What is Finland?

country name: The Republic of Finland (Suomen tasavalta)

independence day: December 6, 1917

national flag: rectangular, with the ratio of length to width of 18: 11. The flag is white. A wide blue cross bar slightly to the left divides the flag into four white rectangles. Finland is known as the "country of thousands of lakes", bordering the Baltic Sea in the southwest, and the blue flag symbolizes lakes, rivers and oceans; The other one symbolizes the blue sky. More than a quarter of Finland's territory is in the Arctic Circle, and the climate is cold. The white flag symbolizes the land covered with snow. The cross on the flag represents Finland's close relationship with other Nordic countries in history. The national flag was made around 186 at the suggestion of Finnish poet ToCharies Topelius.

national emblem: it is a red coat of arms. On the shield is a golden lion with a crown, with a sword in his front paw and a machete in his back paw. Nine white roses are dotted around the lion. The lion symbolizes the courage and strength of the Finnish people, and nine roses represent nine provinces in Finnish history.

National anthem: Motherland

National dignitaries: President Tarja Halonen, who took office in March 2; Matti Vanhanen, Prime Minister, took office in June 23.

physical geography: the area is 338,145 square kilometers. Located in the north of Europe, it is bordered by Norway in the north, Sweden in the northwest, Russia in the east, the Gulf of Finland in the south, and the Gulf of Bohnia without tide in the west. The terrain is high in the north and low in the south. The northern Manselkia hills are 2-7 meters above sea level, the central part is 2-3 meters moraine hills, and the coastal areas are plains below 5 meters above sea level. Finland is rich in forest resources. The national forest area is 26 million hectares, and the per capita forest land is 5 hectares, ranking second in the world in terms of per capita forest land. 69% of the country's land is covered by forests, ranking first in Europe and second in the world. Tree species are dominated by spruce forest, pine forest and birch forest, and the dense jungle is full of flowers and berries. Lake Sema in the south covers an area of 4,4 square kilometers and is the largest lake in Finland. Finnish lakes are connected with narrow waterways, short rivers and rapids, thus forming a waterway that communicates with each other. The inland water area accounts for 1% of the total area of the country. There are about 179, islands and 188, lakes, which is called "the country of thousands of lakes". Finland's coastline twists and turns, as long as 11 kilometers. Fish resources are abundant. One third of Finland is located in the Arctic Circle, and the climate in the north is cold and snowy. In the northernmost part, the sun can't be seen for 4-5 days in winter, and it can be seen day and night from the end of May to the end of July in summer. It has a temperate maritime climate. The average temperature is-14℃ to 3℃ in winter and 13℃ to 17℃ in summer, and the average annual rainfall is 6 mm.

population: 5.195 million (22), most of whom live in the south where the climate is mild. Among them, Finns account for 92.4%, Swedes account for 5.6%, and a small number of Sami (also known as Lapps). The official languages are Finnish and Swedish. 84.9% of the residents believe in Christian lutheranism and 1.1% believe in Orthodox Church. Finland International Sauna Competition > > >

capital: Helsinki has a population of 56, (22). The average temperature is 16℃ in summer and-5℃ in winter.

the world-famous Finnish wooden house > > >

administrative divisions: the whole country is divided into five provinces and one autonomous region: South Finland, East Finland, West Finland, Oulu, Rabi and Oran Autonomous Region.

brief history: about 9 years ago, at the end of the ice age, the ancestors of Finns moved here from the south and southeast. Before the 12th century, Finland was a primitive commune society. It became part of Sweden in the second half of the 12th century and became a principality of Sweden in 1581. After the war between Russia and Sweden in 189, it was occupied by Russia and became a grand duchy under Russian rule. The czar also served as the Grand Duke of Finland. After the October Revolution in 1917, Finland declared its independence on December 6 of the same year, and in 1919, it established the Republic of China. After the Finnish-Soviet War from 1939 to 194 (Finland called it "the Winter War"), Finland was forced to sign the Finnish-Soviet Peace Treaty with the former Soviet Union to cede territory to the Soviet Union. From 1941 to 1944, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union, and Finland participated in the war against the Soviet Union (Finland called it "continuation war"). In February 1944, Finland, as a defeated country, signed the Paris Peace Treaty with the Soviet Union and other countries. In April 1948, it signed a "Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance" with the Soviet Union. Finland joined the European Union in 1995 after the Cold War.

University of Finland students wear hats

Politics: According to the Constitution, the legislative power of the state is made by the parliament and the president of the country. As the head of state, the President has the real power to appoint the government, take charge of foreign affairs and command the three armed forces, and is elected every six years. In 1999, the Finnish Parliament adopted a new constitution, the name of which was changed from the Organic Law of the Government to the Constitution. The new constitution strengthens the role of parliament and government in the country's political life, and reduces some powers of the president. Parliament is a unicameral system, which is the highest organ of state power and legislature. It is composed of 2 members directly elected by voters for a term of four years. Its main functions are to legislate, supervise the government and finance. The highest judicial organs are the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court. The Supreme Court, composed of the President and 19 judges, is responsible for hearing civil and criminal cases. The Supreme Administrative Court is composed of the president and 2 judges, and is responsible for hearing administrative cases of government agencies and provincial, municipal (county) institutions. The prosecution organs are procuratorates at all levels. In addition, there is a national legal inspector, who has the right to attend cabinet meetings and supervise whether the decisions of the president, cabinet and government departments conform to the constitutional provisions. The presidents, judges and procurator-general of the Supreme Court and the Supreme Administrative Court are appointed by the President.

