Hangzhou West Lake

West Lake in Hangzhou

Category of scenic spot

Natural landscape and cultural landscape

Location of scenic spot

China-Zhejiang-Hangzhou

Overview of scenic spots

Hangzhou is located in the south wing of the Yangtze River Delta, at the western end of Hangzhou Bay, at the lower reaches of Qiantang River and at the southern end of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is an important central city in the Yangtze River Delta and a transportation hub in southeastern China. The geographic coordinates of Hangzhou downtown are 3 degrees 16 minutes north latitude and 12 degrees 12 minutes east longitude. Hangzhou is a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, mild and humid, abundant sunshine and rainfall. The annual average temperature is 16.2℃, the summer average temperature is 28.6℃, and the winter average temperature is 3.8℃. The frost-free period is 23-26 days. The average annual rainfall is 1435 mm, and the average relative humidity is 76%.

the west lake is located in the center of Hangzhou, formerly known as Wulin water, Qiantang lake and Xizi lake, and was called the west lake only in the song dynasty. The lake is 3.3 kilometers long from north to south and 2.8 kilometers wide from east to west. The original water surface area is 5.66 square kilometers, including 6.3 square kilometers of islands in the lake, and the circumference of the lake shore is 15 kilometers. The average depth of water is about 2.27 meters, with more than 5 meters at the most muddy place and less than 1 meter at the shallowest place. Nowadays, with the "West Lake westward" expanding to 6.5 square kilometers, it basically reached the area of the West Lake 3 years ago. Su Causeway and Bai Causeway divide the lake into five parts: Lihu Lake, Waihu Lake, Yuehu Lake, Xili Lake and Xiaonan Lake. After the West Lake communicated with Qiantang River, about 3, cubic meters of Qiantang River water was introduced every day. The water in the West Lake changed from once a year to once a month, and the transparency increased from less than 6 cm to 12 cm.

There were as many as 36 lakes named after the West Lake in ancient China, of which Hangzhou West Lake was the most famous. For example, simply calling West Lake usually refers to Hangzhou West Lake. The West Lake is a world-famous scenic spot with a long history, with many historical sites, beautiful landscapes and pleasant scenery.

There are scenic spots everywhere in the West Lake. In addition to the "Ten Scenes of Qiantang" and "Eighteen Scenes of West Lake", the most famous ones are the "Ten Scenes of West Lake" named in the Southern Song Dynasty and the "Ten Scenes of New West Lake" awarded in 1985. In the 6-square axiom garden scenic area centered on the West Lake, there are more than 4 main scenic spots and more than 3 key cultural relics and historic sites. To sum up, the scenery of the West Lake is dominated by one lake, two peaks, three springs, four temples, five mountains, six gardens, seven caves, eight tombs, nine streams and ten views. In 1982, West Lake was designated as a national scenic spot, and in 1985, it was rated as one of the "Top Ten Scenic Spots in China". On May 8, 27, Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.

Evaluation of scenic spots

The West Lake is a poem, a natural picture and a beautiful and moving story. People who have lived here for many years or travelers who have passed by in a hurry are all fascinated by the beautiful scenery of chinese odyssey. In the spring of March, yingfei grass grows. Su-Bai two dikes, peach and willow sandwiched the shore. On both sides, there are waves and cruise ships, and in the distance, the mountains are empty and green. Walking on the embankment at this time, you will be amazed by the scenery in front of you, even ecstatic, and wonder if you have entered the fairyland.

The beautiful scenery of the West Lake is not only unique in spring, but also the lotus flowers that meet the sky in summer, the three pools soaked with moonlight in autumn night, the red plums that are scattered in the shadows after the winter snow, and the warblers in the willow cage gauze and the balcony in the misty rain-no matter when you come, you will appreciate the unusual style.

[Main Landscape]

Ten Scenes of the Old West Lake

The Ten Scenes of the Old West Lake were formed in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the scenic spots were basically distributed around the West Lake, while some were located on the West Lake.

