On the causes of tourism seasonality.

The conditions for tourism realization include income, leisure time and main types of tourism (leisure, cultural knowledge, etc.). ) and the object of travel. Tourism resources are the three major factors that constitute the seasonality of tourism. The golden week holidays and year-end bonus income of May Day, November Day and New Year travel are the peak periods. Cultural knowledge-based tourists have higher requirements for the cultural connotation of tourism products and the scientific nature of tourism plans, and the seasonality of traveling abroad is relatively weak; Business tourists have no choice on destination and travel time, so there is no seasonality; However, leisure tourists pursue appreciation, entertainment and leisure enjoyment, and have greater autonomy in tourism decision-making. The change of preference or the influence of objective factors will lead to the change of travel itinerary. They mainly choose to travel when their leisure time is concentrated and the climate of tourist attractions is good, so going out is seasonal.

Tourism object factor

The elements of tourism resources have the characteristics of aesthetics, regional differences and non-transferability. Tourism resources are the attraction of tourism, the object of tourists' sightseeing and the most basic elements of tourism activities and tourism undertakings, including natural tourism resources and humanistic tourism resources. Natural tourism resources are often affected by seasonal natural conditions, such as geographical location, climate change, sun and moon movement, seasonal changes and so on. , and has obvious seasonal characteristics. Humanistic tourism resources include sites, buildings, gardens and folk customs. Among them, competitions in seasons, fertility, marriage, entertainment and folk customs of the year are also concentrated in a certain period.

It is precisely because of the above characteristics of tourism resources that the time distribution of tourism resources presents certain variability, so travelers try to choose the right time. Many landscapes show different beauty all year round. Some scenic spots have special seasonality, and only at a certain time and season will they show the best scenery. Moreover, national festivals such as Songkran Festival and March 3rd can only be attended at certain times, so tourism should be "in season" and "at that time", which eventually leads to the distinction between peak season and off season.

human factor

There is another factor that cannot be ignored in tourism seasonality, that is, artificially emphasizing seasonality, which is mainly reflected in tourism policy, tourism image positioning, tourism publicity and so on. For example, the World Tourism and Tourism Council (WTTC) reported to the China National Tourism Administration that the "Golden Week" holiday in China has a strong seasonality, which will bring more and more uncontrollable pressure on the existing tourism resources and infrastructure, and may deviate from the original intention of encouraging domestic tourism consumption. Although the "Golden Week" has a great influence on the start of tourism in China, "this national holiday is very seasonal, and it may also lead consumers to use disposable income for other expenses to avoid these peak hours".

In addition, there are obvious "seasonal characteristics" in the positioning and publicity of tourism image in many areas. If Beidaihe is positioned as a "summer capital", it will give people the impression that it is a tourist destination in summer, and the number of people going at other times will naturally decrease. Qingdao has also been promoting the tourism image of a "summer resort". Beidaihe, Qingdao, Dalian and other coastal tourist attractions have obvious seasonality because of their special coastal tourist resources, but if they are artificially weighted, they will undoubtedly make things worse.