What is the introduction of Tiger Hill?

Tiger Hill, known as "the first scene in Wuzhong", also known as Haiyong Mountain, Haiyong Peak and Khufu, is located in the northwest of Suzhou ancient city, 3.5 kilometers away from Changmen. Tiger Hill is 34.3 meters above sea level and covers an area of about 20 hectares. This mountain is rhyolite condensed from the magma of the Mesozoic Jurassic period of one hundred and fifty.

In ancient times, Tiger Hill was once an island in the bay that appeared and disappeared with the tide. After vicissitudes of life, it finally surfaced and became an isolated hill on the flat land. People call it Haiyong Mountain. "When will the sea come? Thunderbolt breaks through the earth vein, cracks through thousands of feet and cuts the pale wall. " Poet Zheng Sixiao's poetic imagery tells the origin of Tiger Hill. Although Tiger Hill is far away from the sea now, people can still feel the traces and information of the sea. When people came to Tiger Hill, they didn't set foot on the gate of Toushan, but they saw the four characters "vicissitudes of life" embedded in the wall on the other side of the river. After entering the mountain gate, a stone bridge spans the surrounding mountains and rivers. This bridge is called "Haiyong Bridge". There are some strange stones along the mountain road, and the smooth stone body is caused by the waves; Hanhan spring is also called "sea spring" because it dives into the sea; In Yuejiaxuan, Cui Yongshan Village, there is a stone carving of "Hai Yongfeng" inscribed by Qian Daxin, a scholar of Qing Dynasty. Tiger Hill once had Wanghailou, Haiquan Pavilion and Haiyan Pavilion. The origin of Tiger Hill and the sea can be seen in the writings of literati in past dynasties. "The sea is on both sides of the pavilion and the mountain is in the center of the temple." (Bai Juyi) "The castle is near the battlements, and the peaks come from the sea." (Gu Ying) "The smell of suspected Haifeng fell from the sky." (Wang Wei) The human history of Tiger Hill can be traced back to 2,500 years ago, as long as the ancient city of Suzhou. According to legend, in the Spring and Autumn Period, this was the place where He Lv, the king of Wu, left the palace. In 496 BC, He Lv was wounded and died in the Battle of Wu and Yue, and his son Fu Cha was buried here. According to "Historical Records" and other books, at that time, 100,000 soldiers and civilians were recruited for construction, elephants were used as means of transportation, and the soil was dug over the pool and piled up into hills; The coffin was covered with a triple bronze coffin, and the pool was filled with mercury. There are 3,000 swords, such as Zhu Bian and Fish Intestine, which He Lu loves most, hidden in the depths of the secluded palace. It is said that after three days of burial, gold was refined into a white tiger, named Tiger Hill. Zhu, a professor of Suzhou traditional Chinese studies in the Song Dynasty, thought that Tiger Hill was named after its shape of crouching tiger, and said, "However, if you look at its natural ravines, it is doubtful that there was a hill first, so why should Lu bury it?" Emperor Li Hong of the Qing Dynasty also agreed: "It turns out that rocks and valleys are good at nature, and tigers are called gold and gas. According to legend, in the hundreds of years after the demise of the State of Wu, Gou Jian, Qin Shihuang and Sun Quan of Soochow, the King of Yue, came here to look for treasures and swords, but they found nothing and returned in vain.

Tiger Hill became a famous Buddhist mountain and tourist attraction from the mausoleum of the Six Dynasties emperors. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Stuart and his brother Sikong Wang Min both built villas on the mountain. In the second year of Xianhe (327), both houses were Huqiu Mountain Temple, and they were still divided into East Temple and West Temple. Zhu Daosheng, a eminent monk in the Liu and Song Dynasties, came here from the north to give lectures and spread Buddhism, leaving behind stories of "telling the truth, nodding stone" and public platforms, thousands of people sitting, nodding stone, white lotus pond and so on. During the Six Dynasties, there were pagodas in Tiger Hill. Chen Shizhang, Zhang, and Zhang have a poem "Looking at the Silver Terrace from afar, Cave Tower Yao Villa". The "Harmony" pagoda stands on a high ridge and passes through the Lingtou of Taizhen Town. "This sentence can be used as evidence. This is the earliest recorded tower in Tiger Hill, which has been destroyed for a long time.

Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty ended the division of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, unified China and believed in Buddhism. During Renshou period (60 1 -604), all counties were ordered to build pagodas, and the samples were sent to Dangzhou by the "company", that is, the style of pagodas was attached for unified regulation. As a result, the second tower appeared in the history of Tiger Hill, located at the top of the mountain, the former site of Wang Qintai in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. However, according to the research of Liu Dunzhen, an expert in ancient architecture, it is just a square wooden tower, which has long since disappeared, and it is by no means an octagonal tower dominated by brick structure. This conclusion is beyond doubt.

In the Tang Dynasty, in order to avoid the anonymity of Tang Gaozu's grandfather Li Hu, Tiger Hill was once renamed Wuqiu Temple, and the name of the temple was also changed to Wuqiu Temple, which is still divided into two temples. Yan Zhenqing said in a poem, "It will be 50 spring this year before the East-West Temple." Sentence. At that time, Tiger Hill was close to the city, but there were no roads and rivers to pass through. Tourists have to cross fields, and in case of rainy days, they have to wade there, so the traffic is extremely inconvenient. In the year of Bao Liyuan (825), Bai Juyi, 54, became a priest in Suzhou. This great poet, who loves Suzhou scenery and has a special liking for Tiger Hill, felt this, so he led Suzhou people to dig canals from Nagato to Tiger Hill, build a pond road along the river to the front of the mountain, plant thousands of peaches and plums, beautify them, and ditch water around the mountain to form a stream around the mountain. Afterwards, the poet wrote a poem "Wuqiu Temple Road": "Since the opening of Shansi Road, land and water have been frequent, silver music attracts arrogant horses, flowers and boats carry beautiful lotus, peaches and plums are still fresh, so you can live on the river bank and stay for a long time." The reflection zone of the stream under Tiger Hill, with blue waves, looks like a fairy island on the sea from a distance; Since then, land and water are convenient, and tourists are in an endless stream. In order to commemorate Bai Juyi's achievements, later generations called Tang Lu Baigong Dike, that is, today's Shantang Street and today's Shantang River, with a total length of seven miles, so-called "Qili Shantang". 1 100 years later, Shantang became the only link between Nagato and Huqiu, and it was the only way from Suzhou City to Huqiu. It is not only an extension of Nagato market, but also a prelude to Tiger Hill Scenic Area. Historically, there is an inseparable relationship between the two, so many mountain records of Huqiu in Ming and Qing Dynasties included mountain ponds and described them together.

However, less than 20 years ago, when Li Yan was in power in Tang Wuzong, Bai Juyi advocated Buddhism and launched a large-scale campaign to destroy Buddhism. In the fifth year of Huichang (845), the imperial edict confiscated the land and property of the temple, destroyed the Buddha statues of Buddhist temples and forced monks and nuns to return to the secular world, which was called "Huichang destroyed the Buddha" in history. Suzhou, which is far away from Chang 'an, has not been spared. The East-West Temple in Huqiu, which was built for more than 500 years, was immediately demolished. But it didn't take long for Buddhism to recover. After reconstruction, Huqiu Mountain Temple and Erdao Temple merged into one, moved from the foot of the mountain to the mountain, and gradually formed a pattern, which has been preserved to this day. Dongshan Temple and Xishan Temple were built at the foot of the mountain to commemorate the brothers Wang and Wang Min who lived here. During the Five Dynasties, the Central Plains was divided and the corner of the south of the Yangtze River was relatively peaceful. At that time, Suzhou was an important town under the Qian regime of Wu Yueguo, second only to the capital Hangzhou. Qian Yuanhe, the fourth son of Qian, ruled Suzhou for decades and built Buddhist temples and gardens. According to records, Ganyuan "every time he visits Huqiu Temple, the road ahead is exciting." In contrast, it is necessary to plan repairs. "The temples and scenic spots in Tiger Hill have also been maintained and developed during this period. It is particularly worth mentioning that, according to the chronology of cultural relics and the shape of the tower found in the modern tower restoration building, the existing pagoda in Huqiu was built in the sixth year of Zhou Xiande (959) after the end of the Five Dynasties, that is, the thirteenth year of Wu Yueguo Wang Hongqian and the second year of Jianlong in the Northern Song Dynasty (96 1). Seventeen years after its establishment, Wu Yueguo "seized the land and returned it to the Song Dynasty", and Suzhou was formally incorporated into the territory of the Song Dynasty.

