What are the characteristics of tourism aesthetics?

Tourism is an activity with sightseeing as the same purpose and travel as the means. The so-called sightseeing is to see and listen in a mobile way. No matter whether modern tourists or ancient tourists, no matter how different their direct purposes are, there will inevitably be sightseeing behavior in the process of tourism. When they see and hear all kinds of natural and human landscapes, they will appreciate beautiful images and produce high-level emotional pleasure of aesthetic feeling. Some people will sublimate their aesthetic feeling and create beautiful things. This is the tourism aesthetic activity in the image sense. In recent years, many scholars have conducted in-depth research on tourism aesthetic activities with tourism science, tourism aesthetics and tourism sociology as theoretical tools. Among them, there are many insights, but there are also shortcomings and similarities. I don't take the liberty to make a systematic analysis of the characteristics and significance of tourism aesthetic activities on the principle of "critical absorption".

First, the characteristics of tourism aesthetic activities

As a short-term leisure lifestyle, tourism is actually a comprehensive aesthetic that combines natural beauty, artistic beauty and social beauty. It is the common pursuit of all tourists to obtain spiritual aesthetic pleasure and satisfaction through tourism, which is also the essence of tourism. Generally speaking, the so-called aesthetics refers to the aesthetic subject's perception, observation, examination and evaluation of the content and formal value of the object (such as beauty and ugliness), which is a perceptual knowledge of beautiful things. Specifically, tourism aesthetic activities have the following characteristics:

1, historic

Tourism aesthetics belongs to the historical category and is a human activity that develops and changes with historical changes. In the early tourism activities of human beings, because human beings can't control the power of nature by mastering the laws of nature, they crawl at the feet of nature, trying to get the protection of God by worshipping some symbolic natural and human landscapes, so as to meet their emotional needs to some extent. With the development of history, the purpose of tourism aesthetics began to tilt towards learning. From Kyle Polo's trip to China to Zheng He's voyage to the West, from Columbus' discovery of the new continent to Xu Xiake's investigation trip, the knowledge and utility of tourism aesthetics are increasing. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/8th century, Rousseau, Goethe, Heine and others set off an upsurge of "returning to nature", and tourists began to really and consciously carry out natural sightseeing. After the 20th century, tourists are more eager to participate personally, and even appear in nature as conquerors, hoping to overcome and purify their smallness and mediocrity through personal experience, improve their spiritual realm, and thus gain heartfelt joy.

The same is true of individual aesthetic activities. In the initial aesthetic, due to the limitation of personal aesthetic ability, people often look at the flowers of various scenic spots in a hurry, take a rough look, choose a scenic spot to take pictures as a souvenir, and rush to perform the task, satisfied with "being here and leaving a souvenir, I can have no regrets!" Later, with the enrichment of personal experience and the increase of life experience, it is required to improve the aesthetic and cultural quality of tourism as much as possible, fully tap the aesthetic and cultural connotation of tourism, and make you have a happier, more comfortable, more meaningful and more rewarding trip.

These all benefit from their own aesthetic cultivation and continuous improvement of their ability. As the saying goes, "shallow divers get fish and shrimp, deep divers get dragons." People with different aesthetic abilities can get pleasure from the colors, shapes and sounds of beautiful scenery; You can also enjoy the pleasure from the surface content of the beautiful scenery; It can also be further improved from the "image outside the image" and "unexpected taste" of the beautiful scenery.

