Does historical and cultural heritage include the four great inventions?

Our country has a long history and has many historical and cultural heritages of large scale, far-reaching significance and extremely high value. These precious material wealth are also spiritual wealth. In recent years, the protection and sustainable development of historical and cultural heritage have received widespread attention from all walks of life. The demand for historical and cultural heritage is not just at the level of protection. It should focus on protection and rational utilization, and explore a scientific, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable way. The path of sustainable development is now a problem faced by historical and cultural heritage. As my country's cultural relics protection work gradually deepens, people's understanding of the protection of cultural heritage has gradually increased. Cultural heritage protection work continues to develop in depth and breadth, and the protection system and protection content are constantly improved. In the "National "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection Facilities Construction Plan" issued in June 2012, the preventive protection of cultural heritage was put on the agenda. In December 2016, the "National "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for Cultural Heritage Protection and Public Cultural Services Science and Technology Innovation Plan" once again emphasized that preventive protection and rescue protection should be placed in the same position in the process of cultural relics protection. At the same time, the surrounding environment of cultural relics should also be included in the scope of protection for overall protection. However, at present, the risk protection of ancient buildings in my country is mainly based on the government and supplemented by business. There is no special legal system involving cultural heritage disaster response. The regulations on disaster prevention and reduction of cultural relics are scattered and formulated according to relatively single disaster categories. laws and regulations on disaster prevention and reduction. As my country's historical and cultural heritage, Honglincuo carries rich historical information and rich spiritual and cultural connotations. It not only has extremely high historical, scientific, artistic, social and cultural values, but also promotes local socio-economic and cultural development. plays an important role. Therefore, the protection of Honglincuo requires the attention of the government and the public. This article attempts to sort out the protection and sustainable development ideas of Honglincuo, and explore the specific problems existing in the protection and sustainable development of Honglincuo from the perspective of urban sustainable development. 2. Urban sustainable development under the system coordination theory. From the theoretical framework, the theoretical research on urban sustainable development covers the fields of economics, environmental science, ecology, system science and other fields. Cities are complex systems in which human activities and the natural environment interact and influence each other. The complex system of the city can best fully embody the unified relationship of opposites between human production and life and the environment. Its theoretical research perspective is more specific and closer to reality than the sustainable development theory. The research content of urban sustainable development theory is roughly divided into the perspective of resources and environment, the perspective of urban ecology, the perspective of economic development, the perspective of urban spatial structure and the perspective of sociology. For cities in developed countries, sustainable development emphasizes the sustainable utilization of resources and ecological environment protection. For cities in developing countries, sustainable development must emphasize "development" while taking into account the utilization and protection of resources and the environment. The system coordination theory that studies urban sustainable development issues believes that the urban system is a closely related complex system composed of subsystems such as society, economy, population, resources, environment, and ecology through mutual interaction, interdependence, and mutual constraints. For urban development systems, population, resources and environment are the basis for sustainable development, the economy is the condition for sustainable development, and social sustainable development is the goal. Sustainable urban development manifests itself as the coordinated development of these subsystems. Historical and cultural heritage belongs to the environmental system under the urban system and needs to interact with subsystems such as society, economy, population, resources, and ecology. 3 Current status of research on historical and cultural heritage protection 3.1 Current status of research on historical and cultural heritage protection in China my country’s research on historical and cultural heritage protection started relatively late. Mr. Liang Sicheng first proposed the concept of “overall protection”. In recent years, domestic scholars have also made certain research progress. Liu Hongying and Wang Jianmin discussed the existing problems of cultural heritage protection from a legal perspective; Tao Wei analyzed the main problems and contradictions in the sustainable development process of China's historical and cultural heritage sites from the perspectives of history, aesthetics, art, philosophy, etc. And put forward a solution strategy; from the perspective of strengthening the sustainable development capacity of historical and cultural heritage, Wei Xiaoan and others explained that developing cultural heritage as a market resource is the most beneficial choice for economic development; while Zheng Yuxin believed that historical and cultural heritage cannot Equivalent to general resources, their development and utilization must be measured, and "access thresholds" can be set when necessary. Since the 1990s, my country has begun to introduce risk management ideas in the field of cultural heritage protection. However, the theoretical methods need to be improved, and we mainly draw on international management measures. 3.2 Related research on the protection of world historical and cultural heritage The idea of ??protection and risk prevention of historical and cultural heritage sprouted earlier in the world. It was first proposed by Italian Brandi. He said in the book "Cultural Relics Restoration Theory": "The so-called restoration, It is an act performed and processed to maintain the material integrity of an item and to ensure the preservation and protection of its cultural value. "The early concept of heritage protection was "preventive protection", which was mainly applied to the protection of museum cultural relics. field. International organizations and national governments draw on the concept of preventive protection and actively conduct specific research on how to respond to natural disasters, enriching and enriching the theoretical knowledge of the concept of preventive protection, and risk management theory emerged as the times require. Since the 1990s, Canada has begun to invest a lot of energy in the field of risk management and achieved remarkable results. Since then, international organizations have played an increasing role in cultural heritage disaster risk management, making great contributions to the enrichment of its theories and the practical implementation of strategies.

