Myanmar Golden Triangle

The Golden Triangle refers to a triangle located in the border areas of Thailand, Myanmar and Laos in Southeast Asia. Because this area is rich in opium and other drugs, it is the main drug producing area in the world, making the Golden Triangle famous all over the world. The "Golden Triangle" covers Shan, Kachin, Chiang Rai, Langnanta, phongsaly province, Udomsay in northern Chiang Mai and Luang Prabang in western China, with more than 3,000 villages and towns. The total area is 6.5438+0.94 million square kilometers.

Because most of the "Golden Triangle" areas are located in mountainous areas above 1000 meters above sea level, the climate is hot, the rainfall is abundant and the soil is fertile, which is very suitable for the growth of poppies. In addition, the dense jungle, rugged roads and traffic jams here are beyond the reach of the three governments, which provides unique conditions for poppy cultivation in politics, economy, geography and climate.

Qingsheng County, located on the Thai side of the "Golden Triangle", was a famous drug source in the past. In 1960s, it became one of the four major drug producing areas because of its rich opium, and became a golden zone for poppy cultivation, refining, trafficking and smuggling. For a long time, there are many anti-government armed forces and other drug armed forces here, so it is also called "adventurer's paradise". Since the implementation of the alternative planting policy, the local poppy cultivation has fallen sharply. In order to help local farmers find jobs, the Thai authorities have also vigorously promoted the development of tourism, and now it has become one of the most popular tourist attractions for foreign tourists.

Although successive governments of the three countries have done anti-drug work, they have failed to effectively stop the development of poppy cultivation in this area. /kloc-from the end of 0/9 to the beginning of the 20th century, Britain, the United States, France and other countries successively went to this area to teach cultivation, refining and selling techniques, and bought opium. In 1950s, the first opium production climax was formed here, followed by the "golden age" in 1960s, and the output rose from dozens of tons to about 200 tons. By the early 1980s, the output had reached about 700 tons, reaching 6544. 1989 doubled, and the output reached 2400 tons. At 199 1, it has exceeded the 3000-ton mark.

In addition, there are many heroin processing plants in the "Golden Triangle" area, most of which are located in deep mountains and dense forests, and a large number of technicians operate advanced machinery and equipment to work day and night. Because the opium in the "Golden Triangle" area is of high quality, and most of it is processed into refined heroin, "sea heroin" has become a special term for high-quality heroin and is sold all over the world.

In the "Golden Triangle" area of Thailand, there are Miao, Yao and Gelao people who have been good at growing poppies for generations. Poppy cultivation is the main source of their economic income and a shortcut to get rich. As a result, more and more people are engaged in poppy cultivation, and drug production is also increasing.

Myanmar is the country with the largest poppy cultivation area and the largest output in the "Golden Triangle" region. The people living here are mainly ethnic minorities in Myanmar, who have been growing poppies for generations. In order to resist the government and protect their opium cultivation, local residents armed themselves. Among these armed forces, the largest one is Kunsa (Khun Sa) Group, which is located on the former Myanmar-Thailand border. They have a strong and well-trained armed force of nearly 3000 people. This unit is dressed in military uniforms, well-equipped and experienced in combat.

From the end of11970 s to the beginning of11980 s, some poppy plantations were destroyed as the Burmese and Thai troops stepped up their attacks on Kunsa Group. At the same time, the United Nations Anti-drug Fund allocated special funds to implement the policy of replacing food and coffee with poppy cultivation in the "Golden Triangle" area. In a period of time, it has achieved results, and the output of opium poppy has fallen sharply, making the "Golden Crescent" in Central Asia once replace the Golden Triangle and become the largest opium production base in the world. However, since 1986, poppy production in the "Golden Triangle" has rapidly resumed development, with a sharp increase in output, which greatly exceeded the historical record and once again became the world's number one opium production base.

