What does it mean for Tibetans to get married?

Question 1: What does marriage mean in Tibetan? It seems that we are together, and we don't need a certificate. When they gave birth to their children, they belonged to the woman's family. If you don't feel anything, break up and find it again. Live like this

Question 2: Tibetan wives and guests also sleep in China, in the dam of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province;

A grand canyon in daofu county, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, is known as "the second matriarchal clan area in the world" and "the living fossil of human social evolution".

As long as you can climb the wall, you can enter the ladies' room at will. Zaba is still a matriarchal clan, and she is married. The so-called walking marriage is that a man climbs the wall to have sex with a woman and have a child with an uncle.

Question 3: How to treat the present situation of walking marriage in Yunnan! Children have no fathers, and women have no husbands. Men live with women at night and go back to their homes in the morning.

By the beautiful Lugu Lake in ninglang county, northwest Yunnan, such a special group of people have lived for generations. They live a married life. This is the only ethnic group in China that has preserved the social characteristics of matriarchal clan-Mosuo people.

What is the origin of Mosuo people who still follow the ancient primitive social form? The ethnic origin of Mosuo people and their kinship with their brothers have been unresolved. Recently, it is reported that it has been successfully cracked by researchers. As soon as the news came out, it immediately aroused widespread concern.

Can the mystery of Mosuo people's ethnic origin be solved?

Exploring the origin of Mosuo people has been unresolved for decades.

In view of the ethnic origin of Mosuo people, in fact, relevant research has been started as early as half a century ago. Professor Xiao Chunjie, head of the DNA bank project of China ethnic minorities and director of the Human Genetics Research Center of Yunnan University, told this newspaper that in the first ethnic identification in 1950s, Mosuo people along Lugu Lake in Yunnan were identified as Naxi people. Most Mosuo people think that they are fundamentally different from Naxi people and should be classified as a single nation. Therefore, according to their demands and wishes, Yunnan Provincial People's Congress passed a resolution in 1986, still calling them "Mosuo people".

However, the origin of Mosuo people and their kinship with their brothers from 1986 to the present, 20 years, have not been solved yet.

Professor Xiao Chunjie pointed out that it is so difficult to uncover the mystery of Mosuo people's ethnic origin because they still live in a matriarchal clan family with women as the axis.

Mosuo people, who have no father or husband, and are headed by women, still follow the ancient and primitive social form in the local area and live a life of walking away from marriage-men and women don't marry, and men and women stay in the matriarchal family for life; Marriage is achieved by men "walking". The man goes to the woman's temporary residence in the evening and returns to his home in the morning. Neither party is a member of the other family.

Divorced men and women call each other "xia", which is a husband and wife in Mosuo language. Men still affectionately call women "Adu".

The genetic structure of Mosuo people is very different from that of their mothers.

The Mosuo people who call themselves "that day" are generally considered to be descendants of the ancient Qiang people in northwest China. In their long history and rich development of folk culture, they have successively integrated elements of Tibetan, Naxi, Pumi, Yi and Bai cultures.

Professor Xiao Chunjie led his research team to explore the ethnic origin of Mosuo people in a new round, and made some valuable achievements in genetic research.

They collected samples of Mosuo people and Tibetan, Naxi, Pumi, Yi and Bai nationalities, and inferred the genetic distance by comparing a number of data of Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA polymorphism. The conclusion came into being, and the researchers made an amazing discovery-Mosuo people have a huge contrast in paternal genetic structure and maternal genetic structure. The paternal genetic structure is the closest to the Tibetan in Yunnan, and the maternal genetic structure is the closest to the Naxi nationality in Lijiang, Yunnan.

It is understood that matrilineal inheritance refers to a genetic phenomenon characterized by mitochondrial DNA, which is only passed down from generation to generation between mother and daughter, and the offspring always show maternal characteristics. Paternal inheritance refers to a genetic phenomenon characterized by Y chromosome, which is only passed down from generation to generation, and the offspring always show paternal traits.

"In the evolutionary history of mankind revealed by genetics, it is understandable that there are certain differences between the paternal line and the maternal line, but it is very rare that there is a huge contrast like the Mosuo people." Professor Xiao said.

The research team agreed that this is the result of gene exchange, and the special matriarchal social structure of Mosuo people may be an important reason for the obvious difference between matriarchal and paternal genetic structures.

The maternal genetic structure is the closest to that of Naxi nationality, and the paternal genetic structure is similar to that of Tibetans.

According to historical records, Tibetan and Burmese people, including Mosuo people in Yunnan, are descendants of the ancient Qiang people in northwest China. In the process of large-scale migration of the ancient Qiang nationality to the south, the genetic structure of different branches merged with local brothers, and changed to some extent with the changes of migration route and living environment.

It is not difficult to understand why the matriarchal genetic structure of Mosuo people is close to that of Naxi people, both of which originated in the north, but they are not exactly the same. However, Mosuo people's female-centered social structure and "walking marriage" > >

Question 4: Do Tibetans still have polygamy or polyandry? Do Mosuo people in Yunnan still have the custom of getting married? There are still brother marriages and sister marriages in Tibetan pastoral areas.

When brothers get married, it is usually that several brothers marry a wife. Only when the eldest brother and daughter-in-law get a marriage certificate can they stay together.

Sister marriage generally means that two sisters marry a husband, and usually one of them is sick or disabled. Sister marriage is generally very difficult for the woman's family.

The traditional Mosuo people still have the custom of getting married, but they are not as casual as the outside world. Where my uncle has the most power, the child is raised by the woman, but the object of Yuanbao's marriage is still very single-minded. What I saw in the tourist area was a demonized wedding.

Question 5: Which Tibetan costume of Baima is similar to that of the Eastern Han Dynasty? "Wei slightly, Wei Guoyu? The legend about Rong is this: when his wife got married, she wore a skirt, and the decorations on the side were made like Qiang, while the skirt was like cheongsam. They are all made up. "

The costumes of Baima people are mainly white, black and flowers. The white horse woman hung fish dominoes like white jade on her chest, tied several circles of Jin Liang ancient copper coins around her waist, and put on embroidered robes and skirts drawn by various fabrics, which were gorgeous and dazzling.

Both men and women wear a white felt hat ("Shaga") made of wool, with golden pheasant neck feathers and cock white tail feathers on their heads, which is a remarkable symbol of the White Horse. A man sticks a straight feather, which shows that his heart should be upright; Women insert two or three curved feathers to symbolize femininity and beauty. White people call this kind of hat "Shaga".

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