With the continuous development of cultural heritage disaster risk management practices, the theory of disaster risk management has been continuously improved and enriched, and new technologies and methods have also been applied to provide theoretical and technical support for the effective development of cultural heritage protection work. . 4 Conservation ideas and strategies for Honglincuo 4.1 Overview of Honglincuo Honglincuo is located in Xinhu Village, Bandong Town, Minqing County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. It is the largest and best-preserved ancient residential building currently discovered in my country. It is known as the "Folk Forbidden City". Its unique architectural style and profound cultural heritage are well-known at home and abroad. The overall building layout is reasonable, with sufficient lighting and ventilation, perfect structure, convenient living, and high architectural functionality. The enemy and fire prevention system is fully equipped. The overall building composition is deeply affected by geographical conditions, and the environmental characteristics are used for clever planning and construction. At the same time, it has absorbed the essence of diversification. The architectural composition pays attention to the use of points, lines and surfaces. The color combination is simple and bright, and it pays attention to the contrast of density and density. The entire building is unique in its composition and artistic quality. Honglin House is arranged with a longitudinal central axis that goes straight into the main room with three entrances. Starting from the main door, the three entrance halls rise step by step, which not only embodies the philosophical thought of the unity of nature and man, but also includes the stable and harmonious golden mean. Honglincuo has a long history. It was first built in the 60th year of Yimao, Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1795), and was completed in 1823, Daoguang reign, which lasted 28 years. In 1997, the Minqing County Government designated Honglincuo as a county-level cultural relic protection unit, and it was opened to the public on June 1, 1998. In 2005, Honglincuo became a cultural relic protection unit in Fujian Province. Starting from June 22, 2008, the Honglincuo Museum located at the first entrance of Honglincuo is open to tourists free of charge. In 2016, the landfall of Typhoon Nibert brought severe wind and rain, flash floods, and mudslides, causing serious harm to Fujian Province and causing widespread disasters in various places. The water level of Meixi River in Minqing skyrocketed, causing Honglincuo to be soaked in floods for a long time, causing a devastating blow to Honglincuo. One-third of the rammed earth wall collapsed. The first and outer buildings collapsed. Parts of the walls in the second and third buildings were destroyed by the flood. More than 110 of the 666 rooms collapsed. "The damage is quite serious and can be described as devastating." Through the rescue efforts of rescue forces and the active self-rescue of local residents, life order in Bandong Town, Minqing, is gradually recovering. The reconstruction of Honglincuo, which was beyond recognition and severely damaged, is very difficult and requires a lot of funds. Tahoe Group donated 50 million yuan to repair the ancient residential building Honglincuo. The damaged building was repaired in 2019. 4.2 Analysis of the value of Honglincuo Honglincuo is the carrier of historical material culture and a witness of Chinese civilization. Its own value is irreplaceable. Honglincuo has many values, including historical value, scientific value, artistic value and social value. 4.2.1 Historical value Historical value is the core of realizing the comprehensive functions of historical and cultural heritage and the basis for embodying all values. Historical and cultural heritage is a specific product of human activities in a certain era. It is a real historical legacy that reflects the social life, material situation, background of the times, etc. at that time in many aspects. Honglincuo contains rich historical folklore, architecture, philosophy, calligraphy, Feng Shui and many other contents. It embodies the characteristics of the integration of Central Plains immigrant culture and local culture, highlights the cultural characteristics of the southern big family, and shows its pioneering spirit. Enterprising folk cultural spirit. 4.2.2 Scientific value Honglincuo_The scientific and technological research and cultural industry development of later generations provide extremely valuable information, which embodies ancient science and technology, and can collect a lot of important scientific and technological information from it, and can inherit the scientific research results of our ancestors. Lay a more solid foundation for more advanced science and technology. 4.2.3 Artistic value The artistic beauty of Honglincuo can, to a certain extent, stimulate people’s wisdom, enhance people’s moral emotions, and enhance people’s national pride and self-confidence. The wisdom condensed in it and the ancestors’ standards for judging beauty can all It has insurmountable artistic value and can promote the development and progress of historical society. 