Heroin trafficked through the "Golden Triangle" region accounts for 60% ~ 70% of the world total every year, and the annual output of heroin in this region can meet the global heroin consumption demand for two years. 1996 65438+ 10, the armed forces led by Kunsa surrendered to the government. However, the drug production in this area has not stopped, and it is still the second largest opium producing area in the world after the "Golden Crescent".

Poppy is not native to the Golden Triangle. The drug problem in the Golden Triangle is closely related to the constant changes in politics and international relations in this region. It is the influence of internal and external political forces that leads to the continuous strengthening and development of opium economy and eventually becomes one of the most important drug empires in the world. The drug problem in the Golden Triangle area is getting more and more serious. From the development of history, region, drug quantity and drug quality, the drug development in the Golden Triangle can be simply divided into several stages: the colonial era (marked by the end of the Dien Bien Phu campaign in 1954), the remnant era of the Kuomintang (as long as 1950) and the Vietnam War era (spanning 65438+1966) Khun Sa era (around 10+1980) and post-Khun Sa era (since Khun Sa surrendered): from the perspective of changes in opium-producing areas, they are: Laos era, Thailand-Myanmar border era and Myanmar-North border era; In terms of quantity, it is a leap-forward increase in drug planting area and opium production; From the quality point of view, it is the continuous development of drug types, which has experienced the transformation from the traditional "opium kingdom" to "heroin kingdom" and "ice kingdom".

[Edit this paragraph] Don't forget the soul of southern Xinjiang-the "blue flag army" that defends the land and fights drugs.

The well-known "Golden Triangle" is one of the two largest drug dens in the world, which is tied with Colombia in South America. Little known, however, is that it was the evil British who planted the first poisonous seed here. It is also little known that under the leadership of Lin Honglie, the resigned magistrate, the Manchu authorities launched an epic struggle with British thieves in extremely difficult and helpless circumstances to resist the invasion of British foreigners and drug cultivation. ：

1825, a fully armed British expedition arrived in the so-called "golden triangle" area today, but there was no such name at that time. Like the British who are active in other parts of the earth, this expedition is eager to explore the terrain and devour the soil and thieves. They quickly expelled most of the aborigines with advanced weapons that the locals had never seen before, and camped in Kokang County in the north of the Golden Triangle. Through a comprehensive investigation of this area, the British think it is very suitable for growing opium. After three years of trial planting, it was very successful, so they began to grow opium in a large area in Kokang and Damengyang. Most of the opium harvested was sold to Chinese mainland, poisoning China people.

At that time, the area where the British thieves were located was the China-Myanmar border, which is the main distribution area of the Shan people in Myanmar today (that is, the Dai people in China). Among them, four northern counties such as Kokang and Banhong (the names and areas of the other two counties are unknown) belong to China and are under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province. Therefore, the British thief's action was strongly opposed by the Burmese dynasty, and the local Shan gangs rose up to resist. In addition, the powerful Qing government also intervened, so they were quickly expelled. However, the British and foreigners, whose basic national policy is aggression and expansion, have fully realized the economic value of Myanmar and its geostrategic value as the invasion of the Chinese Empire in the future. As a result, British India was quickly used as a base for waging war against Myanmar, and was twice occupied by armed forces, destroying the Burmese dynasty and merging into India to become a province.

1840, the first opium war between China and Britain, the Qing Empire was defeated. Since then, the great dignity of this 5,000-year-old empire, like its vast territory, has been rapidly swallowed up by emerging western powers.

1On July 24th, 886, under the coercion of the British, the Qing Dynasty signed the humiliating Sino-British Myanmar Treaty, ceding the four counties of Kokang and Banhong in southern Yunnan to the British. In this way, the British and foreigners completely controlled the Golden Triangle and began to sow the seeds of evil in this land.

Lin Honglie, former county magistrate of Kokang County. After being boldly ceded, he angrily resigned as the magistrate of Che (Jinghong) granted by the Qing court and led 1000 loyal officers and men.

Against English thieves alone.

