College entrance examination Henan geography

Henan, which has been regarded as "the best in the world" since ancient times, is located between the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Pearl River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing urban belt, and is the gateway to the six northwestern provinces. The unique geographical location makes Henan a pivotal railway, highway, aviation, communication and energy hub in China.

1. Railways

The railway network with three horizontals and five verticals meets in Henan. Henan is located in the center of the national railway network. The national railway trunk lines such as Beijing-Guangzhou, Longhai, Beijing-Kowloon, Ningxi, Jiaozhi, Jiaoxin, Xinhe, Houyue, Mengbao and Xinmi meet in China, and there are also local railways such as Luo (River), Fu (Yang) and Tang (Yin). Henan's railway mileage ranks first in the country. Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Shangqiu and Xinyang are all important railway hubs, among which Zhengzhou North Station is the largest marshalling station in Asia and Zhengzhou Station is one of the largest passenger stations in China. The Beijing-Shenzhen and Xuzhou-Lanzhou passenger dedicated lines planned by the state run through Henan and meet in Zhengzhou.

2. Highway

Henan has developed highway traffic. Numerous expressways and national highways meet in Henan, and nine national planned expressways such as Lianhuo, Beijing, Hong Kong and Macao and nine national highways such as 15, 16, 17, 27, 31, 311 and 312 pass through Henan. The total mileage of expressways in Henan Province has surpassed that of Britain. By the end of 28, the total mileage of expressways had reached 4,841 kilometers, ranking first in the country.

3. Aviation

Henan's civil aviation industry is rising rapidly. At present, there are three civil airports in Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport, Luoyang Airport and Nanyang Airport. Xinyang Minggang Airport, which started construction in November 29, is expected to open to traffic in 21. Among them, the passenger throughput of Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport in 27 exceeded 5 million, and the passenger throughput of the newly expanded Xinzheng Airport exceeded 12 million. Henan Province is striving to build Zhengzhou into an international aviation hub, and scaa has listed Zhengzhou as one of the eight aviation hubs in China. At present, China Southern Airlines, Kunpeng Airlines and Shenzhen Airlines are based in Zhengzhou. Among them, Kunpeng Airlines is the first national airline to set up its headquarters and operation base in Zhengzhou. Shenzhen Airlines is currently building the fourth largest aircraft maintenance base in China in Zhengzhou.

4. Communication

The public telecommunication network in Henan Province has an important strategic position in China. Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, is one of China's important communication hubs. The national backbone public telecommunication network "eight verticals and eight horizontals" runs through Henan, and the north-south and east-west aerial cable trunk lines pass through Henan, forming the basic framework of the information superhighway "four verticals and four horizontals" in the province.

5. Energy

Many national energy pipelines meet in Henan. At least four natural gas pipelines, including the West-East Gas Pipeline, and at least four oil pipelines meet in Henan. In addition, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the North-to-South Coal Transportation also meet in Henan. In the future, oil from northwest China and Central Asia will meet with oil from northeast China and Russian Far East in Zhengzhou. Henan, especially Zhengzhou, will become an extremely important energy hub in China.

agriculture

1. Overview of agriculture

Henan is located in the transition zone from subtropical zone to warm temperate zone, which is suitable for the growth of various crops. It is the largest grain production base in China and an important production base for agricultural products such as wheat, cotton, oilseeds and tobacco leaves. In 27, the province's total grain output reached 14.9 billion Jin, ranking first in the country for eight consecutive years, and the newly added grain output accounted for more than one-third of the national increase; This not only solves the problem of eating in Henan, the most populous province in China, but also transfers about 2 billion Jin of grain to other provinces every year. Henan's oil production accounts for 1/7 of the country's total, beef production accounts for 1/7 of the country's total, cotton production accounts for 1/6 of the country's total, and the output of agricultural products such as wheat, corn, tobacco leaves, beans, sesame seeds and livestock products such as meat, eggs and milk also ranks among the top in the country.

2, Henan specialty

There are many famous and special products in Henan, such as Luodian wheat straw paintings such as Daokou roast chicken, Yuanyang rice, Xinzheng jujube, Kaifeng watermelon, Qixian and Zhongmou garlic, Xinyang Maojian tea, Xinyang chestnut, Xinyang salted duck, Luoyang cherry, Zhengzhou peach, Nanyang rose, Xixia kiwi fruit, Lingbao apple, Linxian hawthorn, Neixiang dogwood, Xixia amber, and so on.