4.2.4 Social value Social value can be divided into educational value, spiritual value, tourism value and economic value. The social value of Honglincuo can be divided into three aspects: first, it promotes people's understanding of history and culture and enhances national cohesion; second, it is conducive to building a beautiful social environment; third, it is conducive to the sustainable development of tourism. 4.3 Current status of Honglincuo protection and existing problems 4.3.1 Current status of Honglincuo’s post-disaster restoration Post-disaster restoration of Honglincuo faces many difficulties. The Fujian Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Party Committee and the Fuzhou Municipal Government attach great importance to the restoration of Honglin House. Tahoe Group, a leading enterprise in Fujian, has given full play to its corporate social responsibility and donated 50 million yuan to restore Honglin House to protect traditional culture and retain nostalgia. . In line with the principle of "restoring the old as before", the Honglincuo construction team restored the damaged parts of the building to a high standard, from the tiles on the roof, to the carvings of the eaves, to the furnishings in the halls and to the laying of the floors of the buildings. It is built in accordance with the original design drawings, raw materials, original craftsmanship, and original shapes, while integrating historical culture and folk customs to restore the Honglin House that is closest to its original appearance. 4.3.2 Problems existing in the protection of Honglincuo 1) The awareness of protection is weak and the ancient dwellings are seriously damaged. The Honglincuo ancient dwellings that have survived to this day have experienced more than 200 years of wind and rain, coupled with the impact of the residents' daily activities inside. Many building components and some buildings have been seriously damaged, which to a certain extent affects the resource value and brand of Honglincuo. image.

The tourism development of Honglincuo deviates from the characteristic cultural features of ancient folk houses. It spends huge sums of money to build large-scale squares, new antique buildings, and antique commercial streets. It blindly pursues high tourism performance, and does not truly carry the excellent national culture and regional culture. There is very little investment in the restoration, renovation and daily maintenance of historical buildings. This behavior will undoubtedly bring greater pressure to the protection of Honglincuo ancient residences. 2) The phenomenon of "three modernizations" is serious, and the charm of ancient dwellings has been lost. The "three modernization styles" refer to urbanization, commercialization and modernization. The phenomenon of "three modernizations" is serious in the development of ancient residential buildings in Honglincuo. There used to be a large area of ??flat countryside in front of Honglincuo, but it has now been developed into an entertainment and leisure plaza covering an area of ??30,000_. Adjacent to Honglincuo, Honglin Ancient Commercial Street, consisting of antique buildings covering an area of ??more than 20,000 square meters, has also risen from the ground, with a total length of 350 meters. Surrounded by modern squares and antique streets lined with high-rise buildings, Honglincuo, which covers an area of ??17,800 square meters and is the largest single ancient residence in China, appears so small. The strong atmosphere of commercialization and modernization has obscured the ancient, unique and rich regional cultural characteristics of Honglincuo, and its cultural heritage is gradually declining. 3) The development level is low and the value of ancient dwellings is difficult to realize. The current development of Honglincuo relies on Honglin ancient buildings and Honglin Antique Commercial Street and Honglin Plaza, which were built with huge investment. It provides tourists with sightseeing tours, tour guides' explanations, antique commercial street shopping, popular food and entertainment everywhere. Activities are the main business model. The profound and unique ancient residential culture of Honglincuo has been ignored during the development, and the ancient residential culture has not been deeply explored and developed, making the ancient residential buildings empty buildings and simple tourist products. The cultural experience of Honglincuo ancient residential buildings has been neglected. Simplifying it to sightseeing in ancient buildings and shopping in antique streets has lost the attraction of Honglincuo's specific cultural resources. It can neither meet the diverse needs of tourists, but also restrict the inheritance and exchange of culture. The historical and cultural value of ancient dwellings and the value of tourism development are difficult to achieve. 