Explain what important development China's travel and tourism industry has experienced in history under the background of globalization.

This paper briefly introduces the basic theories and knowledge of China's tourism history and culture, and makes relevant cultural links. Taking China culture, China history, ideology culture, system culture, folk culture, traditional art culture, utensils culture, food culture, landscape culture, historical and cultural media involved in China's tourism history and culture as the main contents, we strive to highlight our learning objectives, enhance our interest, expand our reading, summarize chapters and knowledge points, and consolidate our learned knowledge.

This book pays attention to humanistic education, the cultivation of ability and comprehensive quality, and has strong readability and application. It is not only a good teaching material for tourism major in higher vocational colleges, but also a training material for employees at different levels in tourism industry and related industries to cultivate their comprehensive quality and ability, and it also provides very good cultural popular science books for readers from all walks of life.

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The first chapter China culture 1

Section 1 Cultural Origin 1

I. What is culture 1

Two. Cultural development ii

Three. Culture and tourism 3

The second quarter China traditional culture 4

I. China Culture 4

Second, the connotation of China traditional culture 5

Three. Characteristics of China culture

Section 3 Cultural Differences between China and the West 7

I. The World Significance of China Culture 7

Second, the influence of China culture on western culture 8 pages.

Three. Cultural differences between east and west

Thinking about problems 10

Chapter II History of China 1 1

Section 1 Major Historical Events 1 1

I. Ethnic Integration 1 1

1? Comrade Huang Di 12

2? During the Spring and Autumn Period, the feudal lords competed for hegemony 12.

3? Zhaojun left the fortress 13

4? The Sinicization Reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty 13

5? Princess Wencheng enters Tibet 14

Two. Political reform 15

1? Shang Yang Reform 15

2? Wang Anshi's political reform 15

Three. Thought change 16

1? A hundred schools of thought contend 16

2? To oust a hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone 17

Four. Ancient War 17

1? Chu-Han War 18

2? Battle of Red Cliffs 18

3? Battle of Feishui 19

Verb (abbreviation of verb) foreign exchange 20

1? Zhang Qian to the Western Regions 20

2? Xuanzang's Journey to the West 2 1

3? Jian Zhen Du Dong 22

4? Zheng he's voyage to the west 22

Outstanding historical figures in the second quarter 23

I. Pioneers of Thought 23

1? Laozi 23

2? Confucius 24

3? Sunzi 24

4? Mozi 25

5? Han Feizi 25

Second, the emperors of the past dynasties 26

1? Huangdi 26

2? Qin Shihuang 26

3? Li Shimin 27

4? Zhu Yuanzhang 27

5? Kangxi 28 years

Third, the literary master 29

1? Quyuan 29

2? Sima Qian 29

3? Li Bai 30

4? Du Fu 30

Fourth, scientific and technological talents 3 1

1? Luban 3 1

2? Cai Lun 32

Verb (abbreviation of verb) National hero 33

1? Qi Jiguang 33

2? Zheng Chenggong 34

3? Lin zexu 34

Major scientific and technological achievements in the third quarter 35

I. Astronomy, Calendar, Geography and Medicine 35

1? Astronomical aspects 35

2? Calendar aspect 36

3? Geographical aspects 37

4? Medical aspects 38

Two. Agriculture and handicrafts

1? agriculture

2? Handicraft 4 1

Three or four great inventions

1? Papermaking 42

2? Compass 43

3? Gunpowder 43

4? Print 43

Four. Ancient buildings 44

1? Wan Li Great Wall 44

2? Zhao Zhouqiao 45

3? Forbidden city 45

Thinking 46 Chapter III Ideology and Culture 48

The first section Confucianism 49

I. Confucius and Confucianism 49

1? Confucius, 49 years old

2? The main content of Confucius' theory 49

Second, Confucianism and its development 50 pages

1? Mencius' "benevolent government" and "people-oriented",

On "Good Nature" 50

2? "Three cardinal guides and five permanents" of Han Confucianism 5 1

3? Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties 5 1

4? Modern neo-Confucianism, page 52

Three. Confucian culture and historical sites 52

1? The essence of Confucian culture 52

2? Confucian scenic spots 53

In the second quarter China Taoism 55

First, the ideological origin of Taoism-Lao Tzu and

Taoism 55

Second, the Taoist culture 56

1? A brief history of the establishment and development of Taoism 56 pages

2? Taoist classics and symbols 56

3? Taoist teachings 56

4? Immortals worshipped by Taoism 57

Three. Taoist scenic spots 58

1? Wuyue 58

2? Famous Taoist mountains 59

3? 60 famous Taoist temples

Buddhism in China in the third quarter 60 pages.