industry

1. Overview of industry

In recent years, Henan's industry has changed from weak to strong. Henan's industrial categories cover 39 categories of national economic industries, forming a number of key industries such as food and beverage, machinery, electric power, building materials, metallurgy, chemical industry, coal, oil and gas, tobacco and so on. The process of industrialization is accelerating. In 27, the province's industrial added value was 75.827 billion yuan, up 19.6% over the previous year, and the contribution rate of industrial economy to the province's economic growth reached 65.2%. The added value of industries above designated size in the province reached 543.86 billion yuan, an increase of 24.2%; The main business income was 1,894.717 billion yuan, an increase of 38.2%; The total profit was 195.955 billion yuan, ranking fourth in the country, with an increase of 68.5%. The output of major industrial products such as raw coal, aluminum, gold, ten kinds of non-ferrous metals, flat glass, cement, tractors, yarn, chemical fiber, machine-made paper and cardboard, cigarettes, household refrigerators, quick-frozen foods and instant noodles all rank among the top in the country.

location advantage

Henan, which has been regarded as "the best in the world" since ancient times, is located between the Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Pearl River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing urban belt, and is the gateway to the six northwestern provinces. The unique geographical location makes Henan a pivotal railway, highway, aviation, communication and energy hub in China.

1. Railways

The railway network with three horizontals and five verticals meets in Henan. Henan is located in the center of the national railway network. The national railway trunk lines such as Beijing-Guangzhou, Longhai, Beijing-Kowloon, Ningxi, Jiaozhi, Jiaoxin, Xinhe, Houyue, Mengbao and Xinmi meet in China, and there are also local railways such as Luo (River), Fu (Yang) and Tang (Yin). Henan's railway mileage ranks first in the country. Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Shangqiu and Xinyang are all important railway hubs, among which Zhengzhou North Station is the largest marshalling station in Asia and Zhengzhou Station is one of the largest passenger stations in China. The Beijing-Shenzhen and Xuzhou-Lanzhou passenger dedicated lines planned by the state run through Henan and meet in Zhengzhou.

2. Highway

Henan has developed highway traffic. Numerous expressways and national highways meet in Henan, and nine national planned expressways such as Lianhuo, Beijing, Hong Kong and Macao and nine national highways such as 15, 16, 17, 27, 31, 311 and 312 pass through Henan. The total mileage of expressways in Henan Province has surpassed that of Britain. By the end of 28, the total mileage of expressways had reached 4,841 kilometers, ranking first in the country.

3. Aviation

Henan's civil aviation industry is rising rapidly. At present, there are three civil airports in Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport, Luoyang Airport and Nanyang Airport. Xinyang Minggang Airport, which started construction in November 29, is expected to open to traffic in 21. Among them, the passenger throughput of Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport in 27 exceeded 5 million, and the passenger throughput of the newly expanded Xinzheng Airport exceeded 12 million. Henan Province is striving to build Zhengzhou into an international aviation hub, and scaa has listed Zhengzhou as one of the eight aviation hubs in China. At present, China Southern Airlines, Kunpeng Airlines and Shenzhen Airlines are based in Zhengzhou. Among them, Kunpeng Airlines is the first national airline to set up its headquarters and operation base in Zhengzhou. Shenzhen Airlines is currently building the fourth largest aircraft maintenance base in China in Zhengzhou.

4. Communication

The public telecommunication network in Henan Province has an important strategic position in China. Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, is one of China's important communication hubs. The national backbone public telecommunication network "eight verticals and eight horizontals" runs through Henan, and the north-south and east-west aerial cable trunk lines pass through Henan, forming the basic framework of the information superhighway "four verticals and four horizontals" in the province.

5. Energy

Many national energy pipelines meet in Henan. At least four natural gas pipelines, including the West-East Gas Pipeline, and at least four oil pipelines meet in Henan. In addition, the South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the North-to-South Coal Transportation also meet in Henan. In the future, oil from northwest China and Central Asia will meet with oil from northeast China and Russian Far East in Zhengzhou. Henan, especially Zhengzhou, will become an extremely important energy hub in China.

agriculture

1. Overview of agriculture

Henan is located in the transition zone from subtropical zone to warm temperate zone, which is suitable for the growth of various crops. It is the largest grain production base in China and an important production base for agricultural products such as wheat, cotton, oilseeds and tobacco leaves. In 27, the province's total grain output reached 14.9 billion Jin, ranking first in the country for eight consecutive years, and the newly added grain output accounted for more than one-third of the national increase; This not only solves the problem of eating in Henan, the most populous province in China, but also transfers about 2 billion Jin of grain to other provinces every year. Henan's oil production accounts for 1/7 of the country's total, beef production accounts for 1/7 of the country's total, cotton production accounts for 1/6 of the country's total, and the output of agricultural products such as wheat, corn, tobacco leaves, beans, sesame seeds and livestock products such as meat, eggs and milk also ranks among the top in the country.

2, Henan specialty

There are many famous and special products in Henan, such as Luodian wheat straw paintings such as Daokou roast chicken, Yuanyang rice, Xinzheng jujube, Kaifeng watermelon, Qixian and Zhongmou garlic, Xinyang Maojian tea, Xinyang chestnut, Xinyang salted duck, Luoyang cherry, Zhengzhou peach, Nanyang rose, Xixia kiwi fruit, Lingbao apple, Linxian hawthorn, Neixiang dogwood, Xixia amber, and so on.