What are the specific methods to study tourism culturology?

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The Basic Methods and Paths of China Ethnic Cultural Tourism Research

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(College of History, Culture and Tourism, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 54 100 1)

Ethnic cultural tourism is an important part of tourism in China and an important field of tourism research in China. Compared with other non-ethnic cultural tourism, its research involves not only the basic problems and standards of tourism, but also the social and cultural sensitive issues of ethnic areas such as national unity, national cultural protection and ethnic religious beliefs. These problems can not be solved by advanced and perfect science and technology, which is its particularity. There are many ways to study ethnic cultural tourism, but the particularity of ethnic cultural tourism determines that its research methods and paths are different from other tourism. Therefore, I think the study of China's ethnic cultural tourism can be carried out through three basic methods and two paths.

One, three basic methods

The basic methods of ethnic cultural tourism research are investigation, cross-cultural research and the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical research. These three basic methods are from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from shallow to deep, combining theory with practice, from basic research to theoretical research to applied research, which mainly reflect and embody the application characteristics of tourism essence and the research methods and paths that need multidisciplinary intervention.

(A) survey methods

Investigation is the basic method used by most disciplines, and it is also the basis, starting point and foothold of ethnic cultural tourism research. "Without investigation, there is no right to speak", and without investigation, there is no feasible action plan. The nationality, culture, diversity and sociality of national culture make its development involve special human-land relationship (social relationship) and human-land relationship (human-land relationship) [the particularity is that the richer and more distinctive the national culture is, the less developed the economy is, but the more harmonious the social relationship is (reflected in simple folk customs, warm hospitality and weak business awareness)], tourism development will have a negative impact on the local area. The relationship between man and nature has a series of positive and negative effects. Therefore, the particularity of ethnic cultural tourism requires multi-disciplinary intervention and in-depth investigation of various phenomena and problems in its resource development and tourism impact, especially the diversified investigation methods applied to anthropology, ethnology, sociology, tourism, environmental science and other related disciplines. Questionnaire survey, interview, participation in observation, remote sensing technology and other means can be used. Through the combination of long-term investigation and short-term investigation, overall investigation and special investigation, field investigation and exchange investigation, we can draw more credible and objective conclusions, thus providing rich foundation and scientific and reasonable basis for the specific practical work of developing, constructing, developing, managing, experiencing, adjusting the relationship between stakeholders, the relationship between community residents and nature, and protecting and inheriting national culture.

(B) Cross-cultural research methods

Cross-cultural research method is one of the most important research methods in culturology, ethnology, anthropology and sociology, and it is also the theoretical research method of national cultural tourism research. Culture is the soul of tourism. Different nationalities have different cultures, and tourists from different regions and inbound tourists show consumption differences due to cultural differences. We need to make a comparative study of cultural screening, cultural connotation and cultural essence from a cross-cultural perspective with the help of interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary methods. Only through comparison can we find out the local national characteristics and advantages, only through comparison can we know our competitive position and our disadvantages, and we can clearly understand the situation and draw more practical conclusions. At the same time, the practical problems in the development of ethnic cultural tourism, such as tourism product design, image design and communication, source market, relationship between host and guest, and tourism influence, also need cross-cultural research, so as to find out products and programs that are more in line with market demand and social development. According to the correct view, things always develop and change, and tourism is also a constantly developing and changing industry. Various social and cultural phenomena and cultural images formed in the development of ethnic cultural tourism also need theoretical explanation and interpretation with the help of mature theories of anthropology, sociology, culturology and ethnology, so as to summarize and find out relevant laws and regulations, reveal the essence of phenomena, rise to the theoretical level, and build a theoretical system of ethnic cultural tourism with universal guiding significance, which can be guided in a wider range.

(C) Theoretical analysis and empirical research methods

Theoretical analysis and empirical research are the correct and most important methods in social science research, and belong to the applied research methods in ethnic cultural tourism research. Theory comes from and guides practice, and practice is the only criterion for testing theory. Tourism discipline is a highly applied discipline, and its extensive coverage determines the need for multi-angle research from different disciplines, so as to absorb the theoretical advantages of related disciplines, form its own theoretical characteristics and guide practice. Tourism practice is rich and colorful, especially ethnic cultural tourism. In addition to the guidance of tourism theory, ethnic cultural tourism needs to be studied according to its uniqueness combined with actual cases, and the new phenomena, new situations, new problems, new relationships and new changes in practice are summarized by using relevant mature theories such as ethnology, sociology, economics, anthropology and environmental science, and then it rises to the theoretical level and returns to time. In addition, from theory to practice, from practice to theory, a carrier is needed as a transformation platform. The cases and * * * studies in theoretical analysis and empirical research provide them with a good transformation platform, which fully embodies the characteristics of tourism as an applied discipline and avoids the blindness and shortsightedness of theory or practice.

