God's back garden, Stalin's hometown, and the hometown of wine-Georgia.

Remember the middle school text "Underground Printing Factory in Tbilisi"? This text tells how Stalin and his comrades fought a revolutionary struggle in this hidden underground printing factory under the rule of the czar. I believe this is the first time that most people in China have heard of Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia.

George is located on the Black Sea coast in the Caucasus region of southwest Asia, bordering Russia in the north and Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan in the south. It spans Europe and Asia, but it is usually regarded as a European country because of its cultural influence in Europe. Georgia covers an area of 69,700 square kilometers (including Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which is about half of Anhui Province). Tbilisi, the capital of China, is the national political, economic and cultural center, and also a famous ancient capital in Transcaucasia.

About 2/3 of the whole territory is mountainous and foothills, and the lowlands only account for 13%, most of which are above the altitude of 1000m, belonging to the Caucasus mountainous area. The northern part is the Great Caucasus Mountains, the southern part is the Little Caucasus Mountains, and the central part is the mountainous lowlands, plains and plateaus. The western coastal area is a plain, between which are the Kula Valley and the Leoni Valley Plain. There are many peaks over 4000 meters above sea level in the Great Caucasus Mountains, and Shihala Peak, the highest peak in the territory, is 5068 meters above sea level. The main rivers are Kula River and Rioni River. There are Lake Parawana and Lake Richard.

Georgia is the country of golden fleece in Greek mythology with a long history. Archaeologists discovered the European ancestor fossils 6.5438+0.7 million years ago in Xizhen Town, Demagny, Georgia. Georgian script originated in the 3rd century BC and is one of the oldest 14 scripts in the world. Its creation is inspired by the entanglement of vines.

In the 6th century BC, the kingdom of Korhida was established in present-day Georgia. In the 6th 6- 10/0th century, the Georgian nation was basically formed. At the beginning of the 8th-9th century, feudal principalities such as Kakhzia, Alekin, Tao-kral Ji Zhe and the Kingdom of Abkhazia were established. The kingdom of Georgia was established in 978, and reached its peak in the 1 1 century, and was captured by the Mongolian Empire. /kloc-was annexed by the Russian Empire in the 0/9th century. 192 1 year, the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic was founded, 1922, and joined the Soviet Union. 1991declared independence on April 9. 1993 Join the CIS. On August 8, 2008, the war between Russia and Georgia broke out, and on August 14 of the same year, Georgia decided to leave the CIS. On August 28th, 2008, Russia announced that it recognized the independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. In response, Georgia decided to break diplomatic relations with Russia the next day. On June 25th, 20 10, Georgia demolished the statue of Stalin in the central square of Gori, the hometown of former Soviet leader Stalin, and replaced it with the "Monument to Heroes who died in the War against Russia".

Georgians call themselves "?" (Kartvelebi), calling its territory (Georgia) "? "(Sakartvelo, the pronunciation of Putonghua is close to" Sacatevero "), and it is called its language (Georgian)" (Kartuli, translated as "Kateville"). According to local legend, the ancestor of Georgians is Kartlos (the grandson of the biblical character Japheth).

"Georgia" (? Sakartvelo) consists of two parts: the root "-?" (kartvel-i) refers to the residents of "Kartli-Iberia" in eastern Georgia, which originated from the title of the Eastern Roman Empire; Prefix "?" (sa) is a typical geographical prefix, which means "where to live". Together, the two words are "the place where catale-Iberian residents live", that is, "catale-Iberia".

Georgia has three international translations, in the following order:

(1) transliterated with the names of people (mostly) used in western Europe;

(2) Russian transliteration (a small part);

(3) Georgian phonetic translation of the local language (rarely).

There are three etymological versions of the translated name "Georgia" adopted by countries in Western Europe, Northern Europe, North America, South America and Oceania:

Use the Greek and Latin root "Nong". Greek "γ ε ω ρ γ ο?" (Georgos) is interpreted as "farmer" and Latin "Georgicus" is interpreted as "agriculture".

The name of the Roman warrior St. George.

Taiwan Province authorities transliterated Georgia in English, while the mainland transliterated Georgia in Russian.

Population 4102,000 (estimated in 2020). According to the statistics of 20 14, Georgians account for 86.8% of the total population, and other major ethnic groups are Azerbaijanis 6.2%, Armenians 4.5%, Russians 0.7%, Ossetians, Abkhazians and Greeks.

Georgian is the official language, and most residents are familiar with Russian. Most people believe in the Greek Orthodox Church, and a few believe in Islam.

