The name of the famous mountain range in Argentina.

1. Geographical knowledge about Argentina. Argentina's topography (mountains), topographic characteristics, temperature and precipitation distribution 3. Where are the Andes? Where is the geographical location of Argentina? 5. Where is the longest mountain range in the world-Andes? Geographical knowledge about Argentina Argentina is located in the south of South America, with an area of 2,780,400 square kilometers and a coastline of more than 4,000 kilometers. It is the second largest country in Latin America, second only to Brazil.

Argentina is located in the southeast of South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the east, Antarctica across the sea in the south, Chile in the west, Bolivia and Paraguay in the north and Brazil and Uruguay in the northeast.

Its terrain is gradually flat from west to east. The western part is a mountainous area dominated by the undulating and majestic Andes, which runs through more than 3000 kilometers from north to south, accounting for about 30% of the country's area. Pampas grassland in the east and middle is a famous farming and pastoral area, with Granchako Plain in the north and dense swamps, and Patagonia Plateau in the south.

The main mountain ranges are De salado, Mexicana and Aconcagua, with an altitude of 6,964 meters, which is the highest mountain in South America. With a total length of 4,700 kilometers, parana river is the second largest river in South America. The main lakes are Lake Chiquita, Lake Argentina and Lake Bedma. It has a subtropical humid climate in the north, a subtropical and tropical desert climate in the middle and a temperate maritime climate in the south.

Argentina's topography (mountains), topographic characteristics, temperature and precipitation distribution. Read the relevant pictures and texts in Argentina and answer this question. (10)

Argentina's topography is high in the west and low in the east, and its climate is hot in the north and cold in the south, with mild in the middle. Most areas have fertile soil and are called "granaries and meat depots of the world"

Known as. Pampas grassland is a world-famous pastoral area with a high degree of modernization of animal husbandry. Argentina has developed transportation and formed a radial transportation network centered on the capital.

(1) Briefly describe the geographical features of Argentina. (4 points)

(2) Analyze the superior natural conditions for pampas grassland to become a world-famous pastoral area. (4 points)

(3) Patagonia Plateau, located in the south of Argentina and facing the Atlantic Ocean in the east, has a very dry climate. Analyze the reasons. (2 points)

(1) Argentina is located in the southeast of South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Andes in the west, Antarctica across the sea in the south, Chile in the west, Bolivia and Paraguay in the north, and Uruguay and Brazil in the northeast. (4 points)

(2) Located in the eastern plain with flat terrain; A warm climate; Appropriate precipitation; Fertile soil; The grass is very lush. (You can get 4 points if you answer at 4 o'clock. )

(3) Located in the westerly belt, the southwest is close to the Andes, which blocks the rich water vapor from the Pacific Ocean; Part of the airflow passing through the Andes sinks along the leeward slope, and the temperature rises, making it difficult to form precipitation. (2 points)

Test analysis:

(1) The geographical position of a certain area is generally described by latitude, land and sea position and relative position. Pay attention to reading the geographical map of Argentina, see clearly the numbers and names of neighboring countries in the legend and their positions in the map, and review the topographic map and administrative map of South America. To sum up, it can be inferred that Argentina is located in the southeast of South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Andes in the west, Antarctica across the sea in the south, spanning tropical, subtropical and temperate zones, Chile in the west, Bolivia and Paraguay in the north and Uruguay and Brazil in the northeast.

(2) The natural factors affecting agriculture mainly include topography, climate, soil and water. As can be seen from the picture, pampas grassland is located in the eastern plain with flat and open terrain; The climate is subtropical monsoon humid climate, with less precipitation, slightly higher summer temperature, slightly larger daily and annual temperature difference, showing continental climate characteristics and suitable for forage growth; Fertile soil; The grass is very lush.

(3) Pay attention to the geographical position of Patagonia Plateau in the picture, and analyze it in combination with topography and atmospheric circulation. It can be inferred from the figure that Patagonia Plateau is located in the westerly belt, close to the Andes in the southwest, and located on the leeward slope of the mountains, which blocks the rich water vapor from the Pacific Ocean. Part of the airflow passing through the Andes sinks along the leeward slope, and the temperature rises, so it is difficult to form precipitation, so the climate is very dry.

Where are the Andes? The west coast of South America.

Andes (Quechua: Andes; Chichua: Antis), belonging to Cordillera Mountains, also known as Andes or Andes, is located on the west coast of South America, with a total length of more than 8,900 kilometers from north to south, which is the longest mountain range in the world. The Andes is the highest mountain range in the world except Asia, with an average elevation of 3660 meters. The highest peak is Aconcagua, the main peak of Argentina, with an altitude of 6962 meters. It is the highest peak in the western and southern hemispheres and the highest extinct volcano in the world.