Step 2: Leisure

This is the embodiment of dissolving beauty in tourism aesthetic activities. Leisure is not blank, not looking up at the sky, not thinking, not feeling heartless, not just sleeping. If you want to have a happy and comfortable leisure, rich and substantial content, noble but not vulgar taste, you must pay attention to it. In people's lives, there are not only hard work, but also activities such as boating on the lake, sightseeing, having fun after meals, and spending the days before and after flowers, which leads to tourism and play. This is a unique activity with aesthetic and cultural connotations. Confucius said: "The ambition is in the Tao, the virtue is in the virtue, the benevolence is in the benevolence, and the art is wandering" (The Analects of Confucius? "and"). Zhu explained; "Travelers say that playing with things is suitable for feelings." (Note to The Analects of Confucius); Wang Fuzhi said, "Those who have art are in harmony with the Tao." (Reading Four Books and Complete Books). Confucius also said, "The knower enjoys water, and the benevolent enjoys Leshan." This shows that the joy of mountains and rivers can reflect benevolence; Those who know benevolence not only like benevolence, but also like mountains and rivers. The Analects of Confucius? "Advanced" contains: Confucius told his disciples to "speak freely", and Ceng Dian said:

"In the late spring, the spring clothes have been finished, and the champion is five or six, and the boy is six or seven. Bathing is difficult, the wind dances, and they return. " Confucius expressed his appreciation because he should have a good attitude towards life while pursuing success. With this attitude, you can travel leisurely in the successful struggle, get rid of the shackles of quick success in life, and enjoy yourself in the landscape tour when you have plenty of leisure. Mao Zedong wrote in his poem: "When you cross the Yangtze River, you can see everything on the water. No matter how big the storm is, it is better to walk around leisurely. Today you are well-off. The son said in Sichuan: The deceased is like a husband! " ("water adjustment"? This attitude towards life is unified with the struggle against wind and waves and leisure. In other words, with leisure, people can swim among them, transcend their concerns about poverty and wealth, and reach the realm of enjoying themselves. Leisure has different tastes. What we advocate is: leisure has taste and life has taste.

Step 3 be selective

Selectivity is the profound embodiment of human subjectivity. Tourism is a subjective activity of conscious people, and the aesthetic subject can selectively carry out aesthetics. The first is the choice of tourist attractions. The second is the choice of tourism opportunities. The third is the choice of aesthetic intermediary. The fourth is the choice of aesthetic objects.

From the aesthetic point of view, people have two kinds of impulses, one is material impulse and the other is rational impulse. Exciting beauty is the beauty that two impulses keep their tension and play a nerve role. Due to the difference between people's actual state and tourism resources, tourism aesthetics will also have two functions, one is to make people tend to relax and the other is to make people tend to be nervous. When people are in a state of tension, people generally choose relaxing tourist destinations, such as seaside resorts, sunbathing, seawater immersion, or summer in the quiet environment of deep mountains and forests. This form of tourism can make people relax and realize the harmony between man and nature. When people are in a relaxed state, people may choose some exciting and challenging tourism projects, such as mountaineering, exploration and rafting. This form of tourism, which requires perseverance and will, will arouse people's heroic ambition to overcome nature after success, and make people break the state of relaxation and restore their spirit. In this way, through different forms of tourism activities, we can adjust people's tension or harmonious state and help people become a complete whole. Therefore, from the perspective of tourism aesthetics, tourism landscape can be divided into two types: melting beauty tourism landscape and exciting beauty tourism landscape. I have a deep understanding of this. When I feel depressed, I climb Hua Yue with my eyes wide open and my chest high, and my chest is swept away. When you are in a happy mood and full of ambition, you can visit the historical sites in the Han and Tang Dynasties, read about the changes of the world and understand the reasons for the rise and fall, so as to warn yourself that you must know a little and prevent a little delay.

Second, the significance of tourism aesthetic activities

The significance of tourism aesthetic activities is inseparable from its characteristics. It is these unique characteristics that make it of extraordinary significance in the fields of morality, society, ecology, philosophy and politics.

