Recommend the time and route of traveling in Southeast Asia.

Thailand was called Siam in ancient times, which means "king of thailand" in Thai. Located in the center of Southeast Asia, between India and China. Myanmar is in the west of Thailand, Laos is in the north, Cambodia is in the east of Thailand and Malaysia is in the south. The total area of China is 5 13, 1 15 square kilometers. The fertile land in the Chao Phraya River basin is a region rich in rice in the Asian continent. Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, is in this area.

The Thai nationality is one of the oldest nationalities in the world, and migrated here from the Yangtze River valley in the south and southeast of China around 650 AD. Thailand has been a unified country since13rd century. There have been five dynasties in history: Southern Dynasties, Suhaotai, Ayutthaya, Tun Li Wu and Radanakhin. 16 and 17 centuries, Thailand was invaded by Holland, Portugal, France and Britain.

Thailand is a Southeast Asian country with the most historical sites, with beaches full of holiday charm and a paradise for holidays. Bangkok, the capital, is very charming and full of vitality, and its strong cultural traditions are intertwined with the roar of the market. This is an unforgettable city. Thailand has efficient transportation, cheap accommodation and mouth-watering food. It is a country suitable for tourism. In the eyes of foreign tourists, the Thai people are simple, kind, hospitable, happy and happy, and have spared no effort to maintain independence for hundreds of years. It is the only country in Southeast Asia that has not been colonized.

Buddhism is the main religion in Thailand. Thai is the main local language, and it can also be communicated in English in local cities and tourist attractions. Most local Chinese speak Chaozhou dialect. It is one hour slower than Singapore, Beijing and Hong Kong. The golden chain flower is the national flower. When the dry season comes, clusters of yellow flowers will bloom all over the branches. Thais believe that when meditating on these flowers, golden yellow will make people's souls happy and rich. The international telephone code is 66. Thailand's currency is Thai baht (Maht), 1 Thai baht = 100 shadang.

Most areas have a tropical monsoon climate, with an annual average temperature of about 27℃ and an annual average precipitation of 1000 ~ 3000mm. The whole year can be divided into dry season (165438+ 10 to next April) and rainy season (5-65438+ 10). The southern coastal plain has a tropical rainforest climate.

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Country: Kingdom of Thailand

Capital: Bangkok

Language: Thai is the official language and English is the main business language. There are signs in Thai and English in the streets and alleys all over Thailand. Chinese is also widely used, especially in the Chinese community and Chinatown. Many people speak Chinese, and most of the local tour guides who receive tourists are Chinese businessmen.

Religion: Buddhism is the national religion of Thailand, and 95% people believe in Buddhism.

Race: There are more than 30 ethnic groups, of which 40% are Thai and 35% are Lao.

Geographical environment: South-central Indochina Peninsula in Asia is bordered by the Gulf of Thailand in the southeast, the Andaman Sea in the southwest, Myanmar in the west and northwest, Laos in the northeast and Cambodia in the southeast. Its territory extends southward along the crater canyon to the Malay Peninsula, bordering Malaysia, and its narrow part lives between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The coastline is 2705 kilometers long.

Time: later than Beijing time 1 hour.

Business hours of the store: The general business hours of the store are from 8: 30 or 9: 00 to 17: 00 or 18: 00, and some of them are open on Saturdays. The state organ is 8: 30- 16: 30. Banks in Bangkok are from Monday to Friday 10: 00 to 16: 00.

Telephone area code: 66

Voltage: 220 volts, 50 hertz

Currency: Thai baht (Maht), 1 Thai baht = 100 shadang. Coins are 25, 50 (not commonly used), 1, 5 and 10. Paper money is10,20,50,/kloc-0,000,5000,/kloc-0,000 baht.

Tip: You don't have to tip except in some high-end hotels.

[Regulations on Entry and Exit Administration]

Before arriving at Bangkok International Airport, all passengers must fill in the customs declaration form and declare the amount of foreign currency brought into the country. Violators may be arrested, prosecuted or confiscated. The amount of Thai currency carried at the time of entry and exit shall not be higher than 5000 baht; Pirated works and articles are not allowed to be brought into China, and even legal works are limited to one point per person. It is forbidden to carry narcotic drugs, pornographic books and weapons. According to the relevant regulations of Thailand, the number of duty-free goods allowed to enter the country is: sweet wine and spirits1000g, 50 cigars, 250 cut tobacco or 2000 cigarettes, 5 rolls of film or 3 rolls of film. At the same time, the customs also stipulates that animals and plants are not allowed to enter the country.

