How to judge the general interests of tourism

The problem of income distribution in the development of tourism has become the focus of the whole society.

But so far, there is still a lack of in-depth discussion and fruitful views. The issue of distribution has a strong ethical significance and is related to social justice. Fair distribution is not only a sufficient condition for maximizing social welfare, but also a manifestation of the equality of rights of all stakeholders. However, fair distribution is not egalitarianism, but a share that is consistent with one's own contribution under the condition of equal rights of all parties. From this basic standpoint, it overcomes the defects that the current academic circles are limited to sympathy for the weak and moral criticism when discussing the distribution of tourism income. From a more comprehensive and rational point of view, by constructing a game model, this paper deeply analyzes the process of the three-way dynamic game of "official-business-people" and its final possible equilibrium, which provides a powerful theoretical explanation for various social facts about tourism income distribution that exist objectively in reality.

Conclusion 1: The basis of distributive justice is equality of rights. If there is no reciprocal cooperation and altruism among the government, developers and communities in the development of tourism, neither party can maximize its long-term interests.

Conclusion 2: The distribution of tourism income is influenced by the allocation of exogenous power. The bargaining power of all parties in the game is mainly determined by their political rights, discourse rights and factor property rights. Therefore, when the rights are unequal or the property rights are unclear, the tourism income will be more distributed to the more powerful party.

Conclusion 3: The government's position and governance mode determine the distribution trend of tourism revenue. The stronger the government's self-interest tendency, the more the distribution of tourism income will tilt towards the capital side. At this time, although the economy will perform well in the short term, it will slow down the democratization process in the long run. This is because the inheritance of wealth determines that all classes in the future game will still have the initial endowment of the previous generation, which determines that future capitalists have greater bargaining power than community residents.

Conclusion 4: Under the condition of equal rights, the distribution of tourism income is determined by the scarcity of factors owned by the factor owners in the market. The scarcer the elements, the more benefits the owners get. Because the relative scarcity of resources is dynamic, the expectations of community residents for tourism income are also changing, and there is usually an increasing trend. This will pose a threat to the distribution model reached by all parties in the game at the beginning of development

Conclusion 5: The degree of regional development also has a certain influence on the distribution of tourism income. Local governments are under great financial pressure, and the more eager they are to recover the investment in infrastructure and public services, even if the bargaining power of developers and communities is the same, the tourism revenue will tilt towards the capital side. Therefore, the less developed areas, the stronger the relative deprivation of local residents.

Conclusion 6: The risk tolerance of factor owners will affect their bargaining power, thus affecting the size of their tourism income. Other things being equal, the less risk the factor owners (usually community residents) take, the less tourism income they share.

To sum up, income distribution is the result of bargaining by all parties, which is mainly determined by the rights of factor owners and the resulting bargaining power, as well as the relative replacement cost of factors in the market. Moreover, the income distribution is also influenced by the economic growth mode, government governance mode and residents' awareness of rights in the destination, and it is also related to the life cycle stage of the destination. To discuss distributive justice, we need to consider the specific social environment and reality, and analyze the specific problems. The idea of not suffering from poverty but suffering from inequality will hinder the cultivation of entrepreneurs' innovative spirit and cannot form effective selective incentives. Similarly, sympathy for the weak will hinder the cultivation of contract spirit to a certain extent, so we need to be cautious.

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