4) Natural disasters bring severe challenges to the protection of cultural relics. According to information released by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the Disaster Reduction Committee, in the first three quarters of 2016, 11 earthquakes of magnitude 5 or above occurred in mainland my country, including 2 earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above; 6 typhoons landed in mainland my country. Among them, Typhoon No. 1 "Nibert" is the strongest initial typhoon to land in my country since 1949. It is also the typhoon that has landed in my country since 2011 and caused the largest number of deaths and missing persons. In addition, due to geographical location, climate and other reasons, Honglincuo also faces damage risks caused by various natural disasters and secondary disasters such as heavy rains and mudslides, and its maintenance and protection is very difficult. 4.4 Protection and prospects of Honglincuo under the sustainable development strategy 4.4.1 Principles of Honglincuo protection under the sustainable development strategy 1) Continuation of the cultural context. The development of Honglincuo ancient residences should first focus on protection, with protection as the starting point and destination. Protection not only lies in the material entity of the ancient residence itself, but more importantly, in protecting its specific natural and social ecological environment, protecting the rich intangible cultural factors it carries, and protecting its historical authenticity. In view of the varying degrees of damage to the Honglincuo building, various methods such as repair, restoration, new construction, renovation, demolition, relocation, etc. were followed to restore the original appearance of Honglincuo and "extend its life" by following the principle of "keeping the old as before". Protect its material culture. In response to the damage to the natural and social ecological environment of Honglincuo, fake antiques and antique buildings that are incompatible with the historical style should be demolished, and its original natural and social environment should be restored as much as possible, and its pioneering spirit, thrift and learning should be continued. , family harmony, and the cultural context of harmony between man and nature. 2) Highlight cultural characteristics. Honglincuo ancient residences have profound cultural heritage. In addition to the visible material culture of the building itself, the intangible culture it carries, such as national culture and regional culture, is even more favored by people. To highlight the historical and cultural characteristics of Honglincuo ancient residences, single tour guide explanations and superficial development methods such as simplistic museums and exhibition halls should be avoided. It is recommended to establish a diversified explanation information system, including information platform inquiry, commentator's speech, multimedia broadcast and interactive automatic explanation system. Optimize the setting of the Honglincuo ancient residential scene, and use modern sound, light, and electrical technologies to simulate and reproduce fragments of life scenes such as birthdays, weddings, ancestor worship and other major festivals and famous events. Visitors can not only observe and listen to the explanations, but also You can also truly participate in the interaction through virtual scenes, and savor the unique culture of Honglincuo Ancient House, which combines the culture of Central Plains immigrants and the culture of local residents. At the same time, it is recommended to open a Honglincuo Ecological Museum. In compliance with ecological principles, the museum generally does not undergo too much artificial processing and displays the material and intangible culture of Honglincuo as original as possible. A relatively authoritative and complete Honglincuo celebrity information database has been established indoors, and imitation treasures have been arranged for exhibition. All exhibits can become objects for tourists to sightsee and try out, creating a situation and atmosphere for harmonious interaction between tourists and exhibits, while controlling the flow of tourists. Next, extend your recreational stay. In addition, different themes can be established such as Baigong Lefang craft culture, Ming and Qing tea culture, calligraphy and painting culture, Huang family genealogy celebrity culture, etc., and different layouts can be made in different periods to fully demonstrate the cultural characteristics of the large southern family. 3) Improve development value. The development of Honglincuo ancient residences must change the traditional one-way information transmission model of "you listen to me, I show you to see". By revitalizing resources and experiencing them in activities, the static historical culture can be transformed into a series of cultural content that can satisfy tourists. Activities that experience participatory needs enable tourists to complete cultural cognition, experience and identification in the process of exciting and pleasant activities, realize in-depth development of cultural resources and enhance development value.