Where is the geographical location of Argentina? Argentina is located in the southeast of South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the east, Chile in the west, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil and Uruguay in the north and Antarctica in the south.

Argentina has a land area of 2,780,400 square kilometers, excluding the Malvinas Islands, South Georgia Islands, South Sandwich Islands and the territory claimed by Argentina in the Antarctic, ranking eighth in the world.

Topographic characteristics of Argentina

The topography of Argentina is high in the west and low in the east, and the Andes mountains are in the west. The main peak, Aconcagua Mountain, is 6964 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in South America and the highest peak in the Western Hemisphere. The mountainous area accounts for 30% of Argentina's total area. Pampas grassland in the east and middle is known as the granary of the world. Chaco Plain in the north and Patagonia Plateau in the south.

Where is the longest mountain range in the world-the Andes? On the western edge of the South American continent, stands a huge winding mountain range that runs through the north and south. It is like a long dragon about to take off, crouching on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean. This is the longest mountain range in the world-the Andes. It starts from Trinidad in the north, spans seven countries including Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile, and extends to Tierra del Fuego, with a total length of more than 9,000 kilometers and an area of 6,543,800 square kilometers. Under the Caribbean sea to the north of Venezuela, the Andes are connected with the arc mountains of the West Indies and the Andes, and the mountains of Central America and Mexico are connected at the mountain pass extending from Colombia to Panama, and then extend northward to become the Rocky Mountains of North America. The Andes extend southward and finally sink into the Drake Strait south of Tierra del Fuego. It reappeared in the Antarctic Peninsula under another name. To the east of the Andes are the Orinoco Prairie, Amazon Basin, Parana Plain and Patagonia Plateau. There is a coastal mountain range between the western part of the mountain range and the Pacific Ocean. In Chile, coastal mountains are low and continuous, and valleys separate them from the main Andes. In Peru and Ecuador, the coastal mountains were blocked by branches of the East and West Andes, and it was not until Colombia that they were restored.

The Andes belong to the Cordillera mountain system in structural system, and it is a young folded mountain range with very complicated geological structure. However, it is not a continuous chain mountain range, but a combination of several structural units that are far or near. Generally speaking, folds and faults account for the majority. Although there is no unified view on the formation of the Andes, many geologists agree with the following views: during the Paleozoic era, which began about 600 million years ago, the Andes had an geosyncline and deposited a lot of shale and limestone; Mesozoic, deep limestone and shale cover; At the end of Mesozoic Cretaceous, there was a strong orogeny here, with the rapid decline of river water, ice and snow, and the rise and folding of strata, which pushed almost the whole South American continent down. With the arrival of Cenozoic era, erosion has formed a vast quasi-plain at least in the central Andes. At the end of Cenozoic, the strata rose again, which made the whole eroded plain rise nearly 1000 m, and even exceeded 1000 m in some places; Later, the plateau experienced another erosion and uplift, and finally formed the geomorphological characteristics of the Andes today.

From south to north, the Andes can be divided into three geographical regions: the southern Andes, the central Andes and the northern Andes. These three geographical regions are very different and have their own characteristics. We might as well enjoy it from south to north and see what the difference is.

The South Andes is located in Argentina and Chile, extending from about 30 south latitude to the southernmost tip of the mainland. It basically consists of a main mountain range, forming the most delicate part of the whole mountain range. There are Aconcagua, the highest mountain in the Andes, and Tierra del Fuego, the lowest mountain in the Andes. Many tectonic basins are surrounded by Rocky Mountains, and the southernmost glaciers are active frequently. After the ice falls off, it forms an ice flow, and the ice blocks collide with each other and rush into the distance like running water.

Aconcagua Mountain, known as the "American Giant", has become the most magnificent landscape in the southern Andes. Among many peaks, Aconcagua Mountain is 6959 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the Andes. Located on the western border of Argentina, it is an extinct volcano with a conical peak. Usually only after the dark clouds have cleared can we appreciate its splendor. The top of the mountain is full of boulders, and the wind is whistling, making people unable to stand on their feet. But if you stand here and look around. You will suddenly be intoxicated by the scenery in front of you. Xuefeng is dazzling in the sun and has a panoramic view of green. In the distance, the rippling Pacific Ocean blends with the blue sky, and a huge cross stands in the center of the peak, surrounded by steel wires. It was built in memory of Lin and his wife, an outstanding scientist in the Andes. They were killed while climbing Aconcagua Mountain, but their outstanding achievements will always be remembered in people's hearts.

