How to prevent five travel diseases and seven major accidents during summer vacation

As soon as the summer vacation comes, have you noticed that the workstations around you suddenly become a lot empty? Because the babies are on vacation, many parents have begun taking vacations and taking their babies on family trips.

Of course reading thousands of books is not as good as traveling thousands of miles, but traveling is not as good as staying at home. The risks of illness and accidents are greatly increased. How to deal with "travel sickness" and sudden accidents that families may face when traveling during summer vacation? Listen A team of experts will explain it one by one.

Please keep this travel emergency guide compiled by the editor! Five "travel diseases" to guard against. Diarrhea, gout attack, heat stroke, sunburn... are all possible when you go out for fun during summer vacation... Yes! Don’t panic, the emergency expert team will teach you prevention.

1. Prevent Diarrhea

Diarrhea and diarrhea are the most common gastrointestinal "travel diseases". Statistics show that about 30% of tourists will suffer from diarrhea. Mainly due to travel fatigue, mental stress, improper diet, climate change, etc., the body's disease resistance is reduced, making it susceptible to infection by certain intestinal bacteria, mainly caused by E. coli infection. Medically, this type of diarrhea is called traveler's diarrhea.

Xu Ming, Director of the Gastroenterology Department of the Second Provincial Hospital, advises: Pay special attention to drinking water hygiene when traveling. It is safer to drink boiled water or bottled water. Drink less alcohol, eat less meat, eat mainly light foods, and drink less cold drinks to avoid increasing the burden on the gastrointestinal tract.

When using the air conditioner at night, cover your navel with a towel to prevent colds and diarrhea caused by cold. You should avoid rainy days when going out. It is best to take a hot shower after being exposed to the rain to remove the cold and prevent the occurrence of colds and diarrhea.

2. Prevent Heatstroke

It is very effortless to travel during the summer vacation. You do not need to bring bulky clothes, but you tend to sweat due to exposure to the heat, which makes you prone to heatstroke.

Usually, "premonitory heatstroke" will appear first, manifesting as excessive sweating, thirst, dizziness, palpitations, lack of concentration, etc. At this time, you should be vigilant and move to a cool and ventilated place in time. , add water and salt, and you can recover in a short time. Once heat stroke occurs, the patient should be moved to a cool and ventilated place to lie down, let him lie on his side, keep the respiratory tract open, call the local emergency number immediately and wait for rescuers to arrive.

To prevent heatstroke during travel, Du Zuoyi, director of the Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine at the Second Provincial Hospital, reminds:

When the temperature is particularly high, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, should go out as little as possible. Travel;

In terms of itinerary, it is best to choose a relatively cool early morning departure. Do not stay outdoors from 12:00 to 14:00 when the sun is strongest, and do not move after 15:00 to 16:00;

Don't overwork yourself, pay attention to replenishing water in small amounts and multiple times, preferably 100 to 150 ml each time, with an interval of half an hour. You can also drink some boiled salt water to replenish salt.

Carry Huoxiang Zhengqi Water, Rendan, Fengyoujing and other heatstroke prevention medicines with you. In particular, Huoxiang Zhengqi Water can be taken internally to treat vomiting, and can also be used externally to prevent mosquito bites and relieve itching.

3. Prevent sunburn

During summer vacation, many families choose to swim at the beach or go hiking to cool off. Exposure to the sun is unavoidable, and a dark patch is not a big deal. The most feared thing is sunburn.

If the sun is too strong or the sun is exposed for too long, the skin on the exposed parts of the face, neck, arms and lower limbs will develop sun spots or even sunburn. The most common symptoms are lumps, urticaria, blisters or erythema on the skin surface. Mild cases can be cured in about two days, while severe cases can be cured after a week.

Wen Ju, Director of the Dermatology Department of the Second Provincial Hospital, reminded:

You should wear sunglasses and apply sunscreen when going out to prevent the deterioration of cataracts and spots caused by ultraviolet radiation, especially for the elderly and children. Protect your eyes.

Wearing protective clothing, such as long pants and long-sleeved clothing, a sun hat, and an anti-UV umbrella, can effectively avoid direct and strong sunlight exposure.

Once sunburn occurs, cold baths or cold compresses can help relieve pain at the wound.

4. Prevent gout attacks

When traveling, you should eat, drink, and be happy. However, every year, people at high risk of gout suffer from acute gout attacks outside and are in terrible pain.

Gout mostly occurs at night. Patients often feel fine while eating dinner, but are suddenly attacked by severe pain at night, so severe that they cannot even walk.

Li Tianwang, director of the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Second Provincial Hospital, reminded: People at high risk of gout who are obese or have high blood uric acid must eat less seafood and drink less alcohol to prevent acute attacks of gout; gout patients should also control their mouths and refrain from eating. Seafood and alcohol are prohibited, and high-purine foods such as meat and animal offal should also be avoided.

5. Prevent Snake and Insect Bites

Of course you won’t stay in an air-conditioned room when traveling as a family. Outdoor sports or hiking are fun enough, but you must beware of snake and insect bites. hurt.

In summer, venomous snakes, scorpions, centipedes and other snakes and insects are very active. Once you are bitten by snakes and insects during outdoor activities, hiking and camping, you should take timely self-rescue measures. First of all, don't run around in panic. Vigorous activities will speed up blood circulation, accelerate the body's absorption of toxins, and aggravate poisoning symptoms; then quickly tie a tourniquet or string 5 to 10 cm away from the wound to prevent the spread of toxins in the body. , rinse the wound with water or tea, and quickly send it to the hospital for rescue.

