Supply chain architect-read notes

1, Dragon Effect: Due to the long supply chain process, too wide geographical distribution or too fine division of labor, the visibility of the supply chain is not high, and coordination is difficult, thus losing control of the supply chain.

2. Bullwhip effect: When the information flow in the supply chain is transmitted from the end customer to the original supplier, the information is distorted and gradually enlarged due to the inability to effectively enjoy the information, resulting in more and more fluctuations in demand information.

Supply chain integration design drawing

Supply chain control chart (SCCM)

Based on the design drawing of supply chain inheritance, it is marked with "control points" and "control methods".

There are four main methods of supply chain control: testing and trial operation, process control, regular/irregular audit and remedial maintenance.

Process control: approval control (AP), periodic inventory (CC), total inventory (PI), reconciliation (RC) and data mining (DM).

Supply chain diagram example:

Fifthly, reverse supply chain design.

Macro reversal and micro reversal

Macro-reverse: from the customer's point of view, including: customer-driven reverse supply chain such as return and maintenance.

Micro-reverse: From the perspective of supply chain, all behaviors that are contrary to the forward supply chain process are classified as micro-reverse.

Furthermore, all supply chain designs that need to adopt reverse thinking belong to micro-reverse.

Six, the foolproof method of supply chain design-"zero one principle"

Fool-proof method: the behavior restraint method of prevention and correction, and the restraint method of avoiding mistakes, so that we can complete the correct operation without paying attention or needing experience and professional knowledge.

The third chapter, how to reduce the bullwhip effect-the combination of push and pull.

Bullwhip effect: Bullwhip effect refers to the fact that when the information flow in the supply chain is transmitted from the end customer to the original supplier, the information is distorted and gradually enlarged due to the inability to effectively enjoy the real-time information, which leads to the increasing fluctuation of demand information.

Reasons for Bullwhip Effect: Multiple demand forecasting: mass production/ordering, price fluctuation and promotion, shortage/rationing.

1, implementation information * * *

CPFR has three architectures: * * shared system architecture, centralized system architecture and distributed system architecture.

2. Reduce price changes

3. Push-pull combination

Push: manufacturers take the initiative to push.

Pull: consumer pull

How to choose push or pull?

? Pull supply chain is more suitable for reactive supply chain, while push supply chain is more suitable for economical supply chain?

? If the cost permits, pull as far as possible, and push what can't be pulled.

The third part is the design of push-pull supply chain.

The length of the supply chain depends on the length of the supply end and the sales end.

The structure of supply chain depends on the design of push-pull structure.

Short stretch push mode

Push-pull balance point

Push-pull imbalance

Pull mode

More haste, less speed-"delay strategy" in supply chain

1, production delay

2. Logistics delay

The focus of supply chain strategic management is not the competitive advantage brought by the products and services provided by enterprises to customers themselves, but the competitive advantage brought by the market value created by the products or services within the enterprise and the whole supply chain movement process.

Double gold model of supply chain strategy

In the second quarter, customers, channels, demand and supply-none of them can be less.

Four basic elements of supply chain planning: customer value, channel characteristics, demand characteristics and supply characteristics.

Zero-level channel is also called direct channel: no channel middleman participates in a channel structure.

Channel width: intensive distribution channels, selective distribution channels and exclusive distribution channels.

Functional products and innovative products

Demand characteristics: innovation speed

Supply characteristics

The third part, supply chain strategy matching-classic and innovation.

Efficient supply chain: the strategic goal of supply chain is to minimize costs.

Supply chain responding to the market: the strategic goal of supply chain is to respond quickly and flexibly to changes in customer demand.

Risk-taking supply chain: The strategic goal of the supply chain is to integrate * * and share the resources in the supply chain * * and share the risk of supply chain interruption.

Agile supply chain: The strategic goal of supply chain is to respond to the diversity of customers' needs quickly and flexibly, and at the same time minimize the risk of supply shortage and interruption through inventory and integration of resources.

Douglas's supply chain strategy matching theory

Demand classification: random demand, periodic demand, seasonal demand, growth demand and horizontal demand.

BTP、BTS、BTO、CTO、DTO

BTP/MTP: Production according to plan, also known as manufacturing according to plan, and production according to planned sales volume.

BTS/MTS: make to stock, also known as make to stock, arranges production according to the designed inventory water level.

BTO/MTO: Make-to-order production, also known as make-to-order production, starts production according to customers' actual orders. Before this, no or only a small amount of common parts inventory is prepared. Only after the customer's order is issued will the production and manufacturing be arranged according to the customer's order.

CTO/ATO: Configure according to order, also called assemble according to order. Assemble according to customers' actual orders. Before that, prepare most parts and semi-finished products. After the customer order is issued, arrange the assembly according to the customer order quantity requirements.

DTO: designed and manufactured according to orders. Design and manufacture according to the actual orders of customers. Prior to this, there was basically no inventory preparation, and even the clear design scheme of the product was not determined. After the customer's order is issued, design and manufacture products according to the customer's actual needs.

3. Strategic matching model of compound supply chain.

Four supply chain strategic modes of compound supply chain: single supply chain, broom supply chain, funnel supply chain and subdivision/integration supply chain.

