed in formulating the target system of tourism planning: A, generality principle B, accessibility principle C, consistency principle D and timeliness principle.

9. Among the many supports for tourism planning and development, the policy and regulation support system is the most direct support system.

10. The development of tourism in a region depends on the occurrence state of tourism resources in the region, that is, the number of tourism resources, the diversity of tourism resources types, the uniqueness of tourism resources characteristics and the reasonable degree of spatial distribution and combination of tourism resources. In addition, the development of tourism depends on people's comprehensive evaluation and rational development of local tourism resources, and on people's attitude towards the development and protection of tourism resources.

1 1. The concept of tourism resources should be grasped from four aspects: development, attraction, benefit and form of tourism resources.

12, the variability of tourism resources refers to the following situations: in the development of tourism, some elements that were not originally tourism resources have become tourism resources; Some tourism resources have become non-tourism resources due to market or other reasons; One tourism resource has been transformed into another. Source of this article: Examination Network

13. Compared with other resources, the main difference of tourism resources lies in their aesthetic characteristics.

14. The development benefit of tourism resources is directly proportional to the number and quality of tourists it attracts. Therefore, the development of tourism resources must be as follows: (1) Give priority to the development of tourism resources with superior geographical location and convenience for tourists, so as to make them produce benefits quickly; (2) Make full use of existing resources and improve their utilization rate; (3) Pay close attention to the relationship between supply and demand and develop step by step. In the process of development, it should be adjusted at any time according to market conditions.

15. The benefit evaluation of investment and development of tourism resources is manifested in the evaluation of investment required for development, source of funds, construction period and degree of investment recovery. These four aspects can generally be measured by the comprehensive index of investment payback period. The short payback period indicates the matching of supply and demand, quick investment payback and good economic benefits.

16, the characteristics of tourism planning theme: (1) as "primitive" as possible, that is, natural and historically formed; (2) Use special resources to form their own characteristics; (3) All kinds of landscapes should adapt to and coordinate with each other, and it is best not to form multiple themes, and at the same time, it is required to reflect local characteristics; (4) Various facilities use local materials and technologies as much as possible, and each place has its own small theme.

17, the purpose of tourism planning is to pursue the sustainable and effective utilization of tourism resources and the optimal structure and reasonable arrangement of development direction of tourism resources in the future.

18. Grasping the relationship between reality and future is the core of tourism planning. Strategically reflect the purpose and function of tourism planning.

19. The comprehensiveness of tourism planning has the characteristics of multi-objective, multi-factor, multi-level and multi-department.

20. In terms of spatial scope and scale, tourism planning can be divided into international coordinated planning, national comprehensive planning, regional comprehensive planning, and comprehensive planning of tourist destinations or scenic spots.

2 1. In terms of time stage and content, tourism planning can be divided into strategic planning of tourism development (that is, long-term planning) and development and construction planning of tourism destinations or tourism projects (medium-term and short-term planning).

22. The originality of tourism projects is the soul of tourism planning. It can best reflect the level of planners, but it is also the most painstaking. Source of this article: Examination Network

23. Transportation planning includes external transportation system and local transportation system.

24. The planning of external transportation system generally depends on the original traffic conditions, so it is not the focus of planning, but it is necessary to ensure that tourists can "get in, get out and get out" in the scenic spot.

25. The transportation system planning in this area includes the planning of tourist routes and modes of transportation. The tourist routes in scenic spots should avoid going straight as far as possible and take a vertical route.

26. A tourist center must have rich and colorful tourism resources and unique traffic conditions, because these two conditions are the prerequisites for a tourist destination to become a regional tourism center.

27. The market scope of the visitor center has upper and lower limits.

28. Tourist centers are classified according to their market scope, that is, their attractiveness. Generally speaking, the products and services provided by high-level tourist centers are of high grade, multi-function, complete variety, good quality and relatively low price, while the products and services provided by low-level tourist centers are relatively simple.