I. Introduction to Buddhism 6 1

1? The emergence of Buddhism 6 1

2? The development and spread of Buddhism 6 1

3? The Spread and Development of Buddhism in China

Second, the Buddhist culture 64

1? Buddhist teachings 64

2? Buddhist classics 65

3? Buddhist gods 65

4? Buddhist etiquette and major festivals 67

Three. Buddhist attractions 67

1? Four famous Buddhist mountains 67

2? The famous Buddhist temple 68

Thinking about question 69

Chapter IV Institutional Culture 70

Section 1 Official System 7 1

I official system 7 1

1? Pre-Qin central official system 7 1

2? The central official system in Qin and Han Dynasties 72 pages

3? The central official system in Sui and Tang Dynasties 73 pages

4? The central official system in the Song and Yuan Dynasties on page 73.

5? The official system of Ming and Qing Dynasties on page 74

Second, the official selection system 74 pages

1? The regulating system 74

2? royal hereditary system

3? Military merit system 75

4? Chaju and Conquest 75

5? Jiupin Zhongzheng 76

6? Imperial examination system 76

Iii. official cultural links 77

1? Appointment system

2? Examination system 78

3? Honor and chivalry 79

Section 2 Education System 80

I. The emergence of education 80

Second, the official school 80

1? Central official school 80

2? Local official school 8 1

Third, private schools.

1? The emergence of private schools 83

2? The development of private schools

Fourth, the academy 84

1? The emergence of 84 college

2? The establishment of the academy system 84

3? Formalization of the college system 84

4? The prosperity and destruction of the academy system 85

5? The disappearance and reform of the characteristics of the academy 85

Section 3 Legal System

I. The legal system of slavery 86

1? Xia dynasty legal system 86

2? Shang dynasty legal system 86 pages

3? Western Zhou Dynasty legal system 87 pages

4? The legal system in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period 87

Second, the feudal legal system 88

1? Qin and Han legal system 88 pages

2? The legal system of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties 89 pages

3? Sui and Tang legal system 89 pages

4? Song and Yuan legal system 90 pages

5? Ming and Qing legal system 90 pages

Three. Torture in history 92

1? Wash and dress 92

2? Peeling 92

3? Waist chop 92

4? Dismember 92

5? Lingchi 93

6? Shout 93

7? Please enter urn 93.

8? Complaints and nightclubs 93

Thinking about question 93

Chapter V Folk Culture 95

The first section folk culture 95

I. Overview of Folklore 95

Second, the formation of folk customs 96

Three. Characteristics of folk culture

In the second quarter, clothing culture 98

I. The course and elements of costume culture 98

Second, the characteristics of clothing 99

Iii. Cultural Connotation of Clothing 100

Festival culture in the third quarter 10 1

I. Overview of Festival Culture 10 1

Two. Cultural characteristics and social functions 102

Three. Major festivals in China 102

Section 4 Belief and Taboo Culture 104

I. Belief in national culture 105

Second, taboo folk culture 105

Thinking about problems 108

Chapter VI Traditional Art and Culture 109

Section 1 Traditional Calligraphy Art 109

I. Chinese characters 1 10

Second, the origin of calligraphy 1 1 1

Three. Four Treasures of the Study 1 13

Section 2 Traditional Painting Art 1 13

Section 3 China Traditional Music Art 1 15

I. Music before Sui Dynasty 1 15

2. Sui and Tang Music 1 16

Three. Song Yuanming Music 1 17

Fourth, the Qing Dynasty music and western music.

Incoming call 1 17

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Modern Music 1 18

Section 4 Traditional Dance Art 120

First, the historical development of Chinese traditional dance and

Evolution 12 1

1? Dance in primitive society 12 1

2? Dance in slave society 122

3? Dances in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period 123

4? Dance in Han Dynasty 124

5? Dance in Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 125

6? Dance in Tang Dynasty 125

7? Song Dynasty Dance 126

8? Dance in Ming and Qing Dynasties 127

Second, the minority dance 127

Third, the survival and development of national folk dance.