We can develop and create some interactive experience projects that are in line with the cultural background of Honglincuo, reflect folk customs, and are entertainment-based, such as study tours, experience tours, discovery tours and other interactive and participatory characteristic cultural tourism products. development. Among them, the study tour can be used to appreciate paintings, taste tea, enjoy music, talk with people in ancient houses, and taste the scholarly culture and historical celebrity culture of the Honglincuo family; the experience tour can be a Honglincuo resident for a day and experience worshiping gods and daily life. Folk customs, production folk customs and wedding etiquette, ancestor worship customs, food customs, and experience the ancient folk culture of Honglincuo; the discovery tour can test Feng Shui, find house treasure bottles, guess the door etiquette, explore the three-dimensional defense system and the fire protection system of the mansion, Guessing the role of family ritual stones, tracing the origins of Huang people, etc., tour the largest single ancient house in China, and explore the cultural connotations of science and architecture. 4.4.2 Outlook of Honglincuo under the sustainable development strategy 1) Coordinated development of protection and utilization. The two-pronged approach of protection and utilization is an effective way to realize the comprehensive functions of historical and cultural heritage. The protection and utilization of Honglincuo is a scientific, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable path. In the process, attention must be paid to the reconstruction of cultural relics and human relationships to achieve sustainable inheritance and utilization. It can promote public participation, increase interactive experience projects such as experience tours and study tours, and create a good atmosphere for sharing, interact and promote two-way empowerment, and achieve value creation. 2) Integration of culture and tourism. Converting resources into tourism products has gradually become a way of cultural tourism. The tourism of heritage sites and museums allows the public to feel the information conveyed by the heritage not only through the historical and cultural heritage itself, but also through tourism products and cultural services, which helps to improve the quality of tourism. “Using culture to shape tourism and using tourism to highlight culture” is an important means to make cultural relics “come alive”. The audience's demand for high-quality tourism culture has been increasing day by day. Under the current new background of integrating culture and tourism, what is important is how to meet the audience's demands and fully transform cultural relics resources into tourism resources, thereby effectively easing the protection and utilization of Honglincuo. contradiction between. Within the framework of cultural tourism policies and environment, we should focus on the needs of the audience, strengthen the construction of tourism product systems, strengthen the in-depth integration of cultural relics protection and tourism, guide supply through market demand, activate static cultural traditions and history, and create in cultural tourism Create a professional, interesting and down-to-earth museum image. 3) Radiate the utilization of resources in surrounding scenic spots. Focus on protection and rational utilization to form a "point-to-area" tourism development model to promote the balanced development of the tourism industry in Honglincuo and surrounding areas. The surrounding Liuye Temple can be combined with Honglincuo to form an integrated scenic spot to enrich tourism resources; a park can also be established in cooperation with neighboring villages to attract more people. 4) Promote the development of cultural and creative industries. Make full use of the cultural resources of Honglincuo, and use diversified methods to transform cultural resources into tourism products and cultural and creative products on the premise of giving priority to protection. The deep integration of culture and cultural creativity means that firstly, cultural products can be derived, and secondly, scientific and technological means can be used to integrate historical and cultural resources into the current popular elements to develop cultural and creative products that combine personalization and applicability. The development of cultural and creative products is future-oriented, and its target audience is mainly young people. We can combine the history and culture of Honglincuo with cultural and creative products, use diversified industries as the starting point, create something fresh, provide content that keeps pace with the times, follow the trend of the times, and combine the cultural elements of Honglincuo with young people. Human pace combined. 5) Strengthen ecological and environmental protection. Natural disasters and extreme climate problems are still huge hidden dangers threatening Honglincuo. Protecting the balance and stability of Honglincuo's ecological environment is crucial to conservation work. It is necessary to strengthen risk prediction and assessment before disasters, prevent major disasters, and reduce the damage of natural disasters to cultural relics. 6) Enhance the awareness of cultural relics protection among diverse subjects. Further strengthen the protection pattern with the government as the main body and diverse participation. The government needs to further take measures to protect cultural relics in advance to control natural disasters and man-made damage before they occur. It also needs to further strengthen post-disaster protection measures. At the same time, it needs to awaken and cultivate the local people's awareness of the protection of Honglincuo. This can be done by expanding publicity , let local people learn about the scientific protection of ancient buildings, cultivate local school-age children's interest in ancient building culture, broaden public horizons, trigger local people's thinking and enhance protection awareness. 5 Conclusion Honglincuo ancient dwellings not only have traditional cultural characteristics, but also carry unique regional culture and are precious historical and cultural heritage. The idea of ??emphasizing development and neglecting protection should be abandoned, the superficial low-level development method should be changed, based on its cultural characteristics, its cultural connotation should be deeply excavated and highlighted, and the depth of development should be improved through a series of cultural activities. Under the guidance of the theory of sustainable development, the development of Honglincuo should first focus on protection, take protection as the starting point and destination, restore the old to the greatest extent possible, and continue its pioneering spirit, advocating thrift and learning, family harmony, and the unity of nature and man. cultural context. In terms of museum display and layout, the historical and cultural characteristics of ancient dwellings are highlighted, the coordinated development of protection and utilization is achieved, the development of the cultural industry is promoted through the combination of culture and tourism, the surrounding scenic spots are radiated, the ecological environment protection is strengthened, and the public's awareness of cultural relics protection is enhanced. Strengthen the joint protection of multiple entities, adopt relevant effective protection measures, and improve the effectiveness of cultural heritage protection.

Source: Historical and cultural heritage protection and sustainable development - research based on Honglincuo and related historical and cultural heritage