What is the traditional culture of Yuanping, Shanxi?

Phoenix yangko, also known as crossing the street yangko, is a unique folk song and dance form in Yuanping County. I have heard several statements about the name and origin of Fengyang Pavilion. One is named after the props used. During the performance, the top of the straw hat worn by the male actor was decorated with red pompoms the size of table tennis, which looked like a red crown on the head of a phoenix, hence the name. Secondly, it is said that Fengyang Yangko was introduced from Fengyang, Anhui. There is another saying: Feng Yangko is very different from Yangko in other places. It is an art form derived from another art form, so it is called "pink yangko". The original Feng Ping Yangko is a festive folk collective dance. In Yuanping City, it is only found in North Jia Cun and unique in Shanxi Province. It has been produced for a long time, and it has experienced ups and downs in the circulation process for various reasons, and it is on the verge of being lost. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it reappeared its artistic brilliance. Legend 1: When Qin Shihuang was trimming the border, a family was old and young, in order to escape hard labor. My son pretended to be crazy and went out of town. The wild doctor and the whole family drove his son out of the city. In order to commemorate this resourceful move, later generations produced this art form. The two leaders in Fengyang Pavilion happen to be "crazy sons" and "wild doctors". Legend 2: At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Liangshan Rebel Army pretended to be an artist to rescue his younger brother who was captured by the government, mixed into the city and robbed the gift. In order to commemorate the heroic behavior of the rebel army, later generations followed this form and produced the "Fengyang Pavilion". Legend 3: At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to resist the invasion of Liao, soldiers were recruited from all over the Central Plains to the frontier. At that time, there were many soldiers from Fengyang County in North Jia Cun, located in Yanmenguan. In order to express their homesickness, they often sing their hometown "Fengyang Flower Drum" outside the camp. The masses rushed to learn and combined with local folk art to step on the circle yangko, forming a unique "Fengyang yangko", which has been circulated for thousands of years. The predecessor of "Fengyang Yangko" may be "Fengyang Ancient Painting". Ma County was introduced from other places 300 years ago. Later, it was combined with local yangko, absorbed folk songs, enriched the singing part, and gradually evolved into the present form. Yuanping is located in the north-central part of Shanxi, upstream of Hutuo River. Yuanping County was established in Han Dynasty, and Yan County was changed in Sui Dynasty. 1958, the original level was restored. Considering the geographical location, it is an official road leading from the mainland to the Great Wall in history, and North Jia Cun is next to it. People from the south to the north may bring their folk arts, which have evolved through the continuous development of local artists. Therefore, according to the folklore and historical records recorded in Guangxu period, it is speculated that Fengyang Pavilion may have originated in the early Qing Dynasty. Originally, the performance team of Feng Ping Yangko ranged from a dozen people to dozens. The actors in Fengyangge in the early days were all men, and the female roles were also composed of men. Later, many girls enthusiastically sang on stage, both men and women, which was more elegant. The male roles are all dressed as warriors, with waist drums and Dai Jun helmets. Amazingly, the helmet is covered with a small bamboo hat, which is an elastic and tough bamboo strip about eight feet long. The top of the bamboo strip is decorated with a bunch of red tassels, which can be thrown and retracted during the performance, which is flexible and amazing. The female characters are all dressed as ancient village girls, holding small gongs, twisting while walking, and dancing beautifully and lightly. There are three forms of performance in Fengyangge: stepping on the street, stepping on the circle and opening the wheel. Stepping on the street means walking through the streets to perform. Men and women formed several formations, wriggling and staggering forward. The front of the team was commanded by a cymbal, and the first two leaders were disguised as "crazy sons" and "wild doctors" respectively. The male horn behind raised his arm and beat the drum, throwing a circle on his head; Female trumpets beat gongs, singing and dancing. The music is high and melodious, the performance is natural and vivid, and the formation is flexible and changeable. Stepping on a circle, also called Xiaoyangge, is a fixed performance after stepping on the street. The lead singer is an old couple, and the rest are female singers. Before the concert, there was a dance performance by Duan Chun, which was performed according to "Four Begins" and "Long Flowing Water". After that, the hero took a flower fan and combed out the female characters dancing around the circle one by one. The male and female roles that have been pointed out include dances such as "Twist Twist" and "Pull Eight Characters". Then everyone sings in a circle, usually the male lead singer and the female chorus, and finally the male and female chorus. Most of the lyrics are written and performed by themselves. The main content is to praise people, describe the scenery and say things. The rhythm of the performance is also faster than before, and the range is also enlarged. Men and women are singing and dancing, humorous and full of local characteristics. Kailulu, also called yangko, is a continuation of the above-mentioned yangko singing part, performing a series of small plays, characters, storylines and even conflicts, forming a series of folk small singing, so it is commonly known as "yangko" locally. There are more than 40 yangko programs, which are very rich in content, including Harvesting Seedlings, Beating Wheat and Autumn Harvest. There are customs to show festivals, such as "Chinese New Year" and "watching lanterns"; There are natural scenery as the theme, such as "Four Ao and Eight Scenes", "Morning Rain Valley Catch the Meeting" and "Ma County Catch Thirteen"; There are descriptions of love, marriage, family and neighborhood relations, such as Two Women Complaining, Waiting for the Groom, Being Pregnant, and In-laws Scolding each other, which vividly show people the picture of rural life. There are three forms of performance of Phoenix Yangko in the village: going to the courtyard, stepping on the street and catching fire. In addition, celebrations, temple fairs and prosperous times in the village often gather in one place and perform Yangko in several circles for several days. There are more than 80 traditional programs of Fengyangge. Most of them reflect the life and production in rural areas. Such as carrying a peddler, staying at home, celebrating the New Year and selling surplus grain, which praise modern life. From 65438 to 0955, Li Erjun, a famous folk artist, led a team to Beijing to participate in the national folk music and dance performance. The original Feng Ping Yangko "New Year" changed the traditional form of women disguised as men for the first time, won the Excellence Award, and was praised by experts as "folk art that truly reflects the joy and good wishes of working people". 199 1 during the second national folk art festival held in Shanxi province in September, the original Pingyangzi was rearranged and carefully rehearsed, and the performance was more exciting. After that, he participated in the opening ceremony of Wutai Mountain International Tourism Month, the demonstration of building a well-off society in an all-round way in Shanxi Province and the Shuozhou Square Cultural Festival. In 2005, he participated in the street art performance in Xinzhou City and won the first prize. He soon appeared in the column of Charm 12 of CCTV. In April 2006, this ancient folk art once again walked out of Shanxi with Xinzhou culture and entered the "Avenue of Stars", which made the people of the whole country and even the world appreciate its charm and made this ancient folk art more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. In February 2008, the original Feng Ping Yangko was expanded into the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage "Traditional Dance Yangko". 20 10 in may, the original Feng Ping yangko won the "Stars Award", the highest prize in the 15th national "Stars Award" square dance sponsored by the Ministry of Culture, on behalf of Shaanxi.