What important stages did Confucius experience in his life during his journey?

On the historical map of China culture, what places need us to observe carefully and think deeply?

The new column "People's Map" in this edition tries to sketch a picture for readers, understand and feel through walking, pursue the footprint of Chinese culture on the journey and stimulate cultural thinking.

Confucius' "traveling around the world" is a well-known historical and cultural story. But do you know that Confucius and his disciples traveled around the world for fourteen years and experienced hardships? Where have they been and what have they seen?

The important stage of Confucius' life is on the road.

Wang Daqian

Confucius' life should give us a lot of inspiration. He felt the mountains and rivers in his travels, realized life in his perception of mountains and rivers, and formed philosophy in his meditation and pursuit of life.

Confucius said, "The knower enjoys water, while the benevolent enjoys Leshan. Those who know move, those who are good are quiet. Those who know are happy, and those who are benevolent are longevity. " Personalize the natural landscape, observe its characteristics when enjoying the natural scenery, and connect it with people's morality through analogy. Confucius believes that "the wise are not confused, the benevolent are not worried, and the brave are not afraid". The first way to achieve benevolence is to learn from things, and tourism can learn from things.

The joy or hardship of the journey did not stop Confucius from thinking about life. Confucius looked at the flowing river and sighed: "The deceased is like a husband! Don't give up day and night. " This is Confucius' deepest understanding of life in the face of mountains and rivers, and his ultimate concern and profound thinking about the journey of life. Seeing the natural changes of the four seasons also triggered his infinite admiration for the natural avenue: "What is the sky?" When you are at four o'clock, everything is born. What is the sky! "Without profound and complicated preaching, we are so deeply enlightened and impressed in front of the natural avenue.

It can be said that the most important stage of Confucius' life is on the road. He is an eternal sample of tourists, and everything he sees, hears and feels during his trip is recorded. This is the Analects of Confucius, which brings together the wisdom of Confucius.

Confucius traveled all over the world, and after smelling Shao in Qi, he didn't know the taste of meat in March. Yue: "Be happy if you don't want to be happy!" This is what Confucius felt when he went to Qi to listen to wonderful music ... The so-called one flower and one world, in fact, Confucius told us with his important life experience that travel is not just a matter for the rich, and happiness is not directly proportional to wealth. Many wonderful experiences in life lie in his own mentality. As long as you have a happy and open-minded attitude and a positive outlook on life and values, you can travel and be happy at any time.

In his later years, Confucius returned from his travels and stopped running around. However, he can still look around the world and enter another quiet and leisurely period, that is, "taking Tao as the purpose, virtue as the basis, benevolence as the basis, and swimming in art" We can imagine that without Confucius' fourteen years of travel, this kind of life experience might not be so profound and intense, and Confucius would not have entered such a peaceful state of mind in his later years, which should be attributed to his travel. Nourishing qi and governing peace, being sage inside and being king outside, are just Confucian practices. Traveling around the world and caring for mountains and rivers is the essence of life and the highest artistic conception of life.

Which of the ancient sages and sages in history is not from Leshan? Fuxi, known as one of the ancient Huang San, created gossip and became the source of wisdom of oriental civilization. Zhu, a great scholar in the Song Dynasty, was only an official for more than 50 days, and spent most of his life writing books and giving lectures in scenic places such as Wuyishan. Seeing a pool of water, he used the metaphor of "asking where the canal is so clear, because there is flowing water at the source" to ask people to be calm; Seeing the ship going upstream in the river, he mechanically uttered a sigh of "if you don't advance, you will retreat". In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Gu Yisheng advocated the practical learning method of "taking the road of Wan Li and reading thousands of books". Inspired by nature, sages and talents can often realize the great wisdom of life.

In modern times, many people participated in the whole world and learned from China and the West. The exotic scenery and folk customs have undoubtedly given them too much inspiration and thinking. This is an exchange of cultural conflicts and collisions based on natural differences, and it is also a beautiful flower of civilization on the great journey of life.

