What is interregional tourism cooperation?

Regional tourism cooperation is now a hot topic. In recent years, the concepts of regional tourism cooperation declaration, * * * knowledge, contract, tourism economy * * * same circle, strategic alliance and promotion consortium have emerged one after another in China. What is regional tourism cooperation? Broadly speaking, regional tourism cooperation means that in a large cooperative region, all partners take various measures to promote the spatial flow and optimal allocation of production factors such as capital, labor, materials and information around the spatial flow of tourists, and finally achieve the optimal economic, social and environmental benefits. Therefore, before designing regional tourism cooperation projects and programs, it is necessary to analyze the spatial flow of tourism production factors, which is based on the analysis of interregional comparative advantages.

Under the market mechanism, the comparative advantages of each participant lead to the spatial flow of production factors, just as the gap makes water flow from high to low. The comparative advantages of each cooperative region can be analyzed from four aspects: tourist source, tourist passage, tourist destination and environment.

First, the comparative advantages of tourist sources are directly reflected in the tourism market. First, the number of tourist receptions (person-day), tourism income, the average number of days spent by tourists and the average consumption of tourists in different tourist destinations are calculated, and the market share and development potential of tourism are compared; The second is to study the overlapping areas of different tourist destinations and evaluate the degree of spatial competition in the tourism market.

Secondly, as a bridge between tourist sources and tourist destinations, the comparative advantages of tourist routes are mainly reflected in the accessibility and location conditions of tourist destinations. Exploring the accessibility of destinations can not only evaluate the status of each destination in the transportation system and the quality of transportation service; It can also be studied from the perspective of cultural differences between tourist sources and destinations, as well as the attitude of residents. By comparing the location conditions of destinations, we can measure the spatial relationship between each destination and major tourist destinations.

Thirdly, the comparative advantages of tourist destinations are embodied in tourism resources and tourism. By analyzing the comparative advantages of tourism resources, we can evaluate the endowment of tourism resources and analyze the development stage and level of tourist attractions (districts) by applying the theory of destination or product life cycle. Defining the comparative advantages of tourism can measure the quantity, scale and management level of related tourism enterprises (hotels, travel agencies, etc.) at the micro level. ) through the room occupancy rate, full labor productivity, operating income generated by fixed assets of 100 yuan and other indicators. On the macro level, we can estimate the total tourism revenue and its proportion in local GDP.

Fourth, to explore the comparative advantages of the environment, we can compare the level of regional economic development first, and then analyze the differences of relevant policies. The development of regional tourism needs the coordinated input of different economic sectors, and the level of regional economic development will affect the decision-making of these economic sectors. In addition, in the practice of tourism development in China, the influence of regional differences in fiscal, tax and investment policies on tourism development can not be ignored.

Most of the tourism resources are immobile, and the spatial mobility of highly mobile production factors (capital, labor, material and information) is generally attributed to the role of the tourism system. On the other hand, the spatial combination of tourism production factors and the spatial flow of tourists constitute a dynamic regional tourism system. Regional tourism cooperation can be understood as integrating several relatively independent regional tourism systems into a large regional tourism system. From the perspective of the main body of regional tourism cooperation, the integration process is actually the process of spatial flow of production factors between regions.

The comparative advantage between regions is transformed into a depression where production factors gather or a highland where they spread through market mechanism. For tourist destinations, the advantage of tourism market refers to being able to better grasp the changing trend of tourism demand, make use of the existing popularity and reputation, and occupy a favorable competitive position in marketing; The advantages of accessibility and location conditions may make it develop into a tourism distribution center, which will have an impact on the development of tourism functions of interregional traffic corridors; To a great extent, the advantages of tourism resources can determine its development direction and mode, and determine its position in the tourism routes or tourism circles of large cooperation regions; The advantages of tourism are equivalent to stronger tourism supply ability and the ability to export enterprise management experience and high-quality professionals; The level of regional economic development and the advantages of relevant policies may indirectly be transformed into the ability to gather and spread capital, labor, materials and information. In a word, based on the analysis of interregional comparative advantages, the source, destination and direction of spatial flow of tourism production factors in the large cooperation zone can be clearly defined.

In the design of regional tourism cooperation projects and programs, first of all, all parties need to deal with the relationship between parts and the whole, the relationship between short-term and long-term, and the relationship between input and output. The relationship between the part and the whole refers not only to the relationship between a single region and all regions, but also to the relationship between a single department and all departments in a single region. In the short-term and long-term relationship, a single region has to face not only the timing of how much income it has, but also the timing of how different regions get income. Paying attention to input and output is to seek more cooperative economic benefits under the role of market mechanism, and of course, social benefits and environmental benefits should also be considered. These three relationships can be said to be the design principles of regional tourism cooperation projects and programs.

Secondly, we should pay attention to the overall optimization of cooperative projects and scheme design. Theoretically, different circulation channels of similar production factors can be regarded as one production factor flow surface, and cooperative projects may only target at one production factor flow surface or involve multiple production factor flow surfaces. For example, joint promotion projects are mainly aimed at the flow of information elements, while joint development projects of tourism resources will involve many elements such as capital and labor. In addition, several cooperative projects implemented at the same time may promote each other or conflict with each other. At this time, it is necessary to balance the relationship between various production factors and various circulation channels.

In short, it is necessary to meet the requirements of regional tourism market, analyze the current situation of regional tourism systems, design various feasible cooperation projects, and finally combine these projects into an organic and three-dimensional regional tourism cooperation plan.

Undoubtedly, regional tourism cooperation is a complex system engineering, which needs to be sorted out through system analysis. If the factors of production are compared to points, then the analysis of interregional comparative advantage only clarifies the existence and potential energy of points, and it is also necessary to clarify the flow direction and circulation channels of points through the analysis of spatial flow of interregional factors of production.