Research on the landscape transformation of abandoned industrial factory areas in China?

Zhongda Consulting brings you research on the landscape transformation of abandoned industrial factory areas in China. In the past 20 years, with the intensification of urbanization, urban construction and old city reconstruction have also been vigorously carried out. Since the remaining industrial factory buildings in China are neither ancient buildings nor cultural relics, they are often bulldozed, demolished and quickly withdrawn. The spatial stage of urban life. Under this situation, how to protect, redevelop and reuse a large number of modern abandoned industrial factory areas is not only of great cultural significance, but also a practical problem faced in the renewal and transformation of old cities.

1. The current status of the remains of domestic abandoned industrial factory areas

1.1 The gradual loss of original material functions

The remains of abandoned industrial factory areas in cities, especially large industries It plays an important role in the urban structure of the city. After the 1990s, with the adjustment of urban industrial structure, the spatial pattern of many cities has undergone major changes. On the one hand, the rise of the tertiary industry and the introduction and development of high-tech have put the development of traditional industries into trouble, and many old factories and enterprises are facing the situation of "closing, suspending, merging, and transferring"; on the other hand, the expansion of cities has put the old Industrial factory buildings are mixed in with the newly built sections, looking out of place. Urban planning also consciously moves old industrial areas to emerging industrial areas or suburbs. In this way, many industrial factory buildings have lost their material functions and become increasingly dilapidated due to being vacant and abandoned for a long time, becoming a burden on urban environmental construction.

1.2 still carries important spiritual functions

The abandoned industrial factory area was once a representative of new technologies, new materials, and new structures in a certain period of time in our country, and was an important part of the urban development context. The ring is a witness to the city’s complete image and historical evolution. In the first half of the 20th century, my country completed an important stage of industrialization accumulation. In the process of actively learning from the world's technologically advanced countries, the design of industrial factory buildings was more influenced by Western new buildings and adopted more new technologies. , new structures, and new materials, representing the level of scientific and technological development at that time.

2. The significance of landscape transformation of abandoned industrial factory areas

2.1 The economic significance of transformation

Renovation is an abstraction between tangible and intangible values Exchange, and itself can also create visible economic benefits. In terms of cost, the transformation of abandoned industrial factory areas can save one-third to one-fourth of the construction cost and save a large amount of public construction costs.

2.2 Energy-saving significance of renovation

Demolishing old industrial plants consumes a lot of energy, such as transporting construction waste, processing construction waste, and human resources during the demolition process. It can be said that if an identical building is built on the same site, the wasted and additional energy consumption = the energy currently contained in the building + the energy of urban infrastructure + the energy consumption required for disassembly, and these can all be saved through renovation.

2.3 Environmental Significance of Renovation

When the abandoned industrial factory area was built, it was already accompanied by the emission of greenhouse gases and poisonous substances such as carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. If it is rebuilt, it will inevitably Create new pollution and intensify the greenhouse effect. In addition, the traditional demolition process is often accompanied by urban noise and air pollution. More importantly, demolished construction waste cannot be degraded naturally

2.4 Contextual significance of transformation

Whether it is a single building or a historical location, it is an organic part of the city. It plays a very important role in the continuation of urban context and the integrity of the environment. If context is also understood as a resource from a cultural ecological perspective, then transformation provides an effective way to protect cultural resources.

3. Principles of landscape renovation of abandoned industrial factory areas

3.1 Principle of respect

The design principle of respect refers to the renovation and reuse project of abandoned industrial factory areas , respecting the history and spatial logic of the original building. For the renovation design of old factories with historical, cultural and artistic value, the principle of respect is reflected in maintaining the historical and cultural atmosphere, spatial order, form, and architectural style of the original factory; the principle of respect is reflected in the volume of the original building Respect for relationships, spatial characteristics, structural systems, and technical facilities. In terms of content, these elements may be architectural space, wall texture, structural components, or even some inconspicuous equipment left over from the past. However, as long as the designer captures them keenly and processes them through a series of interior techniques such as color, lighting, texture, material, line of sight, and streamline control, these things can make a special contribution to the interior space of the renovation project. .