In fact, if you travel to Aconcagua Mountain, you can take a long-distance bus from Mendoza to the north, and you will see many historical sites and natural landscapes along the way. The first thing you see is the Carnota Memorial Wall. It was from here that Jose de San Martin led his troops across the Andes to Chile and Peru, and accomplished a great and glorious task. Although history has been dusty for many years, the loud horn has never sounded again, but this wall has also experienced historical ups and downs, recording the historical past that will always be remembered. You can also experience the feelings of soldiers who went to the battlefield that year. They crossed the wall and went west, but not in the direction of the battlefield, but arrived at Pisuta Bridge, an arch bridge built in the Andes. In the past, under the guidance of loud horns, teams of Andean troops crossed the bridge with neat steps and strode to the battlefield. Today, only the arsenals and smelters where they used to sweat profusely are left nearby. The machine has long been rusty and has become the most powerful witness in history. Further on, you will see a natural stone bridge-the Inca Bridge, which many climbers often start their long journey from. There are a group of tall rock peaks near the Inca Bridge. They stood quietly, like a group of people who silently repented. The local Indians affectionately call them "confessors". Going forward after crossing the Inca Bridge, a statue of Jesus stands at the Lakumburi Pass at an altitude of 3,855 meters, with a height of 7 meters and a weight of 4 tons. On its pedestal, it is engraved: "This mountain will collapse on the earth after the peaceful rupture of Argentina and Chile." Quiet and kind Jesus looked at Argentina as if telling the world the gospel of peace. This statue was built in 1902, when Argentina and Chile commemorated the peaceful settlement of the border dispute in southern Patagonia.

Because of its unique geographical environment, Aconcagua Mountain has become a famous mountaineering tourist attraction in Argentina. The first person to climb the top of Aconcagua Mountain was Matthias Jebouri King, who successfully completed the climbing plan on June1897+1October 14. Since then, countless climbers have challenged this "American giant" and tried to board the "Giant _ Observatory" to enjoy the infinite beauty. If you want to conquer this behemoth, you'd better start from the Inca Bridge in the winter of 65438+February with your climbing license, cross the Aakenes Valley and barren hills, and climb westward. There are many cabins along the way. When you are tired of climbing or encounter a snowstorm, you can get into the cabin and have a rest so as to continue climbing.

The central Andes extend southward from Guayaquil Bay to the vicinity of Santiago. The climate here is dry, the vegetation is scarce, and the mountains are not undulating, showing plateau characteristics. Aarti's Pula Plateau is mainly located in Bolivia, surrounded by two mountains, and the mountains stop north of Lake Titicaca. Near the lake, three groups of mountains meet in central Peru and then separate. Finally meet in southern Ecuador. La Paz, the capital of Bolivia, is located in a magnificent valley on this plateau. The whole city crouches at the rugged valley bottom, with the "biblical apocalypse" landscape endowed by nature. La Paz exudes a unique and slightly outdated style. Narrow streets, gloomy houses and magnificent cathedrals are looming and unpredictable under the flashing neon lights.

Now that we have come to this plateau, we might as well go boating on the mythical Lake Titicaca and enjoy the unique natural scenery here. The lake on the roof of the world is located on the border between Bolivia and Peru, with an altitude of 3800 meters and an extension of more than 160 kilometers. The northwest part is larger and the northeast part is smaller, with a narrow canyon in the middle. The sky is blue, reflecting the green of the lake shore, like sapphire, and the vast lake is sparkling and boundless, as if extending to the horizon; In the distant mountains, the snowy peaks in scraggy are still dazzling in the bright sunshine. On Suriki Island by the lake, the locals are still making a traditional reed boat, which is small and exquisite, with sharp ends and very strong. The rope that binds the hull extends from the deck and bypasses the bottom of the ship all the way. It is clean and neat, and the position of each reed is extremely accurate, reaching a perfect balance and presenting a beautiful shape. Bundles of reeds are tightly tied together, and the whole ship looks like a clogs made of gold-plated wood, with a pointed tail. Legend has it that "Veracocha people" taught them this. This reed boat used to be an important means of transportation on Lake Titicaca, but it has been blurred by years.

The northern Andes, located in Colombia and Venezuela, can be divided into three regions: the eastern, central and western mountains. The western mountain range has the lowest terrain, and the large crystalline strata are similar to the highest-lying central mountain range, with the Cauca Valley in Colombia as the dividing line with the western mountain range. The eastern mountains are formed by layered rocks covered with crystalline rocks, which are separated from the central mountains by the Madrena Valley in Colombia, and some valleys are formed by fault subsidence.

