Basic principles of forest eco-tourism

1. Forest ecotourism is guided by the theories of ecological economy and tourism economy, with protection as the premise, and follows the principle of combining development with protection. While carrying out forest eco-tourism, we should pay attention to protecting the forest ecological environment. 2. Forest eco-tourism planning should be based on forest tourism resources and guided by tourist market, and its construction scale must adapt to the scale of tourists. It is necessary to make full use of the original facilities, build moderately and pay attention to actual results. 3. Forest eco-tourism planning should take forest eco-environment as the main body, highlight natural wild interest and health care functions, adjust measures to local conditions, give play to its own advantages, and form a unique style and local characteristics. 4, unified layout, overall arrangement of construction projects, do a good job in macro-control; The specific implementation of construction projects should focus on the key points, and the implementation should be arranged step by step according to the conditions. 5, forest eco-tourism planning should conform to the current national relevant professional and technical standards and norms. Problems of Forest Eco-tourism in China

The development of eco-tourism not only improves people's interest in going into nature, but also improves the position and share of natural tourism in tourism. At present, the number of eco-tourists in China is nearly 25 million, and the annual tourism income is nearly 654.38+0.2 billion yuan, which has achieved great economic benefits. However, due to the short development time of China's tourism industry, people still lack scientific understanding of the relationship between tourism and the environment, and the concept of "tourism is a smokeless industry" is still popular. