A 300-word essay on Jingbian’s Tongwancheng in the second volume of the third grade

"Chilechuan, at the foot of Yinshan Mountain, the sky is like a dome, covering the surrounding fields. The sky is blue and the fields are vast..." We read it carefully, and the vast and beautiful grassland scenery jumped out from the words, It is a memorable experience. Under the flowing clouds in the sky, those who ride on horseback across the grasslands and wander through the desert are the owners of the cattle and sheep, the kings of this land, and the people who grew up eating cheese. They drank strong liquor and sang songs passed down from their fathers and ancestors in a language that was completely different from the Han people in the Central Plains. They did not know what the Three Cardinal Guidelines and Five Constant Changes were. They worshiped nature and advocated power. Wrestling, horse racing, they bowed and shot the giant eagle. Their life is primitive and natural, their life is rough and unrestrained. Time flies, and since ancient times, there have been many such nomadic peoples in the vast land of Northern China. They have come and gone: the Rong, the Qiang, the Huns, the Turks, the Tatars... among them are A nation that was extremely prosperous and extremely powerful was the Xiongnu.

In the fourth and fifth centuries AD, when celebrities in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were in fashion and the Orchid Pavilion was drinking wine in the meandering water, the north was ravaged by the iron hoofs of the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms and was turned into a Shura field. In the past sixteen years, more than sixteen independent regimes have changed. At the peak of the separatism, it is unclear how many sovereign states existed in this half of the country at the same time. Because the Five Hus and Sixteen Kingdoms were so messy and bloody, with no trace of romance, they were not worthy of being served on the high stage of history as the main course, but I knew I had to come. At the beginning of the fourth century AD, the Tiefu tribe of the Huns entered the Ordos area. After nearly a hundred years of conquest and management, they occupied parts of Ordos. In 407 AD, a famous figure appeared in the Tiefu tribe, Helian Bobo, who rebelled against the Later Qin Dynasty. The Kingdom of Great Xia was established in the south of Ordos. He called himself King of Great Xia and Great Chanyu. He imitated the political structure of the Central Plains dynasty and set up various institutions. Using the Ordos region as his base, he fought against Hou Qin and other countries, robbed the people and property of neighboring countries, and made the Great Xia Kingdom rapidly become stronger. I am traveling to northern Shaanxi for the sake of loess and for the unification of ten thousand cities.

The Yujing Expressway runs between Yulin and Jingbian. Jingbian is the easternmost place in the three-border area. Anbian and Dingbian go westward one after another, bordering the Mu Us Desert in Inner Mongolia. It was the border guard during the Ming Dynasty. It is an important military town, so it is named after Jing, An and Ding. In recent years, abundant energy reserves have been discovered in the three sides. A high-quality highway was built to facilitate natural gas transportation. The first phase of the project will build the road to Jingbian, and then it will move westward step by step. The car drove south for an hour before leaving the highway and turning west. After leaving the main road, the road conditions were rugged and full of sand and gravel, so it was best for off-roading. Unfortunately, we were riding in a Santana 2000, so the bumps made our buttocks sore. Not long after I came to a depression and a small stream beside the road, I looked at the surrounding terrain. It seemed to be a river bed, and it was very wide at one time. Could it be that this pitiful trickle was the final destination of countless soldiers of the Han and Tang Dynasties - Wu Dinghe? The driver hesitated, as if he didn't know whether there was a fixed river. Alas, what was once a mighty river is now only a bare riverbed. I could only try to reconstruct the tragic situation in my mind, where the blood was stained with yellow sand and the bones were sinking.

We passed several villages along the way, which are very different from those in southern Shaanxi and Guanzhong. Although they both belong to the Loess Plateau, the villages in southern Shaanxi are scattered and hidden on the slopes on both sides of the river valley or in high slopes and deep ditches. Guanzhong is neatly arranged. Here there is no cover, exposed to the scorching sun, wind and sand. There are about ten households in a village. The houses are made of rammed loess and are square without any decoration. If compared with the exquisitely carved houses and villages in the south, which are close to mountains and rivers, they are even more different from "steeds blowing from the west to the north of Hebei, apricot blossoms and spring rain from the south". Gradually, loess replaced the sand dune gravel, and strange-looking sand willows can be seen everywhere. These sand willows are like the Joshua trees commonly seen in desert areas in American western movies. Their branches are twisted at will, and most of them stretch upward, pointing to the sky. . Seeing these desert chiefs, most of them had the Mu Us Desert under their feet. As expected, the car drove up a slope, and saw that the slope had been flattened, with sixteen words written: "The ancient capital of the desert, the most majestic, the treasure of China, the glory of the prosperous age." The large characters and font color are incompatible with the environment, and the content is overly disgusting. This is also the consistent style of the Chinese tourism authorities.