From the Northern Song Dynasty to Daoism (995-997), it is well known that Wei Yao changed the Huqiu Mountain Temple to Yunyan Temple, and changed it from Lvzong to Zen. In the first year of Jing (1034), the imperial edict was hidden in the temple, which contained 300 copies of the Imperial Letters of Song Zhenzong and Zhao Heng. Therefore, the Imperial Book Pavilion was specially built in four years (1037). At the beginning of the emperor (about 1044), the temple was changed to ten abbots. Since then, it has often become a place where Zen monks hang tin. At the beginning of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (about 1 13 1), Long Shao, a monk, went to Tiger Hill to give lectures. At that time, many monks gathered and became famous, thus forming the "Tiger Hill School", a faction of Zen Lin Jizong. The master's name is well-known in my spare time, and he has also heard about it overseas. "Law Xi is at its peak. The southeast jungle is named' Five Mountains and Ten Temples', and Tiger Hill is one of them. " In the sixth year of Shaoxing (1 136), Long Shao died in Tiger Hill. The old Longzu Pagoda in Tiger Hill is near Dongshan Temple. In the past, when Japanese envoys came to China to visit the Soviet Union, they would always pay homage to Longzu Tower, which shows the great influence. In the Song Dynasty, there were Meng Ying guanyin temple (Shi guanyin temple), Runwheel Tibetan Hall, Shuilu Hall, Chengonglou (Shuangjing Bridge), Qian Qing Yun Ge and Jingjing Academy.

From Yuan to Yuan (1338) to Zheng Zheng (1344), there was a large-scale construction in Yunyan Temple, and the maintenance of the tower was also recorded for the first time. The existing Ershanmen (Broken Beam Hall) was built at that time. At the same time, the Giant Buddha Hall, Thousand Buddha Pavilion, Three Masters Hall, Pingyuan Hall, Xiaowuxuan Pavilion, Huayu Pavilion and other buildings were repaired and rebuilt, and a giant clock was cast to dredge the mountain stream for more than 6,000 feet. In the 16th year of Zheng Zheng (1356), Zhang Shicheng occupied Pingjiang (Suzhou) and became king. In order to defend the city, we chose Tiger Hill, which is at the crossroads of land and water. While dredging the stream around the mountain, a mountain city was built along the stream, which turned the scenic spot people boarded into a heavily guarded military location. There was a time when "the tower on the mountain went down to the city, and there were few people lined with bamboo wares." However, Huqiu Tucheng did not play a role in the military. In the 26th year of Zheng Zheng (1366), Zhu Yuanzhang sent generals Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to conquer Zhang Shicheng and besieged the isolated city of Pingjiang (Suzhou) for ten months. According to legend, Xu Da's siege headquarters was located in Tiger Hill, while Chang Yuchun also stationed troops in Tiger Hill, and fought fiercely with Zhang Shicheng Army in the area from Shantang to North and South Trench in Nagato.