Luo Zhiman, the leader of the local Shan nationality, strongly opposed the cultivation of opium by British and foreigners, and exposed his pole to resist British thieves. Rob was quickly brutally suppressed by the British army and forced to lead the remnants to retreat into the mountains and persist in fighting. After Lin Honglie set out, Luo Zhiman led a mutiny and formed an "anti-British blue flag army" with Lin.

After the formation of the Blue Flag Army, Lin Honglie was the grand marshal and Luo Zhiman was the general. They recruited brave men and supported more than 20,000 people to fight against the British for a long time. The blue flag army confronted the British army for five or six years. During this period, a large number of opium fields were destroyed, and the effective force of the British army was eliminated, which gave it a powerful blow. Unable to do anything about this army, the British and foreigners used diplomatic means to pressure the Qing court to send troops to cooperate with the suppression of the blue flag army. The corrupt Qing government was forced to accept this request. Alas, the loyal and skillful Blue Flag Army was attacked on both sides and had no reinforcements. Although it was a desperate battle, it was outnumbered and began to retreat. In the end, Lin Honglie and Luo Zhiman led 5,000 soldiers back to the Sawen River and were encircled by the British army and the Qing army. Five thousand elites finally ran out of ammunition and food, and all died heroically.

After the failure of the Blue Flag Army, the unimpeded service of Britain and Yi made the local people plant opium vigorously, and finally made the Golden Triangle area become the opium base today and the birthplace of drugs strongly accused by western authorities including the British government today. The four counties of Kokang and Banhong, which belong to China, are still controlled by Myanmar.

When I got the information for writing this article, I felt a lot, but I summarized it as three points:

1) I sincerely admire the officers and men of the Blue Flag Army headed by Lin Honglie, who died heroically in order to defend their country in the extremely difficult environment in southern Xinjiang. The patriotism of boxing is self-evident. Marshal Lin Honglie, in particular, did not drag out an ignoble existence at that time, but chose the road of resolutely resigning from his post and fighting bloody battles under the humanistic environment in which being an official was the greatest pursuit of his life, under the social reality that the magistrate in the border region was an out-and-out "local tyrant" and under the humiliating situation that the border people were about to be enslaved. Although he failed to devote himself in the end, he used his life to write an article about the Chinese nation.

2) After a century of humiliation, the ancient empire lost its endless territory and dignity. However, while paying attention to Mongolia, Kuye and Iwo Jima and rejoicing for the return of Hong Kong and Macao, we must not forget that there is still a territory controlled by foreign countries in the far south of Xinjiang. If we can't recover these lost lands, how can we face the ancestors who opened up territory for us and fought bloody battles to defend the frontier?

3) Britain is one of the leading countries in drug control today. Show determination, throw money, support international anti-drug organizations, think that they suffer the most, and make a "bitter cauliflower" appearance. But I don't know whether he is playing dumb or really stupid. The earliest big drug dealer, a drug trafficking organization much larger than the current "Colombian drug trafficking group" or "Golden Triangle drug trafficking group", is the ancestor of Princess Diana, a romantic, gentle, virtuous and caring woman, and her former mother-in-law! Judging from the nature of army building and the purpose of its activities,

China's "Anti-British Blue Flag Army" is the earliest armed anti-drug organization in the world!

[Edit this paragraph] Attachment: There is no army of the motherland.

After the defeat of the Eighth Army of Xiang, Li Mi retreated to Taiwan Province, leaving the soldiers to escape alone. Among them, the 93rd Division went south, starting from Guangxi, and gradually retreated to the junction of Myanmar, Thailand and Laos before settling down.

On the way back, a soldier was really hungry, ran to a nearby farmland, stole a farmer's sweet potato and was shot by the company commander on the spot. -Who said that the Kuomintang army had no military discipline? Regular troops are also very strict. Over the past six months, the 93rd Division of the Eighth Army has been living in a state of no fixed place and wandering from place to place. On New Year's Eve of 50 years, I finally muddled through and entered Myanmar. In the process of escape, the 93rd Division and the remnants of another regiment and a division took away 7,000 soldiers who refused to surrender and their families.