3.2 Matching Principle

The matching design principle refers to the principle that the renovation design should be structurally reasonable, economically feasible, and maintenance-friendly while meeting new functional requirements. In this way, the new use functions and the old spatial form of the building can be matched with each other. Therefore, when dealing with each specific renovation project, we should first analyze the relationship between function and form, explore the spatial patterns of the existing factory building, explore the potential uses of the space, understand the available area and the needs of the owners, and then determine the renovation The basic intention of the design is to meet the matching principle between new architectural form and function.

3.3 ***Principle of regeneration

In the transformation and utilization of waste factory areas, various old and new elements become a whole through integration. Through the reorganization and bridging of old and new elements, new elements are created. It injects new vitality into the organism and provides the possibility and freedom of development. The creation of new and old spaces is a necessary prerequisite for the renovation and utilization of old factory areas, and is also the main content of dealing with the relationship between new and old buildings in urban design. Whether it is the internal renewal of old buildings, the relationship between new buildings and old buildings, or the relationship between new buildings and the urban environment, the principle of the harmony between the old and the new should be followed.

4. Landscape transformation and practice model of abandoned industrial factory areas

4.1 Urban open space model

Strengthen the construction of ecological cities and promote urban development through open spaces Sustainable development is a major issue in my country's current situation of sustained urbanization. Transforming abandoned industrial plants and industrial wastelands into urban open spaces is of great social and practical significance, and is very feasible. .

4.2 Tourism resort model

Abandoned industrial factory area tourism is an emerging research direction in industrial theme tourism. However, at present, abandoned industrial factory area tourism has not yet formed a scale and has been implemented in detail. The operating experience is relatively lacking, which requires our designers to constantly explore and practice to summarize effective and feasible methods

4.3 Expo Center Model

The Expo Center is also an area of ??abandoned industrial plants A new attempt at landscape transformation. For abandoned industrial plants or industrial heritage, government departments should establish corresponding industrial cultural relics protection agencies to be responsible for the research, protection, management, development and utilization of industrial cultural relics; and build exhibition halls to protect industrial cultural relics.

4.4 Creative Industrial Park (Center) Model

The early rents of modern old industrial buildings were cheaper and they were located in the city center. More importantly, the accumulation behind these old factories and old warehouses The industrial civilization and site memory can inspire creative inspiration. Coupled with the open and spacious structure of the factory, which can be divided, combined and rearranged at will, it is favored by artists and other creative industry practitioners. For example, No. 8 Bridge Creative Industrial Park.

4.5 Residential Model

(1) From factory building to duplex single apartment

(2) From factory building to urban low-rent housing

< p>5. Renovation and design techniques for waste industrial factory buildings and external environmental landscapes

5.1 Integrated design techniques for interior space renovation of waste industrial factory buildings

5.1.1 Vertical development< /p>

Developing towards the top or extending downward has become an effective way to increase the usable area. Of course, the first condition is that the original structure allows it and it is feasible. This requires a series of studies on the structural conditions.

5.1.2 Horizontal development

The inward advancement of factory space is often caused by changes in external conditions. The library in Kanazawa, Japan, is a successful example of applying horizontal expansion to transform an old building. The building factory converted a tobacco factory into a library and built a very modern new library next to it.

5.1.3 Merger of neighboring buildings

Sometimes several old independent buildings are either connected together or very close to each other, each due to space separation or size. For other reasons, it does not meet the functional requirements of the times and needs to be transformed. At this time, merging connections is a good way.

5.1.4 Restoration design techniques

In the process of renovation, the main purpose is to restore and preserve the style of the original factory building, and update the equipment appropriately; while restoring and preserving the external spatial form of the original building , using modern materials and modern space processing techniques to create a new internal space form that can meet the requirements of modern use.

5.1.5 Change the ground and ceiling height

(1) Reset the ground height

(2) Reset the ceiling height to transform the factory space

This method can not only divide the use space of different functions and adjust the proportion of the space, but also in the renovation of some old factories, the equipment required for the renewal of the old factories can be hidden in the lowered ceiling, thereby saving space and making the ceiling more visible. There is more room for maneuver in decoration design.

5.1.6 Use partition walls to flexibly divide space

That is, within the load-bearing range that the original structure may allow, create new spaces by adding lightweight partition walls or sandwich walls to the original space. The internal space image meets the new usage requirements.

5.1.7 Partial transformation of the old factory structure

On the premise of not affecting the overall stability of the original factory structure, sometimes it is possible to partially increase, decrease or Reorganize structural elements to create a spatial image that meets special needs.

5.1.8 Make full use of the original structural components

During the renovation process, in order to fully utilize the potential of the original structural components, the original structural components can be utilized through suspension, Tie or cantilever methods can be used to bear the load of the newly added parts, which can not only reduce costs but also increase the flexibility of space use.

5.2 Landscape coordination and design techniques for the facade of abandoned industrial factory buildings

5.2.1 Seeking for unique factors in the facade composition

Expansion Part of the facade design can respect and continue the original architectural form in terms of cornice height, facade proportions, overall scale, and the color and texture of the materials used, seeking coordination and echo between the two.

5.2.2 Establish a response between the old and the new through component transfer

Transfer the distinctive local components of the original factory building to appropriate locations in the extension to create a good harmony between the old and new building forms. Coordination and response can also be called the "component transfer method".

5.2.3 Establish a shared space between the new and old buildings

Designing a shared hall at the connection between the extension and the original building can make the new and old building elements And placed in the same space, they complement each other and complement each other, making the transition space more natural and innovative.

5.2.4 The new part serves as a background for the old building

The facade of the extension located at the rear of the original building is designed into a simple geometric image that is evenly divided, becoming the original A good architectural background to highlight the beauty of the original architectural details.

5.2.5 Coordinate the existing relevant factors of new and old buildings

Refine and appropriately transform the representative characteristic elements of the original building, and appropriately apply them to the expansion Part of the design promotes dialogue and good coordination between new and old buildings, thereby well maintaining the continuity of the architectural culture of the historic location.

5.2.6 Preserve the distinctive facades and maintain the city image

Some factory buildings have facades that other buildings do not have, such as boiler plants, steel plants, etc. Keep these distinctive facades It can well maintain the continuity of architectural culture in historic areas.

5.3 External environmental landscape renovation design of abandoned industrial factory areas

5.3.1 Treatment of abandoned industrial buildings, structures and industrial facilities

In the transformation of abandoned industrial factories , some works boldly use bright colors to emphasize the industrial landscape, making it prominent and eye-catching, turning dilapidated industrial sites into a colorful world. On the one hand, the messy industrial landscape of abandoned factories can be unified through color. On the other hand, color processing can be used to express specific themes based on people's psychological characteristics. At the same time, in the renovation of abandoned factories, color can be used to indicate different areas. . Some industrial components bring novel and humorous effects through dramatic treatments such as distortion, deformation, collision, mutation, bulge, collapse, fracture, and reproduction of historical scenes.

5.3.2 Treatment of surface traces after industrial production

Industrial production has left traces in nature. Landscape design must respect the characteristics of the site and adopt treatments such as retention and artistic processing. way, making it a landscape that represents its history and culture. Artistic processing of surface traces can also be performed.

5.3.3 Waste material utilization and pollution treatment

If the waste materials on the site do not pollute the environment, they can be used or processed on site; some waste materials pollute the environment and must undergo technical treatment Reuse later. In the treatment of waste and pollution, the principle is to use local materials and digest them locally. When pollution is serious, the source of pollution must be cleaned up and the pollutants must be transported out of the country.

(1) Reuse of waste materials

(2) Art generation

(3) Artistic presentation of ecological processes

( 4) Application of ecological technology

(5) Experience the technical processing process

5.3.4 Plant landscape design

Before plant landscape design, the soil of the waste factory area needs to be Only by analyzing and testing the situation can appropriate countermeasures be chosen. The conventional approach is to remove the contaminated soil, cover it with soil to restore vegetation, or conduct comprehensive technical treatment of the soil.

On heavily polluted or extremely barren sites, where the damaged ecosystem is irreversible, human intervention is required. The main purpose is to increase soil humus, improve its nutritional status, and promote the natural regeneration of vegetation. If the ecological balance is reversible, the site can be protected to reduce external pressure and allow the vegetation to recover naturally.

6. Inspiration to us

6.1 Respect the original appearance and history of the site, not to obliterate it but to give it new meaning and interpretation.

6.2 Establish a complete landscape sequence to coordinate the parts with the whole.

6.3 Combination of design and nature. The site renovation must respect nature, protect its own unique ecological system, make the vegetation as local as possible, and cultivate plants according to the needs of the site.

6.4 Managers should consciously integrate into the redevelopment and utilization of industrial waste factory areas.

6.5 Active marketing strategies need to be implemented to ensure the practicality of the event venue.

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