The Ming Dynasty was an eventful autumn in the history of Tiger Hill. There were three fires, destroyed and rebuilt. The first time was in the twenty-seventh year of Hongwu (1394). "The fire in the monk's house didn't stop, and it burned in the temple, extending to Futu." By the beginning of Yongle (about 403 years), pagodas, Buddha Hall and Manjusri Pavilion were built. From the seventeenth year (14 19) to the nineteenth year, the Miao Zhuang Yan Pavilion, the Thousand Buddhas Pavilion, the Great Compassion Pavilion, the Runwheel Tibetan Hall, the Tianwang Hall and the Wulin Buddha Selection Hall were built. The second time, in the eighth year of Xuande (1433), "the fire in the monastery resumed, and the floating picture was worse than the disaster." It is only twelve years since the first post-disaster reconstruction was completed. Chen Zhou, the governor, and Kuang Zhong, the magistrate, learned that Qiu Nan, the abbot of Yunyan Temple, was determined to come back to life and took the lead in donating money. Suzhou officials and people have given property. During the fifteen years from Zheng Tong's second year (1437) to Jingtai's fourth year (1453), the stupa was first restored, and the Great Buddha Hall was rebuilt, and then the Sutra Pavilion, the three major schools, the Temple of Kalan, the Xiangjitang and the Sea were built. Jiajing Wanli and apocalypse years. Under the initiative and sponsorship of Hu Zanzong, the magistrate, the Wanfo Pavilion, the West Hall, the Galatians Hall and the Tianwang Hall were built one after another. Guanyin Temple with Thousand Hands, Great Compassion Pavilion, Wheel Hall, Thousand Buddha Pavilion, Wushixuan, Hejing Temple, Wuxian Temple, Shen Gong Temple, Suyang Building, etc. The tower was rebuilt. However, it didn't take long before the third fire broke out in the second year of Chongzhen (1629), and the Daxiong Hall, the Buddha Pavilion and the Abbot Louguan were destroyed overnight. From the 11th year (1638) to the 13th year (1640), Governor Zhang Guowei donated money to rebuild the Ursa Mahayana Hall, the Thousand-Buddha Pagoda and repair the pagoda. According to Professor Liu Dunzhen's research, the seventh floor of the tower was rebuilt at that time.

