What infectious diseases should I pay attention to when traveling abroad?

Tourism can not only get close to nature, but also experience the life of local people. On a hot day, it should be cool to wear T-shirts and shorts, but unexpectedly, the jade legs were "ravaged" by extra-large mosquitoes, and the snow-white skin became "sika deer". In the crowded hall of Moscow railway station, next to the big man, a sneeze splashed all over the water, which was inevitable, so we had to cover our mouths at the risk of suffocation. Don't laugh at the above situation, it is probably the transmission route of malaria, diphtheria and meningitis. Don't underestimate the power of infectious diseases. First of all, malaria is caused by mosquito bites and insect bites. Don't underestimate the power of mosquitoes, but they can be big or small; The small ones are itchy and unbearable, and the big ones cause malaria, Japanese type B meningitis and typhus. For example, in South Africa, where the new comet visited, the staff of the local wildlife park will definitely participate in the "medication time" on several designated days every month to prevent malaria, which is enough to prove its seriousness. So I also want to remind tourists that if you want to enjoy a romantic trip in South Africa, don't forget to take "pills" in advance. Doctors even suggest wearing long-sleeved clothes outdoors as much as possible to reduce physical exposure. In addition, gastroenteritis and influenza are the most common infectious diseases in travel. According to statistics, about 20% to 50% of tourists who leave for two weeks are infected with this disease. In recent years, gastroenteritis has become more rampant in Mexico. It is estimated that more than 50% tourists will get sick. The main reason is weak resistance to Escherichia coli in the new environment, which leads to diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting and cold. Generally speaking, as long as you take relevant drugs and pay attention to hygiene, you can recover; In addition, drink plenty of water to prevent water shortage due to diarrhea. As for the flu, it is generally ok to take medicine and rest, but if it is not handled properly, it will cause serious complications at any time. The invasion of influenza bacteria into bronchi can lead to tracheitis, pneumonia, meningitis and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to vaccinate in advance before going out to ensure safety. Food hygiene should pay attention to people from other places and taste local specialties, which is definitely a great pleasure (or purpose) of tourism. But the so-called "disaster comes from the mouth, disease comes from the mouth", we must pay attention to food hygiene. Therefore, even if there is mouth-watering food in front of you, you should think twice before you do it, otherwise it may cause endless troubles, causing gastroenteritis, hepatitis A and typhoid fever. General doctors will suggest four principles for eating out: (1) Food should be thoroughly cooked. Even if South Africa has ostrich meat and crocodile barbecue, remember to find out; (2) Drink only boiled water and packaged drinks: buy drinks in airplanes, hotels and streets, and try not to add ice cubes to ensure hygiene. Note that in high mountain areas such as Nepal, although the boiling point of water is above 90 degrees Celsius, cooking time must be extended to ensure thorough disinfection; When traveling to backward areas, you should bring Shimizu pills; (3) When buying fruit, be sure to wash and peel it; (4) stay away from big-name food on the street. In addition, when staying in hotels or hotels, public bathtubs should be avoided to reduce the spread of skin diseases and bacterial infections, such as candida. Before departure, you need to know the sanitary conditions of the destination, such as prevention of diphtheria in Moscow, vaccination against meningitis in Mecca, prevention of cholera in Indonesia, and prevention of love disease in Thailand and India.