What does the comprehensive reform pilot of Yiwu international trade mean?

Some progress has been made in information flow construction, such as speeding up the construction of third-party e-commerce service platform, innovating e-commerce management mechanism, establishing and perfecting Yiwu China Small Commodity Index, making Yiwu Fair and Cultural Fair bigger and stronger, and speeding up the construction of government-led public service platform that can reflect all kinds of commodity information. In terms of capital flow, it is mainly to speed up the construction of a modern financial service system, develop rural banks, loan companies, corporate finance companies and other financial institutions by introducing foreign banks, accelerate the development of industrial investment funds and equity investment funds, carry out pilot projects for RMB cross-border settlement business, and innovate foreign exchange management policies. Generally speaking, the core of the pilot reform of Yiwu international trade is how to expand the Yiwu market from the original domestic small commodity distribution transaction to the international and global commodity trade distribution center through the innovation of system and mechanism, and create new advantages in Zhejiang's economic competition. Reporter: Yiwu small commodities are scattered. Millions of products bring difficulties to product standardization and customs inspection, which greatly restricts the development of its international trade. How to crack them? Zhang Handong: The development of international trade complicates the operation of specialized markets, which is the biggest bottleneck in the development of Yiwu market. Therefore, now more than ever, Yiwu needs institutional innovation at the national level to achieve a breakthrough. The earliest Yiwu market, in order to meet the needs of the local market, gradually developed and spread to the surrounding areas, thus meeting the needs of the national market. A few years ago, with the gradual increase of international merchants, a trade model called "tourism shopping" spontaneously appeared in this market, which is actually the embryonic form of developing international trade in Yiwu market. However, with the increase in the number of foreign businessmen and the expansion of their procurement scale, the traditional customs supervision system and foreign visa mechanism have been unable to adapt to the new situation. This is a pair of fierce contradictions. On the one hand, the market itself has developed into a more efficient factor circulation mechanism, but at the same time, the market must rely on supervision and market norms to achieve planned operation. Therefore, how to achieve "manageable and fast communication" by establishing a new trade model of "market procurement" is the core point of the pilot mechanism reform in Yiwu. The pilot project in Yiwu will reflect several new trends of international trade: coordinating domestic development and opening to the outside world, reflecting the new trend of domestic and foreign trade integration; The integration trend of physical market and virtual market; From a single small commodity trade to a large market of various production factors such as equity and capital; And realize the transformation from physical transaction to product display plus order, spot transaction to futures trading. Yao: Of course, the approval of the pilot project is only the beginning. In the next few years, it is necessary to formulate more specific implementation plans and strive for more policy support at the national level. At present, the province has drafted a pilot "three-year implementation plan" and the key reform tasks have been clarified. In the next three years, it is necessary to speed up the establishment of a new trade model of "market procurement" and accelerate the construction of "Yiwu Port" and other major tasks 18. Reporter: In the face of brand-new development opportunities, how should enterprises seize the opportunities? Yao: In view of the characteristics of small commodities, the next important innovation lies in product classification management, source management and the establishment of strict market access system, and is committed to establishing an efficient, standardized and high-quality product quality supervision mechanism from the "source" of enterprise production entities. In the future, if Yiwu wants to grow into the world's leading international commodity trading center and an international trade city that is suitable for business, travel and living, it must have quality, standards, threshold access and a set of standardized management system of source management, dynamic management and responsibility traceability, and it is not open to all commodities. This entry threshold puts forward new transformation and upgrading requirements for small and medium-sized enterprises that want to enter Yiwu market and internationalize their products. They should develop from no brand to their own brand, from no quality appraisal to establishing product quality standards, from introducing technology to independent innovation. New industry: modern service industry and advanced manufacturing industry are driven by two wheels. Invest 654.38+0.5 billion yuan to develop LED industry in five years! This is one of the strategic goals of Langsha's transformation and development in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. From hosiery to LED, Weng Jinrong's development ideas are surprisingly consistent, although they all jump. In his paintings, the development path of "Langsha" LED industry is: introducing equipment and technology from Germany, focusing on the core chips with the highest added value, and then using the amplification advantage of Yiwu market to send products to all parts of the world and supply them to downstream enterprises that make application products. This growth model centered on Yiwu market