Passengers carrying antiques and Buddha statues abroad must apply for an approval certificate from the National Arts Bureau of Thailand in advance.

geographical position

The Kingdom of Thailand is located in the south-central part of Indochina Peninsula, between 5 37'-20 27' north latitude and 97 22'-105 37' east longitude. It is bordered by Cambodia in the east, Laos in the northeast, Yunnan Province in China in the northwest across Shan State in Myanmar, Malaysia in the south of the peninsula, the Gulf of Thailand in the southeast and the Andaman Sea in the Indian Ocean in the southwest. The national area is 510.4 million square kilometers. The land borders with Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Malaysia are about 3,400 kilometers long. The coastline of Thailand is 2420 kilometers long, including the Gulf of Thailand 1930 kilometers and Andaman 490 kilometers.

Airplanes in Thailand are shaped like the heads of elephants. The east-west boundary is 780km at its longest distance, only10.6km at its narrowest point, and1648km at its longest distance from north to south. The territory south of Wu Linan is like the nose of an elephant sticking into the Malay Peninsula.

topography

Thailand has a complex terrain, with high terrain in the north and low terrain in the south, and inclines from northwest to southeast. This country is roughly divided into five regions.

Central plain

It covers the Chao Phraya River (namely Zhaopiye River, with a total length of 1.200 km and a drainage area of1.5000 km2) and its tributaries, as well as the middle and lower reaches of Yegong River, Tazhen River and Wanbagong River, the largest central plain in Thailand. The plain is about 480 kilometers long from north to south and 150 ~ 250 kilometers wide from east to west. Its soil is clay mixed with a small amount of sand, which has good water retention and is suitable for planting rice. This is the most important rice producing area, economic and trade center and the most densely populated area in Thailand.

The southeast coast of the Gulf of Thailand covers an area of about 16763 square kilometers. From north to south, Zhantaburi River, Basse River, Luwei River and Dade River flow into the sea, and Zhantaburi Mountain and Banta Mountain form the natural border between Thailand and Cambodia. There are Gechang, Gegu, Gexichang and other large and small islands in the offshore. In Li Wu Province in the spring, Gexichang Island, west of Lacha County, is an important deep-water port for ships that can't enter Bangkok Wharf. The estuaries of Basse and Lu Wei are covered with dense mangroves. There are also many beautiful seaside beaches, which are ideal places for tourists. The famous tourist resort Pattaya has now become a special tourist area in Thailand.

Northern and western inland mountainous areas

It is divided into two parts: the northern mountain canyon and the western mountain canyon. The northern mountainous area north of north latitude 18 is the birthplace of Chao Phraya River and the watershed between Chao Phraya River and Mekong River (with a total length of 2,888 kilometers and a drainage area of 656,000 square kilometers). The main mountain ranges are Denglao Mountain, Kundan Mountain, Pipang Nanshan Mountain and Luang Prabang Mountain, with an average elevation of 1600 meters, which is the highest geothermal area in China. Yintai Warm Peak in Chiang Mai is 2576 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in China. The mountainous valley area is densely populated, the alluvial basin is narrow and the soil is fertile, which is suitable for farming.

Between the north latitude 12 ~ 18 on the Thai-Myanmar border, there are many north-south mountains, which extend southward and go straight into the Malay Peninsula. The main mountain ranges are Tanongtong Chaishan and Dana Shalin Mountain. There are night express pass and three pagodas pass, which are important passages between Thailand and Myanmar. During the Second World War, the "Death Railway" built by Japan led from Nong Batu to Myanmar through Santaguan.

... south of the peninsula

It ranges from the northern latitude 12 5 1' to the south to the Thai-Malaysian border, including a part of the Malay Peninsula and the Crater isthmus connecting the peninsula with the mainland. The narrowest part of the isthmus is 50 kilometers. This terrain area can be divided into two very different areas: the west coast and the east coast.