29. There may be many different levels of tourist centers in a geographical area.

30. The goal of promoting the rapid and stable growth of regional economy is achieved through the two functions of regional growth poles, namely polarization and diffusion.

3 1. Application forms of growth pole in tourism planning and development: point-axis development theory and network development theory.

32, the meaning of sustainable development, the definition of sustainable development comes from natural attributes, this definition was put forward by ecologists; This paper expounds the definition of sustainable development put forward by the World Conservation Union (FVCN), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Wildlife Fund (WUF) in 199 1. It aims at the progress and development of human society.

33. The core content of the principle of sustainability is that the economic and social development of human society should be coordinated with the environmental carrying capacity and should not exceed the carrying capacity of resources and environment.

34. The research object of tourism anthropology is the temporary interaction among residents, tourism developers (investors or collectives), tourists and social groups in tourism development or tourism activities.

35. Tourism planning should take characteristics as the strategic soul, quality as the strategic basis, benefit as the strategic goal, industry as the strategic level, and attach importance to the comprehensive application of government-led strategy, product development strategy, image building strategy, industrial financing strategy, market development strategy and science and technology support strategy at the macro level. Examination forum

MICE tourism has the characteristics of large group size, high consumption grade, long stay, weak seasonality and rich profits, so it enjoys the reputation of "the jewel in the crown of tourism".

37. Theme park tourism, together with eco-tourism and cultural tourism, will be listed as the three emerging tourism consumption growth points in 2 1 century. This is enough to show the strong momentum of theme park development.

38. Compared with foreign countries, the planning of theme parks in China has the following weaknesses: (1) the location of theme parks; (2) Choice of theme parks.

39. According to the basic system, tourism resources can be divided into three major landscapes: natural landscape, human landscape and service landscape, with a total of 10 landscapes.

40. Tourism resources are divided into renewable tourism resources and non-renewable tourism resources according to the utilization angle; According to the management point of view, it can be divided into limited tourism resources and unlimited tourism resources. Finite and infinite include two-dimensional properties of time and space. According to the attraction, it is divided into national tourism resources, provincial tourism resources and city (county) tourism resources.

4 1. In today's world, sunshine, beach and seawater have become the most important combination of tourism resources, which is called "3S (sunshine, beach and sea)" project.

42. The evaluation of foreign tourism resources began in the 1960s, and the methods adopted have three characteristics: index quantification, evaluation modeling and scientific standards. The evaluation of China's tourism resources began in the early 1980s.

43. The comprehensive evaluation methods of tourism resources include qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation. Although qualitative evaluation is simple and easy, it is often limited by the evaluator's own subjective intentions and preferences. Quantitative evaluation can overcome the subjective intention of evaluators and avoid being influenced by personal preference factors, making the comprehensive evaluation of tourism resources more objective and scientific.

44. Qualitative evaluation methods can be divided into general experience evaluation and aesthetic quality evaluation.

45. As far as tourism resources are concerned, six criteria are adopted: beauty, antiquity, name, uniqueness, strangeness and use.

46. Tourism resources survey can be divided into general survey, general survey, detailed survey, typical survey, key survey and sampling survey.

47. A census is a preliminary survey to find problems. Mainly qualitative, it is generally to investigate the tourism resources in large areas to determine the type, distribution, scale and development degree of tourism resources; The census is mainly based on field visits, so the information obtained is the most detailed. However, the census consumes a lot of time, manpower and funds, the items under investigation cannot be very detailed, and the investigation of tourism resources lacks depth; Detailed investigation is generally carried out on the basis of census and census, with the aim of determining high-quality tourism resources as the development object.

48. Market analysis mainly includes three aspects: tourist demand analysis, competitor analysis and market environment analysis.

49. There are many factors that affect tourists' demand, both external factors and tourists' own factors. The former mainly includes the supply of tourism products, the price of tourism products, sales channels and promotional activities, the social and political environment of tourist destinations and the social and cultural conditions of tourists, while the latter mainly includes the economic conditions and psychological factors of tourists.

50. The internal factors affecting tourists' demand mainly include age, personal income level, personality and lifestyle. Source: www.examda.com.