1, moral significance

Tourism aesthetics is a special relationship between people and external things. In this special relationship, beauty and goodness have always been intertwined. Fundamentally speaking, the function of tourism aesthetics on morality lies in communicating people's aesthetic psychology and moral psychology. Generally speaking, the basic elements of a person's moral quality are nothing more than moral understanding, moral emotion, moral will, moral belief and moral behavior. In the process of tourism activities, the emotional impact that aesthetics may bring happens from time to time, and this aesthetic emotion is often closely related to moral emotion. For example, Chernyshevski once said that when people enjoy the beautiful harvest in the field, their aesthetic feelings are always linked with people's moral feelings. Although this connection is sometimes vague or even imperceptible, it is inseparable from the moral feelings that a bumper harvest may bring happiness to farmers. Kant, the first German thinker who consciously and profoundly studied human moral psychology and aesthetic psychology, once said: "We often apply terms based on moral evaluation to things with natural beauty or artistic beauty. We say that buildings are majestic or magnificent, even the colors are pure, humble or soft, because the feelings they cause contain some kind of consciousness similar to that caused by moral judgment. " In other words, the aesthetic feeling of buildings, forests, plains and even colors all contain consciousness similar to moral emotion. It can be seen that this emotional impulse brought by aesthetics can not only stimulate people's noble aesthetic taste and promote the sublimation of people's moral feelings, but also affect all aspects of moral knowledge, will, belief and behavior. As Suhomlinski, an educator in the former Soviet Union, said, "Beauty is a kind of gymnastics for the mind-it enables us to have a clean mind, a pure conscience, correct feelings and beliefs."

Comrade Fang Zhimin once wrote in the book "Lovely China": "The majestic Emei, the charming West Lake and the elegant Yandang, together with her husband, climbed the first Guilin Mountain in the world, which can be proud and enviable. -It's like our mother. She is a beautiful woman with enviable beauty in every part of her body. " It is through the appreciation of the great rivers and mountains of the motherland that his love for the motherland is aroused, and then his moral feelings of loving the motherland are aroused. The influence of this patriotic sentiment can further stabilize and enhance the understanding, belief and will of patriotism, and turn it into patriotic behavior in practice. This process is the formation of long-term and stable patriotic moral quality. It should be said that Comrade Fang Zhimin's firm revolutionary will and belief are inseparable from his appreciation and love for the beauty of the motherland. In a word, tourism aesthetics often links beauty with goodness, beauty with society and beauty with life, which makes people consciously or unconsciously endow nature with the connotation of "goodness" that can only refer to people. It is this outstanding performance of integrating moral cultivation into tourism aesthetic activities.

2. Economic significance

Undoubtedly, tourism aesthetics is an important way to strengthen the construction of material civilization and promote economic development. Modern tourism belongs to the emerging tertiary industry. Modern tourism was created by the industrial revolution. 1845 English Thomas? Cook (Thomas

Cook) founded the first human travel agency to provide organized travel services for people. Since then, tourism has entered a modern period, and tourism has developed from personal consumption activities to commercialization. 1945 After World War II, tourism entered a modern period. During this period, with the recovery and rapid development of world economy, science and technology and culture, with the improvement of people's material and cultural living standards, and with the development of the world in the direction of peace and democracy, tourism has made rapid progress, and great changes have taken place in content, form, scale and nature: in content, tourism has become a social activity of the people, and the tendency to take aesthetics as the same purpose, behavior and effect is more obvious; In terms of form, modern tourist vehicles such as large passenger planes and new vehicles and boats have greatly accelerated the travel speed, making travel safer, more convenient and more comfortable, and enabling tourists to travel long distances in a short time. In terms of scale, the number of tourists has greatly increased (for example, 1996 China has received more than 50 million international tourists and more than 600 million domestic tourists), and the scope of tourism has expanded to the whole world; In essence, tourism has become an important pillar industry in the economic field. Therefore, modern tourism aesthetics plays an important role in economic development:

First, expand economic income, balance international foreign exchange receipts and payments, and promote currency return. The economic income of tourism aesthetics includes tourism service fees charged by tourism enterprises to tourists and the currency of tourism commodity transactions. This kind of economic income from foreign tourists is foreign exchange income, which means that the wealth of the country where the tourism industry is located increases, which is conducive to its international foreign exchange balance. Modern Tourism in China