is not new. In the past decades, it has helped local enterprises in Yiwu like Langsha grow and succeed. Weng Jinrong believes that this will also enable Langsha to successfully gain a place in the LED field. Weng Jinrong's stubbornness actually reflects a general intuition of Yiwu enterprises: the market is the core, the starting point and the end point of production, and industrial transformation can only be realized through the market. This intuition also coincides with a strategic intention of Yiwu pilot, "to form a modern industrial cluster led by modern service industry and advanced manufacturing industry through the market". He Meihua, vice mayor of Jinhua and mayor of Yiwu, believes that the development of Yiwu market in the past benefited from the support of light manufacturing industry in the Yangtze River Delta, especially the production and processing of consumer goods, and also provided a platform for these manufacturing enterprises to develop rapidly. Whether Yiwu market can continue to prosper in the future depends largely on whether this benign interaction with the manufacturing industry can continue. It is in this way of thinking that Yiwu has established five emerging industries in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, namely, developing new textile and handicraft materials, food and medicine bio-industry, electronic and electrical industry focusing on LED lighting and household appliances, equipment manufacturing industry and auto parts industry. After careful analysis, the so-called five emerging industries are actually "10+5", which is an extension of the original ten traditional industries and connects the past and future of Yiwu market. With the market as the core, in the future industrial vision, Yiwu service industry, which is already quite basic, will also achieve new breakthroughs. After the pilot implementation, Yiwu will take market trade as the leader, build ten platforms including trade, e-commerce, logistics, exhibition, finance, headquarters economy, creativity, shopping and tourism, business services and life services, and build an industrial cluster featuring modern service industries. New logistics: building a logistics highland of international commodity trade logistics is to the market what blood vessels are to the body. In Yiwu, the value of logistics is particularly great. Statistics show that in Yiwu, the daily road freight volume is nearly 30,000 tons, and the world's largest 17 shipping company has set up offices. The more intuitive performance is that at Xuefeng Road, at about 3 pm every day, there will be a long container fleet as far as the eye can see. At the end of the long queue is Yiwu International Logistics Center, from which at least 1000 containers full of small commodities are transported to Ningbo or Shanghai ports every day. However, the support of logistics to Yiwu market has become inadequate: the "logistics nerve" of Yiwu International Logistics Center has obviously been overloaded. Last year, the export containers of small commodities in Yiwu reached 570,000 TEU, and the design capacity of the international logistics center was only 654.38 million TEU/year, far exceeding the load. At the same time, although there are more than 2,000 local logistics enterprises in Yiwu, most of them are small in scale and weak in ability. If logistics is not upgraded, the market cannot be upgraded. At the same time, the goal of "buy the world and sell the world" is decided, and Yiwu should be built into an international logistics node city. It is gratifying that the progress of creating a new pattern of logistics has exceeded expectations. About 1 km south of Yiwu International Trade City, there is a huge modern building, which is far from the International Trade City. This is the new international logistics center called "inland port" by Yiwu people. At present, the first phase of the project has been basically completed and will be put into use on 10 this year. After the completion of the new international logistics center, it covers an area of 1050 mu with a total investment of 3 billion yuan. The design standard is 65,438+0,654,380,000 TEUs per year, which is equivalent to 65,438+00 times of the current design standard of logistics center, and can accommodate 395 container trucks for loading, unloading and inspection at the same time. This is the only one in Chinese mainland. The domestic commodity logistics center and the small commodity export supervision center will both start construction this year. In the next few years, Yiwu's investment in logistics and transportation will reach 50 billion yuan. Moreover, in the future, Yiwu will attract more international and domestic well-known third-party and fourth-party logistics enterprises to set up regional headquarters in Yiwu; Build a logistics public information platform to change the status quo of 90% container vehicles in Yiwu. "Through all these efforts, in the end, Yiwu will become a' port of origin' and a' port of destination' with domain name and port functions, and become a highland for international logistics of small commodities." Huang, director of Yiwu Logistics Office, said. New system: From the single soldier's sudden advance to the first batch of county-level cities approved by the State Council, the General Administration of Customs has implemented the supervision mode of "tourist shopping goods" and simplified classification policy in Yiwu ... Yiwu has never lacked institutional innovation. However, "these institutional breakthroughs are often sudden, and they are close to the innovation limit under the framework of the current policy system." Shi Wenzhen, director of the Policy Research Office of Yiwu Municipal Committee, believes that it is necessary to change the current policy mismatch of "small horse-drawn carts" and carry out a package of institutional innovations. Take the innovation of supervision mode as an example. Yiwu