Let go of history and look at today. We should learn the wisdom of life travel from Confucius. In fact, life is an important journey, and with thinking, there is wisdom. Since we are doomed to be unable to stop this life journey from birth, we might as well learn wisdom from Confucius and swim happily on the road of life.

Geographical category of Confucius' global travel

In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were more than 120 vassal states in the Zhou Dynasty. There are extensive kinship, cultural and institutional ties between vassal States and with the Zhou Emperor. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou Emperor existed in name only, and the vassal States actually became completely independent countries, and they frequently engaged in merger wars with each other. By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, there were still more than a dozen vassal states.

Lu was the earliest vassal state in the Zhou Dynasty, and also the home country of Confucius. Qufu was the capital city. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Lu was a big country among the vassal states, and its territory included south-central Shandong and central and western Shandong. After that, Lu gradually weakened, and by the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, it could only be regarded as a medium vassal state. According to historical records, during the period of Confucius, the territory of Lu at least included Qufu, Zhongdu, Yinxian,,, Xiyong, Wucheng and Xie Guocheng. These ancient cities are closely related to Confucius' activities. According to later research, they are all located in Wenshang County, Yanzhou City, Dongping County, Ningyang County, Yuncheng County, Fei Yi County, Wucheng County, Yu Qiu City, Pingyi County and Tai 'an City. It is a vassal state of Lu, in today's Pingyi County.

Confucius traveled around the world with Lu as the origin and traveled to neighboring countries in four directions: southeast and northwest. The countries visited are Song, Chen, Cai and Chu in the southwest of Shandong, Qi in the north, Beijing, Wei, Cao and Zheng in the west and Qi in the east. Confucius traveled around the world and achieved great cultural feats in human history.

Confucius, whose real name is Lu (now Nanxin Town, Qufu City, Shandong Province), was a thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period of China. Be respected by later generations as the teacher of all ages.

In 497 BC, at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the ceremony collapsed. Confucius left Lu because he disagreed with the monarch of Lu at that time and because of his frustration. The sky is boundless, the field is swaying, the ancient road is long, and the servants collect dust. Confucius and his disciples trudged around the world and made unremitting efforts to realize their political ideals. This trip is in the spring and autumn of fourteen years.

Passive leisure city, the first stop around the world

Negative idle city, now 5 kilometers northeast of Yanzhou City, Shandong Province, around Gucheng Village.

According to local records, the ancient town of Yanzhou was the old town site of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, when troops were stationed in Lu. According to historical data, Confucius' first stop around the world should be here.

Leave Qufu, not far from National Highway 327, and you will arrive at Yanzhou Gucheng Village. Stop at the head of the village and look north, imagining Confucius and his disciples going west to defend their country. As the first stop for Confucius to travel around the world, there are too few things to stay and mourn.

Another way of saying it is that Yuncheng was a military stronghold in the western border of Shandong at that time. During the Spring and Autumn Period, it was called Xiqiao Town, or Tundi for short. In a way, this place can also be regarded as the starting point for Confucius to travel around the world.

Confucius left his predecessor, the great commander-in-chief of Lu, and seized the military power. He knows that the army is the lifeblood of the country. Before leaving this country, he made a final inspection of his country's army to show his determination to fight Qi. In the Xiyouyi, Confucius met a musician from Lu. Historical Records was sent by Ji to see Confucius off. He comforted Confucius and said, Master, you are not wrong, which shows your understanding of Confucius. Confucius told him: I want to sing a song to vent my depression. Confucius improvised the famous "Escape Song": "The mouth of the other woman can escape; If a woman is exhausted, she will die. I am worried and idle, and I am dying. "

Why did Confucius leave at that time? What is the will expressed in "Song of the Storm"? Later generations have different interpretations. I read the historical materials, and found that Confucius left, in fact, in order to "remonstrate" lujun, and wanted to be an official. Run away by yourself, warn lujun to stay away from female music, go to court in person, and save Lou.

Confucius did not moan for no reason, but fell deeply in love, and his heart ached. Although Yuncheng has been difficult to find the scene of that year and become the world-famous hometown of Water Margin, it seems that Confucius' piano and singing are still passed down from generation to generation.