Due to the influence of the Pacific and Atlantic air currents, the rainfall in the eastern and western Andes is different, and the eastern and western slopes of many mountainous areas even show completely different geographical characteristics. However, there is abundant rainfall in the east and west of Guayaquil in northern Ecuador, and there is no difference. From Guayaquil to Chile and northern Argentina, the eastern slope of the mountain range is abundant in rainfall and the western slope is extremely dry. Some experts pointed out that the warm winds on the northern coast of Peru and Chile can only reach the slopes facing the Atlantic Ocean, but can't cross the central Andes, which eventually leads to the emergence of deserts. Other experts believe that Humboldt current has cooled the prevailing southerly and southwesterly winds, stabilized the air pressure, and finally led to scarce rainfall. In the area of 30 ~ 40 south latitude, both sides of the mountain are very dry. After 40 south latitude, the prevailing westerly wind brought a lot of rainfall to the windward slope.

Generally speaking, the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature. The Andes in Colombia is a good example of the vertical climate zone changing with height. It is tropical from sea level to 9 14 meters above sea level, with an annual temperature of 24℃ ~ 28℃, which is suitable for planting tropical cash crops such as bananas, sugar cane, cocoa and coconuts. 9 14 ~ 1833 meters belongs to temperate zone, and the temperature is 18℃ ~ 24℃, which provides favorable conditions for the growth of corn and coffee. 1833 ~ 3048 meters is a cold area, and the temperature is 12℃ ~ 18℃, which is suitable for planting wheat, tomatoes and temperate fruits. 3048 ~ 3962 meters is an alpine plain. Because the temperature is too low, it is not suitable for planting trees or crops, but a barren grassland.

Due to the influence of climate, the plants in the Andes also show distinctive characteristics. With the increase of altitude, plants are distributed in strips, which is obvious in eastern Peru. The area facing the Atlantic slope to about 1.200 meters is covered by Amazon rainforest, lush and subtropical forests appear upwards, and cold-tolerant low plants, shrubs and grasslands gradually replace alpine plants. These plants have been resisting the harsh natural environment and growing tenaciously. The low slope in eastern Peru has heavy rainfall and high temperature, and a large number of broadleaf rainforests are growing. The low slopes on both sides are one of the most desolate deserts in the world. Only the tall and straight cactus thrives and becomes the only local green plant. Of course, with the change of latitude, the distribution of plants is also different, and the southern part of Chile is mostly tropical rain forest and grassland. The low slopes facing the Pacific and Atlantic oceans in northern Colombia and Ecuador are mostly equatorial rainforests.

The Andes also gave birth to the ancient culture of South America and became one of the cradles of American Indian culture. There is a legend full of magical colors circulating here. Although there are some differences, ancient legends of all ethnic groups all mention a mysterious guest with a tall figure, fair skin and a full face of beard. With infinite wisdom and magical power, he came to this world in a turbulent era and shouldered the mission of saving people from the quagmire. This is the legendary Veracocha. He brought civilization and enlightenment to the Indians in Peru, changed their way of life, and created the golden age of Indian culture, which was remembered by later generations. People will never forget that he brought Peru all kinds of skills needed by civilized society, such as medical treatment, metallurgy, farming, animal husbandry, writing and so on. He also taught the Indians a set of systematic knowledge of architectural engineering, and led them to build many peerless works, such as the road network running through the entire Inca Empire and the ancient Saxony Huaman Castle, which amazed future generations. As for the future of this Veracocha, there is no way for future generations to verify it.

In fact, among many historical sites, the most famous one is, of course, Nazca, the eighth wonder of the world. When you fly over the Nazca Plateau by plane, you will be amazed at the figures and lines drawn on the ground. When the plane passed the photos of whales and monkeys, an American bee suddenly came into view. It flapped its wings and stretched out its slender mouth, as if it were pecking nectar. The plane was advancing, and suddenly a goshawk came into view, deeply engraved on the ground. Presumably, it was created by an imaginative geometer. Next, fly over a group of wonderful figures, and you will see a group of fish and triangular patterns next to a pelican. What is even more surprising is that many graphics have reached a fairly high level of science and technology. A famous spider figure actually shows the shape of Orion, and the straight lines connecting this figure are used to track the behavior of three stars in Orion. At the same time, this figure accurately depicts the shape of a spider named "Arthropod". This kind of spider is very rare, and this kind of animal can only be found in the most remote and secretive place in the Amazon River in the world. So how did the creator of this huge painting cross the towering and steep Andes into the Amazon River to find this spider? This is really a mystery. The local people say that these lines and figures are not the products of mortals, but the works left by the demigods of Veracocha. In fact, it is impossible to prove who the Veracocha people are, let alone this huge Nazca painting.

The Andes, with a long and ancient culture, has long been recorded in the history of world civilization, which not only brought people beautiful natural scenery, but also left many human landscapes to guide people to think about that puzzling history.