However, the Burmese government didn't want to accept them, so the war began. Although the soldiers of the national army have been defeated repeatedly in the civil war, they are more than enough to deal with the Burmese government forces. Strike three times, hit five places and hit two places, beating the Burmese army out of the water and finally gaining a foothold in the Golden Triangle. The Myanmar government subsequently complained to the United Nations, which is another story. When Li Mi saw that his disabled soldiers had actually gained a firm foothold in the Golden Triangle and won the Burmese government army, he immediately ran out and said, "Our army won on the border of China, which is the basis for counterattacking the mainland, and then looked for foreign aid everywhere." However, the brothers of the 93rd Division had already given up fighting. After years of fighting, the officers and men of the National Army just wanted to return to Taiwan Province Province early, but Li Mi resolutely refused. Li Mi wanted to get capital from Chiang Kai-shek, and the remnants of the Eighth Army in Yunnan just proved their role. After a year's rest, Li Mi asked the 93rd division commander to counterattack the mainland. At first, the national army launched a rapid offensive and won four counties in succession. But later, surrounded by three liberation divisions, he finally lost and returned to Myanmar again. At this time, the Burmese army had reached an agreement with India and decided that India would send troops to help the Burmese army drive away the remnants of the Kuomintang. This was a fierce battle, and the national army won the final victory, but it was also a tragic victory. The remnants of the Kuomintang defeated the Indian-Burmese Coalition forces with less than ten thousand troops. Completely stopped at the China-Myanmar border. Later, the United Nations decided to evacuate the rest of the Kuomintang to Taiwan Province Province, and Li Mi asked the elderly, the sick and the disabled to evacuate, leaving the main force behind. But there is no power to fight back against the mainland. They wanted to go back to the mainland, but the government refused. In this way, an army without a motherland appeared in the Golden Triangle ... Later, opium was planted to survive. Over the years, they have never forgotten that they are from China!

Although the first counter-offensive against the mainland in the Yunnan-Myanmar border region ended in failure, it had a great impact! Li Mi was even more excited in Taipei, saying that with less than 3,000 down archers, four counties were connected in a week, which showed the strength of "Yunnan's resistance to the Zionist Army", and so on. That makes sense. The remnants of the Kuomintang gained a little upper hand at first, and then tens of thousands of talents from three divisions were urgently dispatched to settle down. Since then, the establishment of a military region and the construction of a military academy in Kunming have a lot to do with the bandits' original pay.

In the late 1950s, the * * * Army reached an agreement with the Myanmar government to secretly send troops to the border areas of Yunnan and Myanmar to wipe out Chiang Kai-shek bandits. However, this time the troops were not very smooth. 1. The remnants of the Kuomintang have been active in the Yunnan-Myanmar border area for many years and are familiar with the terrain. 2.* * * The army went abroad to fight, the climate and geography were unknown, and the supply was insufficient. Therefore, repression became a pursuit. * * * army retreat, people will come back. Later, Li Mi withdrew about 3,300 old, weak, sick and disabled soldiers to Taiwan Province Province, but still left about 2,500 soldiers as the main basis for its counter-offensive against the mainland. Basically, it is based on the establishment of two regiments, and the personnel in the division are evacuated.

Since the 1960s, our Party has had a thorough understanding of the remnants of the Kuomintang in the mainland. However, with the approaching of 1965 when the Kuomintang attacked the mainland again, Li Mi once again asked the soldiers of the national army in the Yunnan-Myanmar border region to actively prepare for the second counterattack against the mainland. However, the soldiers of the national army who stayed at the Yunnan-Myanmar border are very aware of their own strength, so it is good to stay honestly. Who had to go out and die? As a result, the soldiers disobeyed orders, and the matter was finally dropped.