The west coast is a sunken coast, with a narrow continental shelf and broken coastline, mostly rocky coast. Mangroves generally grow in the estuary of Krabi and the estuary of North Station. Close to the coast is Phuket, the largest island in Thailand, with an area of more than 500 square kilometers, which is rich in tin and tungsten.

The east coast is flat and open, with many beaches and few bays. There are ports such as Peng Chun, Surat Thani, Songkhla and Pattani. The coast is sandy and there are many kinds of coconuts. In some valley areas, it is suitable to grow fruits, vegetables and rice, and to open up rubber orchards at higher altitudes.

Northeast plateau

Also known as the Kokai Plateau, it includes a vast area of Northeast China 17 counties. The whole plateau tilts from west to southeast, that is, toward the Mekong River, forming two basins. There are vast saline-alkali land, small alluvial plains and some small rivers and lakes in the basin.

Clay Plateau has a sandy structure, and the sandy land covers a wide area. Although there is more precipitation here than in some areas, the soil layer is thin, the water evaporates and permeates quickly, and the retention is poor, so the Clay Plateau is also a famous arid area. This plateau is rich in salt and potassium minerals.

climate

Thailand is located in the tropics, and its territory is connected with the vast Asian continent except the Malay Peninsula. In summer and winter, the temperature and pressure of land and sea are very different. Most of the country has a tropical monsoon climate, and the whole year can be clearly divided into three seasons: rainy season, cool season and hot season. The southwest monsoon from mid-May to mid-June, 10, caused extensive rainfall in Thailand, that is, the rainy season. Due to the influence of the northeast monsoon, the dry and cold air from China from June 1 1 to mid-February of the following year made most parts of Thailand (especially the north and northeast) enter the cool season except the south and southeast. From mid-February to mid-May, the South China Sea airflow entering Thailand from the southeast made the national climate hot and dry, which was a hot season. It seldom rains in cool season and hot season, which is also called dry season. The area south of latitude 12 is located in the northern part of Malay Peninsula, with a tropical rainforest climate, hot and rainy all year round and no obvious dry season.

The temperature difference in Thailand is very small throughout the year. Even in the cool season, the monthly average temperature is not lower than 65438 08℃. April is the hottest month, and the highest temperature is generally between 33-38℃. It's a little cold at night, and the school has summer vacation in April. The southern peninsula has a maritime climate, which is warm and humid all year round, with a small annual humidity range and an average annual temperature of 26-27℃. The average maximum temperature in the central region centered on the capital Bangkok is 32℃. The highest average temperature in April in the hottest month is 35℃, while the average minimum temperature in the cool season is 365,438 0℃. The temperature in northern Thailand is lower than that in other parts of the country. The highest temperature is about 20℃, and the lowest temperature in some mountainous areas can reach 0℃.

Due to its topographical features, the precipitation in Thailand is higher than that in other Southeast Asian countries, with an average annual precipitation of about 1.550 mm. The mountains in the west blocked the southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean, resulting in the annual average precipitation in the central region being less than 1.500 mm. The annual precipitation in Northeast China is only about13000 mm except for the towering plateau edge, and the rainfall is the most abundant in coastal areas on windward slopes, such as the south of Lalangfu west of Phuket Mountain in the south and Donglangfu in the Gulf of Thailand. The annual precipitation is 5 1.06mm, Datuk is about 4454mm, and the east coast of the peninsula is also rich in precipitation from Peng Chun to Pattani, with an average annual precipitation above 2000 mm The time for getting more precipitation varies from place to place, with August in the north, northeast and west coast of the peninsula, September in the middle and southeast, and165438+/kloc in the east coast of the peninsula.

brief history

Thailand was founded in A.D. 1238, and was once called "Siam" and "Montai" in history. Since16th century, Siam has been invaded by colonial forces from Portugal, Holland, Britain and France. /kloc-At the end of 0/9, it became the "buffer state" between the British and French colonies. 1939 changed its name to Thailand on June 24th. 194 1 year Japanese invasion. 1945 After Japan surrendered, the country was renamed Siam. May 1949, renamed Thailand again. Since then, there have been frequent coups in Thailand. 1In July 1995, Thailand held a new round of general elections. I thought that several big parties led by the Thai party won. Banharn silpa-archa Silpa-Archamin, a Thai of Chinese descent and leader of the Thai Party, became Prime Minister.

political system

Thailand changed the monarchy to a constitutional monarchy in 1932. According to the Thai Constitution, the King of Thailand is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the Thai armed forces. According to the Constitution, the king exercises power through the National Assembly, the Cabinet and the courts.

