How to identify and discuss these motivations by using the characteristics of tourism consumers' motivations and classical theoretical knowledge?

Tourism is a complex and highly symbolic social behavior. Tourists need to travel to meet their own needs. At the same time, their motives often change with the change of objective environment. Therefore, tourism behavior can not only involve a certain motivation or need.

1, social, respectful and self-fulfilling needs.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, tourism activities can be a means to meet people's needs of socialization, respect and self-realization. Through the symbolic social behavior of tourism, we can make new friends and be accepted by the group, so as to meet the needs of individual love and belonging. Some forms of tourism, such as traveling to foreign countries, become symbols of personal success and achievement, gain a sense of independence, superiority, self-confidence and self-comfort, and help meet the unsatisfied needs of individuals for respect. Through tourism activities, we can seek things we have never seen before, broaden our horizons, better understand the world in which he lives, learn knowledge from it, increase our cognitive ability and aesthetic ability, and meet the needs of aesthetics and learning. This is obviously the need for individuals to meet their own self-realization.

2. Intellectual needs.

In tourism activities, individual needs do not fully meet Maslow's needs. Because tourism liberates people from daily chores, it forces tourists to change their basic demand structure. When a person travels, he can temporarily lose the sense of urgency for the unmet needs of the lower class. When some tourists travel, the need to explore the unknown has become a basic and strong demand, just like the need for security, socialization and respect. People's intellectual needs are divided into two basic levels: the first is the need to learn, and the second is the need to solve. These two levels of needs, like physical and psychological needs, are governed by the principle of superiority.

3. The need for exploration.

Another hypothesis that explains tourism is human curiosity and desire to explore. Maslow's intellectual needs are completely different from his physical and psychological needs. People's curiosity will produce psychological tension, which people must work hard to deal with. The discussion about this kind of psychological tension and how to solve this kind of psychological tension in the tourism situation is helpful to explain many tourism behaviors.

Curiosity and thirst for knowledge show this characteristic soon after birth. For many people, the development of curiosity will continue into adulthood, and new ways of satisfaction will be constantly discovered. It is the need for people to explore themselves and the world at a higher level. For some people, this demand can be met by climbing mountains, gliding, skydiving, diving, ballooning or sailing, while for most people, this demand is realized by discovering new goals, meeting different people and understanding foreign cultures through tourism.

4. The need for adventure.

Most healthy people like to take risks. Some western scholars call the need of exploration and adventure Ulysses factor, and people driven by Ulysses factor try to satisfy their curiosity about themselves and the world. Ulysses factor is both a physiological demand and an intellectual demand. This is the significance of people's travel behavior, especially to distant and dangerous places, which can stimulate people's competitive instinct. Ulysses tourists are driven by the need for knowledge, but this kind of tourism is not only intellectual, it must include some physical activities. Therefore, the Ulysses factor represents the intellectual and physical exploration of knowledge. This type of tourists have a strong desire to experience the world with all their senses. They don't look for anything special, and they don't care what they will find. In this sense, they are real explorers.

5, the need for consistency.

Consistency, that is, people always seek balance, harmony and consistency, strive for no conflict and can predict the future. According to the consistency theory, under the background of tourism, individuals try to find standardized tourism facilities and services. He thinks that the well-known places of interest, expressway, restaurants and shops can provide consistency for tourists, bring harmony and comfort to their travel, and make them hardly encounter unexpected troubles when they leave home. Obviously, the concept of consistency can explain many situations in the tourism environment.

Freud believed that people's behavior is essentially directly helpful to alleviate the psychological tension caused by inconsistency. If people are threatened by inconsistent experiences, they will take necessary actions to ensure that such threats will not happen. For example, in order to avoid possible inconsistency, tourists book in advance or through travel agencies, only stay in the booked hotel, only take a tour guide, only take the booked plane, or even do not travel.

6. Complex needs.

Complexity theory refers to people's yearning and pursuit of novel, unexpected, changing and unknown things, because life is extremely complicated and cannot be completely explained by consistency theory. Moreover, what we can't ignore is that consistency theory can't explain how people overcome boring and not stealing fast experiences. Compared with other forms of heritage elimination and entertainment activities, tourism can bring novelty and excitement to people's continuous life and relieve people's psychological tension caused by monotony.