Seven major unexpected accidents to deal with

When traveling during summer vacation, you may encounter the seven most common unexpected accidents. Don’t panic at this time. Experts from the Provincial Emergency Hospital Tips on how to respond and carry out emergency first aid are worth collecting.

1. Heat stroke

(1) Moving: quickly lift the patient to a ventilated, cool and dry place, make him lie down and unbutton, loosen or take off his clothes Clothes should be changed if they are soaked with sweat.

(2) Cooling: The patient's head can be covered with a cold towel, and 50% alcohol, liquor, ice water or cold water can be used for a full body bath, and then a fan or electric fan can be used to blow air to accelerate heat dissipation. If possible, a cooling blanket can also be used to cool down. But do not lower the patient's body temperature quickly. When the body temperature drops below 38°C, all cold compresses and other strong cooling measures should be stopped.

(3) Rehydration: When the patient is still conscious, some refreshing drinks can be given. When replenishing water, a small amount of salt or baking soda can be added. But don’t rush to add a lot of water, otherwise it will cause vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea and other symptoms.

(4) Promote awakening: If the patient has lost consciousness, you can pinch Renzhong, Hegu and other points to wake him up. If breathing stops, artificial respiration should be implemented immediately.

2. Bleeding in the field

(1) Disinfection: Clean the wound with water and soap (only for small wounds). For wounds bruised by a fall or suspected of being stained with dirt, , pay attention to disinfection carefully.

(2) Stop bleeding: Let the injured person sit in a comfortable place, comfort the patient and raise the injured limb, cover the wound with a piece of clothing, press on the dressing with your hand, apply appropriate pressure to help stop bleeding .

(3) Bandaging: If the wound has basically stopped bleeding, it can be bandaged and fixed with clothing. Ask the injured to take a rest and then call for assistance.

3. Fractures in traffic accidents

(1) Pay attention to prevent the injured from going into shock and do not move the fractured part of the body. If the spinal cord is suspected to be damaged, generally do not change the posture of the injured person.

(2) Carefully wrap the specific fracture site with sterile tape and keep the site still as it was after the fracture occurred.

(3) In the absence of bandaging supplies, local materials can be used to fix the fracture site to reduce the pain of the injured and facilitate transportation.

4. Burns and Scalds

(1) Remove the heat source immediately.

(2) The most practical and feasible method is to locally cool down the burned area and rinse it with cold water. The sooner you rinse, the better, so as not to break the blisters. Even if the burn causes the epidermis to peel off, it should still be rinsed with cold water. Don't be afraid of infection and be afraid to rinse. The flushing time can last for about half an hour, and the pain will be significantly reduced after being separated from the cold source.

(3) If you cannot get close to the water source quickly, you can also use ice cubes, popsicles, etc. to apply cold compresses. For minor burns on a small local area, burn ointment can be applied externally after cleaning the wound. However, for burns on a large area, it is advisable to send the patient to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible.

5. Asthma attack

(1) When an asthma attack occurs, the patient's psychological pressure should be relieved, let him sit or semi-recumbent, unbutton his collar and loosen his belt. , to avoid chest and abdominal pressure and unnecessary movement.

(2) Clear secretions from the mouth and nose to keep the respiratory tract open.

(3) If you are an elderly patient or have a history of heart disease, you may have cardiac asthma. You should immediately take 1 to 2 Xiaoxintong or nitroglycerin tablets sublingually. If it is bronchial asthma, the allergen should be removed as soon as possible. If organ antispasmodic aerosol is available, the patient should be inhaled 2 to 3 times immediately.

(4) Once the heartbeat and breathing stop, artificial cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed as soon as possible to buy time for further treatment. Remember never to carry a patient to the hospital for emergency treatment, as this may aggravate the condition to a certain extent.

6. Bitten by a dog

(1) Wash the wound. Wash the wound as quickly as possible with plenty of soapy water or water (more than 10,000 ml) for at least 15 minutes. If there is no water source nearby, you can first use human urine instead of clean water to rinse, and then try to find water. Remember: Do not bandage the wound! Washing the wound on the spot, immediately and thoroughly is the key to the success or failure of the rescue. Do not forget to wash the wound, or wash it carelessly, or even apply some mercurochrome to bandage the wound before going to the hospital. This is absolutely Wrong.

(2) Rub the wound. After thorough washing, apply 2% to 3% iodine or 75% alcohol to the wound.

Special reminder: As long as the major blood vessels are not injured, try not to suture or bandage. You must go to the hospital for further treatment as soon as possible. Vaccination against rabies is recommended after first exposure. In principle, the earlier the better.

7. Drowning

(1) Check. After rescuing the drowning person to the shore, the physical condition of the drowning person should be checked quickly.

(2)Restore unobstructed breathing. Since drowning victims often have severe respiratory obstruction, the silt, weeds and vomit in the mouth and nose should be removed immediately, and then the water should be controlled.

(3) Water control treatment. Method: The rescuer kneels on the ground with one leg, and puts the other leg out of the knee. Place the drowning person's abdomen on the rescuer's knee, make his head droop, and then press on his abdomen and back. You can also use the natural slope on the ground to place the drowning person's head on a downward slope, or use small wooden benches, large rocks, upside-down iron pots, etc. as elevated objects to control the water.

(4) If the drowning victim has stopped breathing, artificial respiration and chest cardiac compressions should be performed immediately after controlling the water.

The first responder places the heel of his hand on the middle of the sternum to perform heart compressions, pressing down slowly and relaxing quickly.