Thailand is a constitutional monarchy, with the king as the head of state and the throne hereditary. If there is no prince to succeed to the throne, the princess can succeed to the throne with the consent of Congress. The constitution stipulates that the king is sacred and inviolable, and no one can accuse or accuse him. The king has the right to convene a meeting of the National Assembly, dissolve the House of Commons, appoint the Prime Minister, and dissolve cabinet members on the proposal of the Prime Minister; In case of emergency, issue decrees with the same effect as those of the National Assembly; Have the right to sign agreements with foreign countries, and have the right to decide to declare war, pardon, appoint or remove court judges, ministers and ministers or military and political officials of the same position after the approval of the National Assembly. The king's advisory body is the Privy Council, which consists of 65,438+04 ministers, all of whom are selected by the king. There is also a court secretary who handles daily affairs.

Parliament is the highest legislative body in Thailand. The main functions and powers of Congress are: to examine the budget bill; To examine important decrees submitted by the Cabinet concerning national security, the throne or the national economy; Review the new draft law; Interpreting or amending the provisions of the Constitution; Issue a policy statement. Any agreement that involves changing national boundaries or the scope of sovereignty must be approved by the National Assembly. The joint proposal of more than 65,438+0/3 members of the two houses can be submitted to His Majesty the King to convene a special session of the National Assembly.

Thailand's parliament is divided into two chambers. Members of the House of Lords are nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the King. According to the regulations, he should be a citizen born in Thailand, which is beneficial to the management of the country, rich in knowledge and has various professional specialties. He is not less than 35 years old and does not belong to any political party. The number of members of the House of Lords cannot exceed 3/4 of the total number of members of the House of Commons. The term of office is 6 years, and he leaves office every 2 years by drawing lots. 1/3, and the king appoints new members to replace him. The king has the right to appoint a retired MP to be a MP again.

Members of the House of Commons are elected by universal suffrage. Citizens who have reached the age of 20 have the right to vote and citizens who have reached the age of 25 have the right to stand for election. Parliamentary elections are held in units under the jurisdiction of the government. Members of each government are allocated according to the ratio of 1.5 million candidates 1. The term of office of the next member is four years.

The government is the highest administrative organ of the country. There are the Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers, Ministry of National Defense, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Agricultural Cooperation, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Commerce, Ministry of Interior, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science, Technology and Energy, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Industry and University Department.

Justice in Thailand is divided into two parts. First, the Ministry of Justice, which is in charge of the administrative affairs of the court, has no right to interfere in business work and decide on the appointment and removal of personnel; Second, the judicial committee, the highest authority in the judicial field, is responsible for the appointment and removal of judges at all levels (finally approved by the king). The Committee is composed of 13 members, with the President of the Supreme Court as the chairman. The court is the only organ that the state exercises judicial power. The court nominally exercises judicial power on behalf of the king and is responsible to the king. Thai courts are divided into three levels, namely, primary courts, appeal courts and supreme courts. If the defendant still refuses to accept the final judgment of the Supreme Court, he can directly write to the king and ask for commutation.

Administrative divisions and major cities

administrative division

At present, the administrative divisions below the central government in Thailand are divided into prefectures, counties (sub-counties), districts, administrative villages, the capital city of Bangkok and autonomous towns. China has 73 special districts, 675 counties, 78 sub-counties, 68 12 districts and 60,536 villages. These 73 prefectures are: Bangkok, Warm Wuli, Baton Thani, Dacheng, Hong Tong, Sharavudh Li, lopburi, New Wuli, Chena, Gancha Li Nawu, Pan Su Wuli, Buddhism, Shawan Shakong, Shawan Songkan, Li Lewu, Biliwu, Bashu, Ye Fengsong, Peng Shiluo, Bichawen, Piji and so on. Li Yi, Garaxin, Mahashalakan, Kong Jing, Chai Yepeng, Li, Mo, Oolong, Langkai, Chacon Nakong, Nakong Panong, Nakong, Bazhen, Beiliu, Beilan, Wu, Luo Yong, Zhuangta, Dade, Lalang and Sujiata.