5 1, the spatial flow between people has two characteristics: flow and flow direction.

52. The analysis of development zone location can only be carried out from four aspects: natural location, economic location, traffic location and tourism location.

53. The main investigation contents supporting tourism planning decision include: tourism market environment, market demand, potential market demand, product mix and customer evaluation.

54. The market environment survey of tourist areas includes political environment survey, legal environment survey, economic environment survey, scientific and technological environment survey, social and cultural environment survey and geographical environment survey.

55. Demand is the main factor that determines the purchasing power and market size of the tourism market. Tourist demand survey is the most basic part of tourism market survey.

56. The potential demand of the tourist market is mainly measured by indicators such as travel rate, revisiting rate and consumption.

57. The working principles of tourism planning and development market analysis are: clear thinking, appropriate sampling, accurate analysis and cost saving.

58. The image of tourist areas consists of three parts: image positioning, image shaping and image identification. The name, logo, standard color, standard word and management slogan of tourist area are the specific design contents of tourist area image.

59. When promoting the market image, we should grasp the following three principles: first, unity; The second is pertinence; The third is efficiency.

60. Competitive advantage is the core of all marketing strategies.

6 1. For modern tourist areas, brand is no longer a simple product identification symbol, but an important part of the marketing strategy management of tourist areas.

62. The brand power of tourist areas or tourist products is mainly determined by two factors: first, brand awareness, that is, the overall evaluation of brand awareness and reputation by customers; The second is brand vitality, which refers to the correlation between the differentiated characteristics of tourist areas or product brands and customers.

63. Tourism market development strategies at different product life cycle stages. Input period: stimulate basic demand; Introduce products; Establish a distribution network; Penetration pricing. Growth period: expanding product benefits; Promote the brand; Choose distribution channels; Adjust the price appropriately. Maturity: improve products and reduce costs; Emphasize market segmentation; Enhance the image of tourist areas; Make full use of distribution channels; Implement the price strategy. Decline: adjusting product structure; Centralized promotion; Maintain the reputation of tourist areas; Retain the distribution relationship; Reduce the price or substantially reduce the price.

64. Network marketing is favored by many tourist areas, especially international group companies, because of its low marketing cost, few marketing links, large amount of information, wide marketing scope and all-weather marketing.

65. 198 1 year, Booms and Bitner revised the existing marketing mix theory and put forward the marketing mix framework of service industry.

66. Understanding the connotation of the theme of tourism planning and development from three aspects is also three important links in the orientation of the theme of planning and development. Namely, development goal, development function and regional tourism image.

67. The main objectives of tourism planning and development are: to pursue commercial profits and economic growth and promote environmental protection; On the other hand, local governments tend to increase employment, tax revenue and foreign exchange income, and pay attention to the improvement of people's living standards and infrastructure. Examination University-the largest education website in China (www.Examda. com).

68. In the specific functional subdivision, the regional tourism function can be divided into three vectors: economic function; Social function; Environmental function.

69. When positioning the regional tourism image, it should be reflected in the following aspects: the material landscape image, social and cultural landscape image, tourism enterprise image and core area (lot) image of the tourist area.

70. From the time series, the theme image of tourist areas can be divided into three stages according to the formation process, namely, the primary image stage, the secondary image stage and the composite image stage.

7 1. The formation process of the image of the tourist area in the eyes of tourists is closely related to the nature of tourism products and services and promotional activities. According to the formation process of the image, the theme image of the tourist area is spread to the minds of various tourism consumers through the following channels. (1) business activities; (2) symbol recognition; (3) Media communication; (4) service attitude; (5) physical display.

72. The image-building of tourist areas is mainly achieved through two tools, namely, product service and public relations publicity.

73. The layout of camping sites is suitable for tourist areas with scattered scenic spots and local conditions that are not suitable for building large hotels. On the basis of dividing the whole tourist area into appropriate sub-regions, this model gives consideration to the functional complementarity between sub-regions and focuses on the layout of tourism service facilities in sub-regions.