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Ten Scenes of the New West Lake

The Ten Scenes of the New West Lake were selected in 1985 through the active participation of Hangzhou citizens and local people, and after repeated consideration by the expert selection committee.

○ Jade Emperor Flying Clouds

○ Wu Shan Tianfeng

○ Ruandun Huanbi

○ Manlong Guiyu

○ Longjing Tea

○ Jiuxi Tobacco Tree

○ Huanglong Tucui

○ Tiger Running in Mooncherry

○ Gemstone Flowing Xia

○ Yunqi Bamboo

1 Street, Museum No.2 of Beishan Street Historical and Cultural Block, China Tea Museum, Su Dongpo Memorial Hall

3 Garden, Yunqi Scenic Area, Renshoushan Park and Longhongjian Scenic Area

4 Tomb, Gong Chenyu Tomb, Su Xiaoxiao Tomb, Tomb of Wu Song Tomb and Chen Kuilong Tomb

4 Tomb.

Thirty-six scenic spots of the new West Lake

○ Ligeng Hall

○ Langdangling (entrance)

○ Memorial Hall of Premier Zhou Enlai of meijiawu

○ Shengtang Gate

○ Kyle Polo and Hangzhou Memorial Sculpture

○ Farewell to Bai Juyi (farewell to Bai Juyi's group sculptures)

○ Xintai Hotel

Training ground

wind wave pavilion (storm bridge, Filial piety well)

○ commemorative sign of Li Mi's water diversion in Tang Dynasty

○ Yang Gongdi Monument Pavilion

○ Yongfu Bridge

○ Yujian Bridge

○ Jingxing Ancient Bridge

○ Songhe Mountain Villa

○ Red Oak Mountain Villa

○ Tangzhang

○ Huangmao Building < p. ○ Zhao Zhiqian Memorial Pavilion

○ Wufeng Caotang

○ Maoxiang Ancient Road (including Tongli Ancient Bridge)

○ Lanyuan

○ Xiaoyin Garden

○ Tianze Building

○ Zhaogong Dike

○ Yannan Jilu (Gai Jiaotian's former residence)

○ Around the Blue Lake House

Yuan people followed the example of the Song Dynasty and set up the Six Bridges and Willow, Jiuli Yun Song, Lingshi Qiaoge, Gushan Jixue, Beiguan Night Market, Geling Chaoyu, Zhejiang Qiutao, Cold Spring Ape Whistling, Two Peaks and White Clouds, and the Ten Yuan Scenery in jathyapple, West Lake.

Eighteen scenic spots were added in the Qing Dynasty, including Hushan Chunshe, Gongde Chongfang, Hai Xia Xishuang, Meilin Guihe, Yuqiuma Qiurong, Lianchi Songshe, Gem Phoenix Pavilion, Pavilion Bay Riding and Shooting, Jiaoshi Mingqin, Yuquan Fish Leaping, Fengling Songtao, Lake View, Wu Shan Grand View, Tianzhu Fragrant City, Yunqi Fanjing, Looking at the Sea with a low light and exploring the plum in Xixi.

Up to the new ten scenic spots of the modern West Lake, people all show their love for the West Lake, including Yunqi Bamboo Trail, Manlong Guiyu, Tiger Run Mooncherry, Longjing Tea, Jiuxi Tobacco Tree, Wu Shan Tianfeng, Ruandun Huanbi, Huanglong Tucui, Jade Emperor Feiyun and Gem Liuxia.

afterwards, the latest ten scenic spots of the west lake were selected by the Hangzhou west lake Expo in China in 27, namely, Lingyin Zen, Liuhe Tingtao, Qixia of Yue Tomb, sunny rain on the lakeside, Qianci Biaozhong, Wansong Shuyuan, Di Yang Jingxing, Santai Yunshui, Meiwu Chunzao, and North Street Dream Search.

the origin of the name of the West Lake

The West Lake in Hangzhou was first recorded in the Geography of Han Shu (Volume 28) by Ban Gu in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Wulin Mountain is where Wulin water goes. East into the sea, eight hundred and thirty miles. " It is generally believed that Wulin Mountain is the general name of the mountains around Lingyin and Tianzhu, and the south stream and the north stream originating in this area merge into Jinsha stream, which flows eastward into the West Lake, which is the largest natural water source of the West Lake. Therefore, the name "Wulin Water" is the first recorded name of the West Lake.

Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty recorded: "On the Nanjiang side of the county, there is a sacred lake of Ming Dynasty. It is rumored by the elders that there is a golden bull in the lake. If you see it in ancient times, it is unpredictable, and the name of the lake is unknown." At this time, two other ancient names of the West Lake were derived: Mingsheng Lake and Jinniu Lake.

Around the Eastern Han Dynasty, a local official named Huaxin built a pond in the east of the West Lake to defend the salt tide of Qiantang River, hence the name Qiantang Lake. This is the general name of West Lake in Tang Tang. In Bai Juyi's poems, Qiantang Lake is often mentioned, for example, in Answering a guest's question about Hangzhou, "The mountain name Tianzhu piles up indigo, and the lake name Qiantang sheds green oil". The poet Zhang Hu also has a poem entitled "Qiantang Lake Night in Early Spring".

The name of "West" Lake appeared because the former Qiantang County was moved from the west of the West Lake to the east of the West Lake after Sui Dynasty, that is, Qiantang Lake, which was originally in the east of the city, is now located in the west of the city. Lake lives in the west of the city, hence the name West Lake, which is the same as that of other places in the country with the same name. At the latest in the Tang Dynasty, the title of "West Lake" has been frequently used. It is also a poem by Bai Juyi, and the word "West Lake" is often used. For example, his poems are entitled "West Lake Returning to Gushan Temple at night to present guests" and "West Lake Farewell" and so on.

After Su Shi (Dongpo), a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, sang the eternal farewell song "If you want to compare the West Lake with Xizi, it is always appropriate to make light makeup and heavy makeup" in his famous poem "Drinking Chu Qing on the Lake", the West Lake has gained the reputation of Xizi Lake. Xizi is the peerless beauty of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period. Compared with dozens of lakes named after the West Lake in the world, only the West Lake in Hangzhou deserves such a high reputation. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the West Lake was abnormally prosperous and gorgeous. The ruling group in the south of the Yangtze River did not want to restore their homeland, but indulged in lakes and mountains and luxuries, spending a lot of money and partying. So the West Lake was called "selling gold pot", which was very appropriate and very spicy.

In addition to the names mentioned above, there are many aliases for West Lake, such as Longchuan, Qianyuan, Shihan Lake, Fangshengchi, Shanghu, Gaoshi Lake, Mingyue Lake, Meiren Lake and so on. Each alias has its own origin. Shihan Lake was built by Bai Juyi during the reign of Tang Changqing to store and drain the lake. The upper lake is relative to the lower lake in the north; The release pool was obtained because Wang Qinruo, the governor of Hangzhou, invited the West Lake as the release pool during the Jubilee of the Northern Song Dynasty. Sage Lake is a Southern Song Dynasty literati building key, which is known as the wind of sage in West Lake. And so on, and so on. The West Lake has so many elegant names, which just shows her long history, beautiful scenery, rich cultural connotation and charming charm from one side.

Related poems

Title Lin 'an Mansion

-Lin Sheng

Outside the Qingshan Building, when will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?

The warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou Bianzhou!

it rains after drinking Chu Qing on the lake

—— Su Shi

The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are empty and rainy.

if you want to compare the west lake to the west lake, it is always appropriate to make up lightly and heavily.

Xiao Chu Jing Ci sent Lin Zifang

-Yang Wanli

After all, the scenery of the West Lake is different from that of four o'clock in June.

the lotus leaves are infinitely bright in the next day, and the lotus flowers reflect the sun in a different color.