economy: the forest coverage rate is as high as 66.2%, about 2.153 million hectares, the per capita possession is 3.88 hectares, and the timber storage is 2.2 billion cubic meters. There are more copper in mineral resources, and a small amount of iron, nickel, vanadium and cobalt. Peat is rich in resources, with proven reserves of about 7 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 4 billion tons of oil. There are two nuclear power plants (four nuclear reactors). Industry developed rapidly in 199s, and it has changed from labor-intensive and capital-intensive to technology-intensive. Wood processing, paper-making and forestry machinery manufacturing based on forests are the economic pillars, and they are advanced in the world. The output of the whole forest industry accounts for 5% of the world's total output, and it is the second largest exporter of paper and paperboard in the world, accounting for 25% of the world's exports. Finland is also the fourth largest exporter of pulp in the world. The developed information industry has greatly promoted the economic development of our country. In 21, the output value was 13.776 billion euros, accounting for 1.5% of GDP. Information technology commodities (computers, communication equipment, etc.)

The largest Christian

wooden church in the world-Kaili Maiji Church built in 1847

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the export volume was 12.15 billion euros, accounting for 3.9% of the export volume. Finland is one of the countries with the highest proportion of Internet access and the highest number of mobile phones per capita. In 21, there were 54 access terminals for every 1 people, and the mobile phone penetration rate was 8.4%. In 21, the output value of agriculture and forestry was 4.3 billion euros, accounting for 3.9% of the GNP of that year. Agriculture and forestry are closely combined, and almost all farmers operate a certain amount of forest land. Agricultural and livestock products are more than self-sufficient. In recent years, the chemical and electronic industries have developed rapidly. The service industry is developed and basically divided into two categories: private service industry and public management service industry. Mainly including commerce, trade, hotels, restaurants, banks, insurance, social services and public services. The main tourist spots are Helsinki, Turku, the central lake area, the northern Labi area and Oran Island. Finland's export commodities mainly include machinery and equipment, chemical products, metals, paper and cardboard, etc. Imported commodities mainly include food, petroleum and petroleum products, steel, textiles and feed. In the 198s, the Finnish economy continued to develop at an average annual growth rate of 3.7%. In the early 199s, the economy experienced a serious recession. It began to recover in 1993, and the economy has developed well on the whole since 1994. In the early 199s, the Finnish government completed the economic restructuring, increased the proportion of knowledge-based economy in the national economy, attached importance to investment in science and technology, developed high-tech and information technology, and continued to implement macro policies of tightening finance, encouraging investment, cutting social welfare, reducing income tax, speeding up the privatization of state-owned enterprises and improving employment, so as to maintain steady economic growth. Joined the euro in 1999, and officially circulated in January 22, replacing the Finnish mark. In 22, influenced by the world economic downturn, Finland's economic growth was slow. In 22, the GDP was 139.7 billion euros, and the per capita GDP was 26,8 euros.

A Finnish child takes a sauna in a mini-mobile sauna. Finns love saunas. In this country with a population of only 5.2 million, there are nearly 2 million saunas, large and small. Everyone in Finland has been fumigated and baptized by saunas almost since infancy.

military: the president is the supreme commander of the army. The National Defense Commission is the highest advisory body. The Prime Minister is responsible for leading national defense activities in civil affairs. The Commander-in-Chief of the National Defence Force is responsible for military defense activities. Compulsory military service is implemented, with a service period of 8 to 11 months.

press and publication: in 21, there were 28 newspapers and 5,158 magazines and periodicals in China. The main newspapers are Helsinki News, Evening News, Morning News, Evening News, Turku News and Capital Daily. There are five news agencies, the largest of which is Finnish news agency, which was founded in 1915. It is semi-official and has business ties with major news agencies in the world. Finnish Broadcasting Company, YLE) was founded in 1926 and changed to state-run in 1934. Broadcast in Finnish, Swedish, English, German and French. Television was officially launched in 1958, and there are 1 TV, 2 TVs and 3 TVs. In addition, there are private advertising TV stations. In the 197s, there was cable TV (Helsinki Cable TV).

Finnish people welcome the Holy Birthday

Diplomacy: After World War II, they have long pursued an "active policy of peace and neutrality" of maintaining good-neighborly and friendly relations with the Soviet Union, not intervening in conflicts among major powers, and developing friendly relations with other countries. After the end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Finland made major adjustments to its foreign policy and made developing relations with the European Union the diplomatic focus. It became a full member of the European Union on January 1st, 1995. Finland still adheres to the military non-alignment and independent and reliable defense policy, and closely cooperates with NATO. At the same time, it continues to maintain good-neighborly relations with Russia and supports Russia's integration into the international community.

relations with China: on October 28th, 195, Sulan established diplomatic relations with China. In 1951, embassies were set up, and in 1954, they were upgraded to embassies. In November 22, President Halonen visited China.