74. The layout of community-tourist attraction complex (CAC) first proposed by Gunn in 1965; Foster once put forward a "three-zone structure model" for the spatial development of tourist areas. The TwinningPrinciple proposed by Travis in 1974 provides a commercial link between tourists' needs and nature protection.

75. The traditional tour route design is package tour oriented, mainly group package tour (GIT).

76. At present, there are two forms of tourist routes designed by travel agencies or tourist information centers for individual travelers: one is to combine and choose routes; The second is jumper.

77. Amusement (entertainment) projects belong to a small category of tourism projects, providing people with entertainment-related facilities and services, and its relationship with tourism projects is a partial and overall relationship.

78. There are three important factors in the creative design of tourism projects, which will have an impact on the design quality. These three factors are: planners and developers; The occurrence state of tourism resources; Tourism market situation.

79. The planners and developers of tourism projects are the most active factors in the creative design of tourism projects. Only by fully mobilizing the enthusiasm and enthusiasm of tourism planners for scientific research can their work efficiency and innovative spirit be fully brought into play. In the creative design of tourism projects, the most important qualities of tourism planners are project design experience and information processing ability.

80. Attention should be paid to the image-building of tourist destinations in tourism planning and development: first, tourism image survey; Second, the design and planning of tourist destination image; Finally, enhance the image of the tourist destination.

8 1, the planning idea of product-oriented mode is to take the planning road of "market-resources" combination.

82. According to the working steps of resource development feasibility analysis, it is classified as (1) investment opportunity analysis; (2) Preliminary feasibility analysis; (3) Concrete feasibility analysis. According to the investment subject of tourism planning and development: the feasibility analysis of tourism planning and development projects invested by the government; Feasibility analysis of domestic enterprises investing in tourism planning and development projects; Feasibility analysis of tourism planning and development projects invested by foreign-funded enterprises, and so on.

83. If the supply of funds exceeds the demand, the scarcity of funds will be reduced, and the value of transferring the right to use funds will be low, that is, the time value of funds will be low in a certain period; On the contrary, the time value of funds is high. In addition to interest, profit is also used to express the time value of funds. There is no difference between profit and value in essence, except that interest describes the value added by putting funds into the process of lending, while profit describes the value added by putting funds into the field of production and circulation. So when calculating the time value of funds, there is no difference between the two.

84. The concept of cash flow includes cash inflow, cash outflow and net cash flow.

85. The cost-benefit method is used to analyze the national economic effect of tourism projects in the investment feasibility analysis, that is, it is mainly used to measure the impact of tourism projects on the national economy of the region. Including: measuring the economic benefits of the project, measuring the return on investment of the project, measuring the correlation between the project and the regional economy and its impact on environmental factors.

86. Market research and analysis methods, find out "5W2H", who-who will have demand for tourism products, what these people need-what tourism products, why-why this demand is generated, where-how do they want to buy this tourism product, when-when this demand will occur, and how much-how much-they need this tourism product.

87. Market survey can be divided into comprehensive market survey and random sampling survey according to the survey scope. The basic methods used in market research are: interview, observation and experiment.

88. Interview methods can be divided into interview investigation, mail investigation and indwelling investigation according to the distribution and recovery methods of investigation forms. Source: Examination University

89. Evaluation of microeconomic benefits of tourism planning and development. The object of microeconomic benefit evaluation is tourism enterprises. The first step to evaluate the benefits of tourism enterprises is to clarify the costs and benefits of enterprises. 1) Tourism enterprise cost; (2) the income of tourism enterprises; (3) the economic benefits of tourism enterprises. LPO= labor consumption in a period of time/output level in that period of time.

90. The development of tourism plays an important role in optimizing the national economic structure and shifting the industrial focus to the secondary and tertiary industries, especially the tertiary industry. Evaluate the role of tourism planning and development in the optimization of national economic structure in this area.

9 1. Generally speaking, the main means of financial security are: (1) national budget; (2) national taxes; (3) National financial credit.