The administrative divisions of Georgia include two autonomous republics and nine states, which are divided into 62 administrative regions. Among these 62 administrative regions, there are 3 municipalities directly under the central government, and the remaining 59 sub-regions (raion(eb)i), among which Abkhazia and South Ossetia (divided into different regions by the Georgian government) are actually independent countries, but they are still considered by Georgia as their territories.

Traditionally, Georgia is an agricultural country, growing fruits and tea. Among them, Georgian wine has a history of more than 8,000 years.

Since 199 1 the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Georgia has been in transition to a market economy. However, due to unstable internal affairs and frequent civil wars, Georgia's economy has been in recession. In 200 1 year, the poverty rate in Georgia was 54%. Georgia is deeply influenced by the Russian economy. In 2006, Russia announced a ban on importing Georgian wine, which had a great impact on Georgia's economy. At the same time, Russia raised the price of exporting natural gas to Georgia, which triggered a chain price increase in Georgia.

As of 20 14, the unemployment rate in Georgia is 13.7%. Since the beginning of the 20th century, Georgia's economy has developed remarkably. In 2007, Georgia's real GDP growth rate reached 12%, making Georgia one of the fastest growing economies in Eastern Europe. In the World Bank's 20 19 Doing Business Report, its status has been promoted to the sixth place.

There is a story handed down from generation to generation in Georgia: when God distributed land to all ethnic groups, Georgians were late because of drunkenness and deep sleep, and all the land had been distributed. Open-minded and optimistic Georgians are not disappointed. They invited God to drink with others and bless God. God was moved by this and gave his back garden to the Georgians. Therefore, Georgia is called "the back garden of God". There are abundant mountain springs and rivers, fertile soil and beautiful scenery. It is a holiday resort in the Caucasus and a paradise for grape growing.

As an important hub of the ancient Silk Road, the saying that wine originated in Georgia has been widely circulated. Archaeologists found 10 grape seed in the residential site of Shulawell Mountain in 1965, and its age was determined by radiocarbon dating from 6000 BC to 7000 BC. Archaeologists have also discovered grape pits and ceramic fragments contaminated by wine, which have been proved to have a history of more than 8000 years. Some linguists even point out that "Vino, Vin and Wine" in English, French, German and Russian all come from the Georgian word "ywino" in Kartveli.

The pleasant warm wind near the Black Sea on the left, the pleasant climate brought by the Caucasus mountains to the north and south, fertile soil ... Georgia has all the unique conditions suitable for grape growth. Georgia's climate belongs to subtropical island temperate zone, with annual precipitation of 1000-4000mm in the west and 3000mm-600mm in the east, with abundant sunshine in summer and mild winter without frost hazard.

Georgian wine production is mainly concentrated in Kakhki, Katri and Meletti. Kaheji is the most important grape producing area in Georgia, with a wide variety of grapes, and about 70% of the country's wine is produced here. The grapes in Kakh base are famous for their unique taste and aroma. Cartel mainly produces European-style wine, brandy and champagne; Meletti mainly produces wines and brandies with European and Meletti flavors, as well as champagne brewing raw materials accounting for 80% of the national output.

Like French champagne protected by geographical indications in the world, Georgia, as the "birthplace of world wine", currently has 18 geographical indication producing areas protected by international law. Among more than 4,000 grape varieties in the world, there are more than 500 in Georgia. The western part of Georgia still preserves the traditional Maglari pruning method and Qvevri pottery winemaking method, which is one of the intangible cultural heritages in the world. Every family in Georgia will make their own wine, and almost every family has its own vineyard, which is unique in the world. In Georgia, the population related to grapes and wine can reach 40%. Georgians often say, "We only have two kinds of wine-good wine and the best wine."

Geographically, Georgia belongs to West Asia, but culturally, it belongs to Europe, and European architecture and customs can be seen everywhere. The main tourist cities in Georgia are Tbilisi, Kutaisi, Kazbek, Batumi, Mestia, Gori and Zugdidi. Their scenery covers traditional European architecture, snow-capped mountains and grasslands, and the scenery is very beautiful.

# Caucasus # # Georgian wine # # Georgian tourism # # South Ossetia #

The country of fire, the pearl of the Caucasus, Azerbaijan, a country located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

The ins and outs of the Nagorno-Karabakh issue-/kloc-the territorial dispute between Azerbaijan and Armenia since 0/00.

Armenia-the birthplace of wine, the dock of Noah's Ark, the first Christian country.