1, 3-year weighted compound income growth rate

2. Inventory turnover rate

3.3-year weighted return on compound assets

The second section, lean supply chain management mode-eat well, digest quickly and transform well.

High growth, high speed and high profit.

Section one. Who is in charge of the business plan?

SO & ampp: That is, the sales and operation planning process. If we divide the end-to-end supply chain into two parts: the sales end and the operation end.

Section 2, * * * Understanding the forecasting and planning process

Every innovation will produce a great enterprise: Toyota's punctuality, Dell's direct sales, ZARA's speed, Amazon's smart logistics and UPS's supply chain finance.

1, unlimited level

2. Reaction stage

3. Standard level

4. excellent

5. Activity level

How big the platform is and how influential it is depends on three aspects: the maturity of enterprise sop, the coordination level of various departments of the enterprise and the coordination level in the supply chain.

Section three, prediction: rational and perceptual thinking

The first section, get out of the five misunderstandings of inventory management.

Five misunderstandings of inventory management

Inventory management is warehouse management.

Inventory is the "devil" and "zero inventory" is the most perfect.

Inventory management is a "digital game"

ERP can solve the inventory problem.

The higher the inventory turnover rate, the better.

The second section, the "console" and "Bible" of inventory management.

Four modules of inventory

Inventory planning, material management, process control and financial control.

The First Core of Inventory Management —— Value of 3V

Part three? How much inventory is reasonable?

1, classic inventory model

Single-cycle inventory model

Multiperiod inventory model

2. The problem of choosing a model

Inventory decision,

Concepts of safety stock and circulation stock

First, establish demand forecast. operation management

The procurement lead time is fixed.

value-added tax

Visibility visualization

degree of accuracy

traceability

It can go through two stages and four means (process testing, inventory, data matching and audit).

Means (inventory, data matching, audit) needed in the operation stage of supply chain.

Cost, time, quality, technology, service, innovation and flexibility

Category management and category purchasing strategy

Category management is the core of procurement and supply chain management.

1, category category definition

Industry standards and classification standards formed within the company

2. Analyze the procurement status and problems of this category.

3. Technical analysis of this category

4. Analysis of the supply market of this category.

5. Purchasing power analysis of this category

6. Positioning of supply categories.

Strategy class, bottleneck class, leverage class, daily class.

Daily projects and non-critical projects

7. Category strategy and task decomposition.

8. Organizational structure and working methods of the category team.

Category group: the formulation and implementation of category strategy must be the crystallization of cross-departmental wisdom.

Four performance indicators of procurement management: QCDS quality, cost, delivery and service.

1, price analysis 2, bidding? 3. Internet/electronic catalog procurement? 4. Reverse auction? 5. Price benchmark analysis

Define cost elements, obtain cost data, establish cost model, track and adjust cost model.

Current supplier profit level, industry profit level, industry profit level+reward, fixed unit product profit, fixed total profit and weighted product elements.

1, adopting delay strategy to reduce product differentiation.

2. Let suppliers participate in product development (ESI) as soon as possible.

3. Adopt the accounting method of CTO (Total Cost of Ownership).

4, the implementation of value engineering/value analysis

5. Cultivate supply resources through reverse marketing.

6. Effective strategic procurement alliance

Risk-averse procurement

1. Discuss cooperation with customers.

2. Discuss cooperation with suppliers.

3, enterprise internal process and communication

The risk procurement process includes risk assessment, risk decision-making and risk planning.

Perfect order fulfillment rate: punctuality% x quantity% x comprehensive quality% x document completion =? Perfect order fulfillment rate%

It doesn't matter if you lose money, it is fatal if the cash flow is broken.

Section 2 Supply Chain Financial Instruments

Financing methods of supply chain finance: accounts receivable financing, inventory financing and prepayment financing.

Supply Chain Finance —— New Finance under the New Economy

Supply chain finance

An example of logistics supply chain solution;

Capital is the blood of an enterprise, and healthy capital flow management not only keeps the lifeblood of the enterprise, but also provides sufficient power for its development.

1, the design and maintenance of capital flow is probably the most important task in the "third-rate management" of supply chain.

Losing money won't bankrupt the enterprise, but no cash will.

There is a time difference in the circulation of funds.

4. The collection and payment time of funds will be increased in several parts: Dior, DSO and DPO.

5. Turnaround days: CCC

6. What is supply chain finance? It is a comprehensive service that takes the real transaction in the supply chain as the core, injects funds into the transaction link through the third party, and provides related services such as risk control, logistics management and information management to drive the real logistics, information flow and capital flow in the transaction to increase value and improve efficiency.

7. Three financing methods of supply chain; Accounts receivable financing, inventory financing, prepayment financing and strategic relationship financing.

8. In the commodity field, whoever controls the supply chain will control the pricing power.

The first is from bottleneck to non-bottleneck.

The second is from non-bottleneck to bottleneck.

The third is to combine or merge bottleneck and non-bottleneck production.

The fourth bottleneck and non-bottleneck output are supplied to independent markets.