Development 128

Section 5 China Opera Art 129

I. Yuan Zaju and Nan Opera 129

Second, Ming and Qing operas 13 1

Thinking about problems 132

Chapter VII Cultural Relics 134

Section 1 Ancient Cultural Relics 134

I. Ancient Jade 134

II. Ancient Ceramics 136

Iii. Ancient Bronzes 137

Iv. Ancient coins 138

Section 2 China Arts and Crafts Culture 138

I. Overview of Arts and Crafts in China 138

Second, the characteristics of arts and crafts 139

Three. Classification of handicrafts 140

Thinking about problems 14 1

Chapter 8 Food Culture 142

The first food culture 142

A brief history of cooking 143

1? The Origin of China Cuisine 143

2? The Development of Cooking in China 144

3? China Cuisine Prosperity 145

Second, the diet research object 145

1? Research Contents of Food Culture in China 145

2? The research object of China's food culture 145

3? Classification of Food Culture Research in China 146

Three. Flavor genre and food folklore 146

1? Eight major cuisines 147

2? Folk customs and eating habits 148

3? Snacks 149

Four. Banquet diners 150

1? Characteristic types of banquets 150

2? Food containers 15 1

Section 2 Wine Culture 15 1

I. Wine brewing 15 1

Second, say famous wine 153

III. Famous Wine Evaluation 154

IV. Wine Custom and Wine Ceremony 155

Section 3 Tea Culture 156

I. Formation and Development of Tea Culture in China 156

1? The formation of tea culture 156

2? The Rise of Tea Culture in Tang Dynasty 157

3? The Prosperity of Tea Culture in Song Dynasty 158

4? The heyday of tea drinking 159

5? China tea reappears brilliantly 160.

Second, the connotation of tea culture 162

1? Tea ceremony 162

2? Tea ceremony 164

Iii. Production of Tea and Famous Tea 165

1? Green tea 165

2? Black tea 168

3? Oolong tea 168

4? Yellow tea 170

5? White tea 17 1

6? Black tea 172

7? Processed tea 173

Four. Tea tasting 173

1? Tea quantity 174

2? Water temperature 174

3? Time 175

4? Tea etiquette 175

Verb (abbreviation of verb) teahouse culture 176

1? The Formation and Development of Teahouses 176

2? Modern Teahouses with Different Styles 178

Thinking about problems 183

Chapter 9 Landscape Culture 184

Section 1 Landscape Culture 184

I. Overview 185

Second, the landscape culture * * * 186

1? Landscape worship 186

2? Landscape appreciation 186

3? Landscape science 186

Iii. Attractions 187

1? Mingshan 187

2? Types of water landscape culture 188

Section 2 Architectural Culture 189

I. Overview 189

1? The essence of China ancient architecture 189

2? Basic features of ancient architecture in China 190

Second, urban architecture 19 1

1? Tourist city type 19 1

2? City landmark building 19 1

Three. Palace architecture 192

1? Palace evolution 192

2? Layout and furnishings of the palace 193

3? Example introduction 193

Four. Landscape Architecture 195

1? The Origin and Development of Gardens in China 195

2? Types of Gardens in China 195

3? Characteristics of China Gardens 196

4? Garden element 196

5? Horticultural Technology 197

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Tanmiao Building 197

1? Evolution of Tanmiao 197

2? Main altar temple 198

Vi. Mausoleum Building 199

1? Mausoleum evolution 199

2? Cemetery architecture 199

3? Underground Palace 199

4? 200 funerary objects

5? Mausoleum 200

Seven. Religious architecture 20 1

1? Buddhist architecture 20 1

2? Taoist architecture 203

Eight, residential buildings 203

1? Characteristics of residential form 203

2? Types of modern local houses 204

Nine, bridge construction 204

1? Arch bridge 204

2? Beam bridge 205

3? Other forms of bridges 205

Thinking about question 205

Chapter 10 Historical and Cultural Media 206

The first section of the national language

First, the origin of language and writing

Second, China language 207

Iii. National languages 209

Section 2 Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage 2 10

I. Intangible cultural heritage211

Two. Protection of intangible cultural heritage

It means 2 1 1

Third, the first batch of national intangible materials in China

Cultural Heritage List 2 12

1? Folk literature (* * * 3 1 item) 2 12

2? Folk music (72 items * * *) 2 13

3? National Dance (* * * 4 1 item) 2 15

4? Traditional drama (92 items in total) 2 17

5? Quyi (* * * 46 items) 220

6? Acrobatics and Track and Field (* * 17) 22 1

7? Folk Art (* * * 5 1 item) 222

8? Traditional handicraft skills (89 in total) 223

9? Traditional medicine (9 items) 226

10? Folk customs (70 items in total) 226

Four. World Intangible Cultural Heritage List 228

Thinking about question 229

Reference 23 1 Introduction to Chapter 1 1

Section 1 * * * Relationship and Tourism * * * Relationship 2

First, the meaning of public relations with the tourism public 2

II. Definition of Public-Private Relationship 5