Of course, we should pay attention to two points in theoretical analysis and empirical research: first, don't talk on paper, only pay attention to theoretical analysis and ignore application discussion; Second, we should avoid the accumulation of cases that lack practical significance or have no demonstration significance. The two need to be organically combined, and in-depth research should be carried out with the method of discrimination, the viewpoint of development and the correct logical thinking.

Second, two basic paths.

Correct and scientific research methods are important, but if there is no good and convenient research path, it will also cause unnecessary repeated research or consumption of manpower, material resources and financial resources. Therefore, it is also important to seek research paths.

(A) perspective: jump out of tourism to study tourism.

The sustainable development of any subject can't confine one's thinking to one's own vision. It needs to reflect and examine this discipline with the help of the theories and methods of other disciplines, inject new blood into the development of the discipline, and promote the perfection and sustainable development of the discipline theory. The same is true of tourism research. "The bystander is clear, the viewer is fascinated" and "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain". It is inevitable that there will be a leaf to cover my eyes, only the trees can't see the limitations of the forest. Influenced by the subject background and knowledge structure, researchers are often confined to their own majors to study tourism. At present, most scholars engaged in the study of ethnic cultural tourism are ethnology, anthropology, sociology, history, cultural chemistry, etc., with a single perspective, which is subject to the research methods, means and paths of disciplines. When the research reaches a certain stage, it is difficult to break through the shackles of fixed thinking and make the research go further. Therefore, the development of tourism involves many disciplines. Studying tourism from the perspective of related disciplines and examining tourism from the perspective of others may lead to new viewpoints, new thoughts and new conclusions.

However, it is needless to say that the study of ethnic cultural tourism needs to be completely divorced from reality and its own professional knowledge background, but it is good to learn from the advantages of other disciplines on the basis of its own professional knowledge background, to learn from others' strengths, to integrate Chinese and Western cultures, to integrate ancient and modern times, and to use them for our own use. Not only that, but also learn to learn from and use foreign excellent theoretical achievements and mature and advanced research methods and means, and conduct research in combination with the reality of China, so as to realize the purpose of exploring and developing China's national cultural tourism from the perspective of "the other".

A platform: practice and exchange dialogue

At present, the researchers of ethnic cultural tourism in China are mainly composed of practitioners (tourism administrative departments, tourism companies, tourism enterprises, etc.). ) and theorists (including returnees, returnees are also divided into practitioners and theorists). For practitioners, they have been engaged in the tourism industry for a long time and have rich practical experience, but they are affected by busy work and less free time. Most people do not seriously sum up practical experience and phenomena, and rise to the theoretical level to guide wider practice. Generally speaking, "utilitarianism" and "pragmatism" are the important reasons why China's tourism research theory lags behind practice. Their advantage is that they can accurately grasp the reality and produce direct and obvious benefits. However, due to the lack of theory and the lack of understanding of the essence of practice, they often fail to grasp the development trend of tourism, which often leads to negative effects and disharmonious factors in practice. For theorists, influenced by academic atmosphere, education and other backgrounds, most people have a lot of free time. They have rich knowledge, profound theoretical functions, strong sensitivity and foresight to the future development trend of things, and clear analysis of the nature of things. However, due to the lack of practical experience, most people have insufficient understanding of practice, which often leads to the theory being divorced from practice, or the theory is too broad and empty, with a strong "idealism" color. In view of the advantages and disadvantages of practical school and theoretical school, ethnic cultural tourism researchers can adopt the practice of returning to practice, establish a platform for dialogue and exchange, and realize complementary advantages, mutual promotion and common improvement.

First, for theorists, "practice makes true knowledge", they can often go deep into the reality, investigate and study, and qualified units can encourage and support them to work in the front line of tourism. The workload and related remuneration during their temporary employment can be calculated as appropriate to eliminate the worries of the temporary staff. Or establish long-term cooperative relations with first-line enterprises, scenic spots and tourism entities, set up research observation points and follow up research; The second is to establish a platform for dialogue and exchange. Participate in various tourism academic seminars, tourism forums, tourism summits, tourism fairs and other dialogue and exchange platforms jointly organized by professional institutions, academia, tourism enterprises and government departments through various channels to exchange needed commodities; Third, relying on modern media, extensively dabble in tourism and related information and academic trends, understand the development trend of tourism, and improve the professional and theoretical level.

In short, the particularity and uniqueness of national culture require researchers to use correct and appropriate research methods, means and techniques to achieve better results. Of course, we should pay special attention to two points in the practical research of ethnic cultural tourism: first, it is more important to find problems than to answer them; The second is to focus on analyzing problems rather than making judgments (jumping to conclusions). Finding problems is not only the starting point of research, but also the most solid foundation for young researchers to cultivate their innovative ability. Tourism is a dynamic industry that is constantly developing and changing. For tourism research that is still developing and changing, such as "national cultural tourism", it is important to analyze various relationships, functions and changes in the development movement, rather than making hasty judgments (jumping to conclusions) to avoid the phenomenon of "blind people touching the elephant".