In Qing Dynasty, Tiger Hill experienced a process of prosperity and decline. Tiger Hill flourished from Kangxi to Qianlong. Emperor Kangxi Michelle Ye and Emperor Qianlong Li Hong visited Tiger Hill six times. Every time I go to the south of the Yangtze River, I stay in the mountains. On several occasions, they returned to Beijing from Zhejiang via Suzhou and revisited Tiger Hill. Two generations wrote dozens of plaque couplets and recited more than 20 poems in Huqiu. The vertical plaque of "Temple of Khufu" hanging at Toushanmen Gate is written by Michelle Ye. Therefore, from the twenty-seventh year of Kangxi (1688) to the forty-fifth year of Kangxi (1706), Huqiu successively built the Long Live Building, the Imperial Monument Pavilion, the Wenchang Pavilion, and the magnificent palace "Hanhui Mountain Pavilion", and later rebuilt the Ursa Hall and the Thousand Buddha Pavilion. In the fifteenth year of Qianlong (1750), it was completely renovated again. In the 19th year (1754), Guanyin Hall and Dizang Hall were built, and in the 38th year (1773), towers were built. At that time, there were more than 5,080 pavilions and more than 200 scenic spots in front of and behind the mountain. Bai Causeway is known as the "Ten Scenes of Tiger Hill". Spring comes, the lotus pond is fragrant, and there is a moon in the middle of the month. There are snow peaks, wind and valley springs, flat forests and distant fields, cranes in stone streams, pine shadows on the bookshelves, green flowers around Xixi, and Xiao Wu at night. When Tiger Hill declined, it was destroyed by fire from the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860) to the second year of Tongzhi (1863). 1860, Li Xiucheng, a loyal monarch of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, marched eastward from Tianjing (Nanjing) and quickly approached Suzhou. The defeated Qing army set fire to Qiao Feng, Tiger Hill, Shantang, Shangtang, Xiatang, Nanhao and Beihao outside the city, and the fire lasted for three days and three nights. Yu Pingbo's poems are known as "the first-class romantic place in the world of mortals" (the first time in A Dream of Red Mansions). Suzhou Nagato, a prosperous commercial city, Tiger Hill and Hanshan Temple. , suddenly turned into ruins. 1863, Tiger Hill became the northwest outpost of Taiping Army defending Sioux City, and fortifications were built nearby. After the war, in Tiger Hill, there were only broken walls and dilapidated terraces, only the dilapidated Yunyan Temple Pagoda and Ershanmen. Erxian Pavilion and Shilou stand upright in the wild smoke and weeds; The dusk crow on the dangerous tower, the afterglow of the west wind, is inaccessible and desolate. After ten years of Tongzhi (187 1 year), the temples and halls of Shansi recovered slightly, but the scale was not as good as before. In the 10th year of Guangxu (1884), Hong Jun, the top scholar, and Zheng, the poet, raised funds to build a villa on the hillside of Hanhanquan. After the Revolution of 1911, in 19 18, Wuzhong celebrities Jin Songcen, Fei and Wang Dingcheng raised funds to build a pavilion in the north of the mountain villa, and planted hundreds of red and green plums beside it, which became a scenic spot for enjoying tea and plums. After more than ten years, Toushanmen, Stone guanyin temple, Shen Gong Temple, Sanquan Pavilion, Zhishuang Pavilion and Kezhong Pavilion have been built successively. However, during the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, the scenic spot was in disrepair, trees were cut down, and the desolate scene reappeared.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the scenic spots of Tiger Hill really began to be completely renovated. In the short ten years from 1953 to 1963, the devastated and cracked Yunyan Temple Pagoda was repaired and strengthened, and Ershanmen, Daxiong Hall, Thousand Hands Guanyin Hall, Xiaowuxuan, Baibu, Shibadian, Cuiyong Mountain Villa, Shen Gong Temple, Fifty-three Ginseng, Yubei Pavilion, and so on were rebuilt. Qiu Dongting, He Fangting, Sun Wuzi Pavilion, Yongquan Pavilion and Haiyong Bridge were newly built, Jianchi, Sanquan and Huanshan River were dredged, and a mountain road was built on the site of Tucheng in Zhang Shicheng at the end of Yuan Dynasty. At the same time, while protecting ancient trees, more than 22,000 trees have been planted on a large scale, and full of green has changed the barren face in the past. 196 1, Yunyan Temple Pagoda and Ershanmen, and the State Council were announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. However, during the ten-year "Cultural Revolution" from 1966 to 1976, the repair and construction of Tiger Hill not only came to a standstill, but also suffered man-made damage, with serious losses in stone carvings, Buddha statues, plaques, couplets, calligraphy and painting. Since the late 1970s, Tiger Hill has entered a new period of accelerated recovery and development. By the 40th anniversary of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC) on 1989, the buildings, stone carvings and plaques that were in disrepair and damaged and unsold were gradually maintained and restored, and a thousand acres of Yun Ge and Wuxian Temple were rebuilt, and new attractions such as Fencui Pavilion, Lanyue Pavilion, Yunzai Tea Scenery and Wanjia Fireworks were built. 1980 to 1982, a new "Wanjing Mountain Villa" bonsai garden with thousands of Soviet-style stump bonsai and waterstone bonsai was built in Dongshan Temple and the ruins of Longzu Tayuan. From 198 1 to 1986, the foundation and foundation of Yunyan Temple Pagoda were reinforced, which turned the Millennium Pagoda with an inclination of 2 to 34 meters into safety. After many years, Ershanmen was rebuilt, and Chaoyun Gallery, Pingyuantang Gallery, Yanghe Stream and Toushanmen Gallery were rebuilt, which dredged the ancient water system from Sanquan to Yanghe Stream through Jianchi, Qianrenshi and Bailianchi, and paved all the rugged stone roads around mountains and hillside paths into flat stone roads. At the same time, bamboo, tea, camphor, fir, pine, cypress, plum, cinnamon, cherry, maple, magnolia, ginkgo, pomegranate, loquat, persimmon, jujube, orange, chestnut, cuckoo and so on are vigorously planted. Nowadays, red plums and plums in the west, cherry blossoms in the east, bamboo, azalea and Baiyun tea behind have all become forests; Artificial cultivated herbs such as Ophiopogon japonicus, Ophiopogon japonicus and Ivy have also replaced wild weeds on hillsides and roadsides. Spring flowers, summer shade, autumn fruit, winter green, beautiful scenery of the four seasons and famous mountains throughout the ages are full of vitality.

In, Tiger Hill was rated as one of the top ten civilized scenic spots in China because of its neat and beautiful environment, orderly management and excellent service.

In, Huqiu Mountain Scenic Area in Suzhou Mountain City recently passed the international certification of quality management system and environmental management system. Previously, Fengshan Scenic Spot has been rated as "Top Ten Civilized Demonstration Scenic Spots in China" and a high-grade "AAAA" scenic spot confirmed by the National Tourism Administration. The international certification of quality management system and environmental management system indicates that the scenic spot has reached a new level, and will further optimize its quality and refresh its image from many aspects such as scientific fine management and environmental sustainable development.