has 1.7 million kinds of small commodities. Small commodity trade has the characteristics of small scale, many trade subjects and frequent transactions, which is very different from China's current general trade and processing trade. Therefore, in the small commodity trade, if it is regulated according to the general trade mode, there are various disadvantages such as difficult classification, difficult nuclear price, high cost and low efficiency. Zhang Tao, who has been driving container trucks in Yiwu for five or six years, has a deep understanding of these disadvantages. He told reporters that most of the export containers of small commodities are assembled containers, generally there are more than a dozen products, and sometimes there are hundreds. At the earliest time, Yiwu Customs only had seven people to go through customs clearance, and he spent a lot of time in line every time. Although the number of customs inspectors has doubled, it is still obviously far behind the increase in inspection workload. In order to speed up the customs clearance of small commodities in Yiwu, the General Administration of Customs has tailored the supervision mode of "tourist shopping commodities" and the policy of simplifying the classification of small commodities for Yiwu. However, due to the unclear legal status of "market procurement" trade mode, to some extent, these are still expedient measures. Moreover, export tax rebate and other tax-related issues have not been resolved. After the pilot was approved, these problems ushered in an opportunity to crack. The pilot program clearly stipulates that "it is necessary to explore and implement regulatory measures and methods that are compatible with market procurement and trade methods". Moreover, this is a one-time fundamental breakthrough, involving five departments: customs, inspection and quarantine, taxation, foreign exchange and industry and commerce. It will not only solve the regulatory problems corresponding to the customs clearance of small commodities, but also realize "one declaration, one inspection and one release", and will also change the export tax rebate, foreign exchange verification and foreign trade subject qualification. Everything has just begun, and people have reason to believe that the new Yiwu will surely create a more brilliant business legend in human history! Links: The first stage of four stages of Yiwu market: 1978- 1984, the emergence and development stage of Yiwu market. Yiwu has a commercial tradition of "chicken feathers for sugar" since ancient times. 1At the end of 978, farmers in Choucheng and Ersanli towns in Yiwu spontaneously set up stalls on both sides of township roads, gradually forming a "road market" with relatively fixed time and place. From 65438 to 0982, the county party committee and government of Yiwu made a decision to open the small commodity market. Put forward a series of policies to allow and support market development, and invest in the construction of simple market facilities. These measures endow small commodity dealers with legal status as the main body of market operation, and a large number of farmers have joined the management team and gradually turned into professional businessmen. Since then, the first generation of small commodity market has appeared and developed rapidly. From 65438 to 0984, the market stalls grew to 1887, with an annual turnover of 232 10000 yuan. The second stage: 1984- 1992, the rapid development stage of Yiwu market. 1984, the county party committee and government of Yiwu put forward the development strategy of "prospering the county through commerce", established the leading position of the market in the economic and social development of Yiwu, and vigorously developed the small commodity market with commerce as the leading industry. By the end of 1990, it has formed the largest professional wholesale market for small commodities in China, with an area of 57,000 square meters, 8,503 fixed stalls and more than 500 temporary stalls 1500, and its turnover ranks first among the major professional markets in China. 1August 1992, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce officially named "China Commodity City". Yiwu market has developed from a regional small commodity wholesale market to a national small commodity circulation center and distribution center. The third stage: 1992- 1998, the market-driven industrial development stage (industrial and commercial linkage). 1993, the Yiwu Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government promptly proposed to guide some merchants who have completed the original accumulation to invest their commercial capital in the manufacturing industry, promote industrialization through marketization, and form an industrial system closely related to the professional market, which provided impetus for the sustainable development of Yiwu market. The fourth stage: from 65438 to 0998, the stage of urbanization and internationalization. Yiwu's industry-trade linkage strategy gave birth to and promoted the urbanization process of Yiwu, and Yiwu gradually developed into a modern commercial city. At the same time, the competition in the domestic market is becoming increasingly fierce, and domestic demand is relatively insufficient. In order to further broaden the sales channels of the small commodity market, Yiwu promptly put forward the idea of "consolidating the domestic market and expanding the international market" and actively "going out" and "bringing in". 1998, Yiwu proposed to build an "international trade city". Today, Yiwu market is centered on China Commodity City, with more than 10 professional markets and more than 30 professional streets supporting each other. With a business area of more than 4 million square meters, more than 62,000 operators and hundreds of thousands of employees and daily passenger flow, it has become the largest small commodity wholesale market in the world.