In the 1960s, China began to export * * * to the surrounding areas, and successively * * * proletarian revolutionary movements broke out in Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia. Myanmar * * * and government forces have started a continuous war. It is said that the father of Myanmar celebrity Aung San Suu Kyi is firmly opposed to * * *. At this time, in order to obtain the residence approval of the Myanmar government, the soldiers of the 93rd Division had to go to war with Myanmar again. Later, Myanmar couldn't win, and the soldiers of the national army suffered heavy casualties. The most terrible thing is that there is no supply at all (since the United Nations said that Li Mi had withdrawn its troops, the supply line of the 93rd Division via Thailand has also been frozen. Therefore, there are fewer and fewer soldiers left. Dozens of armed forces, large and small, have been formed in the border areas of Yunnan, Thailand and Myanmar. The Burmese government is completely helpless and wants to improve its combat effectiveness by recruiting its own veterans, but the soldiers of the 93rd Division are unwilling to give up their motherland and join Myanmar.

Later, after years of war, there was no supply. Soldiers from the National Army, Myanmar and a Myanmar detachment began to collectively grow opium in the Golden Triangle, forming the largest drug production and processing base in the world! It is very popular in China to raise funds for military spending by growing opium. In 1980s, after China's reform and opening up, during the honeymoon period between China and the United States, most of the 93rd Division veterans who stayed in the border areas of Yunnan and Myanmar were over 60. They proposed to the motherland, hoping to return to the motherland. After all, the war 50 years ago has become a thing of the past ... but for various reasons, the mainland government rejected their request and they had to ask to stay in Myanmar again, but Myanmar rejected their application on the grounds that you refused last time.

Finally, the officers and men of the 93rd Division who stayed in the Yunnan-Myanmar border area for nearly 40 years became an army without the motherland. ...

After all, they are all descendants of Chinese people. They still celebrate the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival every year, sing China folk songs and speak the language of China. ...

In a foreign country, in order to survive, we have to work with the Burmese government forces, the Indian-Burmese Coalition forces, the mainland for different beliefs and gangs, and Myanmar. ...

Over the past 40 years, they have waged unremitting wars for survival, which embodies the tenacity and perseverance of the Chinese nation. ...

Song "Golden Triangle"

Jolin Tsai

Lyrics: Chen Zhenchuan Composed by Nick Springs/Thea Hall/Rasquin /RNG.

Gentle, put aside, fake smile, put aside.

Swing on the elephant's back

The sweat accumulated on the clavicle is wet.

The sun is shining violently.

I can hardly open my eyes, which are gray.

Cut off the news of the civilized world

Pause unresolved issues.

Forgot the date of going home

Gentle, put it away first. The beginning of life is not good.

Put away the smirk first, no one is going to dump it.

Hide the alarm clock and run wild first.

Patience, lock it up first I have a gold medal to avoid death.

The rule of escaping from mile after mile

Subvert the truth of being smart and sensible

Forgive the depression that has not been given up.

Hide yourself.

Want to be in a daze, want to be high, want to be high.

The Golden Triangle allows pranks.

The river bed is covered with moss, and no one wants to come here.

Cut off the news of the civilized world

Pause unresolved issues.

Forgot the date of going home

Gentle, put it away first. The beginning of life is not good.

Put away the smirk first, no one is going to dump it.

Hide the alarm clock and run wild first.

Patience, lock it up first I have a gold medal to avoid death.

The rule of escaping from mile after mile

Subvert the truth of being smart and sensible

Forgive the depression that has not been given up.

I don't want to face pressure. I'm sorry

Objection to all suggestions. Thank you.

I haven't forgotten my original self.

No one can give up, don't doubt it.

Gentle, put it away first

Turn off the fake smile first.

Hide the alarm clock first

Lock up patience first.

Gentle, put it away first. The beginning of life is not good.

Turn off the fake smile first, even if the golden triangle is not good.

Hide the alarm clock and run wild first.

Patience, lock it up first I have a gold medal to avoid death.

Cut off the news of the civilized world

Pause unresolved issues.

Forgot the date of going home

Transfer from /view/23698.htm