After paying the ten yuan ticket, our car drove straight to the snow-white ruins. The protruding turrets had thousands of holes and were full of traces of wind and sand erosion. With the endless yellow sand in all directions, I was not in a hurry. Climbing up to the turret and facing the horse, we walked into the cave dwellings that the herdsmen dug out of the wall after the ancient city was abandoned, thinking about the rise and fall of this last Xiongnu kingdom in the dark. Tongwan City is a product of the darkest and chaotic era in Chinese history. The huge figure of Helianbo is hidden in the darkness of the white city wall. Helianbobo founded the Daxia Kingdom in 407 AD when he was 27 years old. In its heyday, it "blocked the Qinling Mountains in the south, Pujin in the east, Qinlong in the west, and Bo Yuhe in the north", which included the entire province of Shaanxi, the Hetao area of ??Inner Mongolia, and central Shanxi And the southwest and southeast of Gansu, it is the size of Norway.

In 413 AD, Helian Bobo mobilized 100,000 people of all ethnic groups to build Tongwan City at "Shuofang Shuibei, Black Guide". Tongwan City is large-scale and magnificent. According to historical records, its city wall is ten ren (one ren is five or six feet) high, its foundation is thirty steps (one step is five feet), and it is several miles in diameter. It is made of local white soil that has been fermented. It is made of rammed slabs, so it looks like a white city. According to historical records, Helian Bobo "steamed the earth to build the capital city, and the iron awl penetrated an inch, killing people and building it together." Therefore, the walls of Tongwan City were as hard as iron.

There are tall turrets at the four corners of the city wall, and thirty-six watchtowers are built on the surrounding walls. The four gates in the southeast and northwest are called Zhaowei, Chaosong, Fuliang and Pingshuo respectively, reflecting Helian's ambition to dominate the world. However, heroes are not created by grand words. Compared with the four kingdoms of Wei, Song, Liang, and Shuo, Daxia was precisely the weakest empire at that time. It is only supported by Hao Lianbobo, a strong man's strategy and good fighting skills! "History of the North" records: "The city is ten ren high, the foundation is 30 bu, the upper part is 10 bu, and the palace city is five ren. It is strong enough to sharpen swords and axes. The terraces and pavilions are tall and interconnected with flying pavilions. Embroidery, decorated with paintings, extremely literary talent." The city is divided into three levels: the imperial city, the inner city, and the outer city. There are palaces, drum towers, bell towers and other buildings in the imperial city. In the front of the palace there are large drums, flying incense, copper snakes, dragons and beasts and other utensils. The whole city has tall pavilions and flying pavilions connected with each other. They are decorated with carved pictures and are full of literary talent. There is an "Inscription on the Tongwancheng" in "Book of Jin" that says: "The tower stands high in the sky, the cloud pavilion is beautiful, thousands of pavilions are connected to the corner, and thousands of pavilions are connected to the screen... The greenhouse is lofty, the layers of the city are uneven, the couplets are carved with beasts, and the dragons are carved on the sections. "Chi. Ying is decorated with treasures and rare things..." The extravagant and luxurious buildings and the huge wealth accumulated from the city's trade have made the common people in Tongwan City innocent of the crime of harboring the jade, laying the foundation for destruction.

This once-splendid city has now been buried by the yellow sand, and the tall watchtowers of the past still stand in the sea of ??sand. Standing under the city, stroking the cold and thick city wall, I felt a sudden heaviness, as if the heavy city wall was a load on my shoulders. The city wall is built layer by layer, and it is strong and can be sharpened. However, I always feel that its hard texture is more like stone, but more delicate and beautiful than stone. I think that the mighty Helian Bobo stood on this city wall. Wearing armor and holding a bow and arrow, he looked down at his army and subjects. How majestic that is! Tongwan, you have such a brave and outstanding hero, why are you still so silent?

Climbing up to the extremely high pier in the northeast corner of Tongwan City, looking around, you can see the long yellow sand. Tongwan City stands sluggishly deep in the sand. There are no gorgeous palaces and buildings, no bustling and noisy buildings. The flow of cars, horses and people is just the eternal wind and sun, and the endless grass and sand. However, Tongwan has its beauty and splendor. There was no city here at that time. When Helian Bobo came here, he was attracted by its lush water and grass and decided to build a city here. From here, Helianbobo began his astonishing journey. At that time, Tongwan City must have been filled with thunderous cheers and a sea of ??people, and Helianbobo’s eyes must have been filled with unparalleled pride and arrogance.

Tongwan City belongs only to Helian Bobo, and he has devoted his whole life to it. When he passed the throne to his son in old age, Tongwan also declined, and only its ruins remained, standing as before for thousands of years, telling people the journey of a nation: everything was born in war and died in war. People are like this, cities are like this, and countries are like this.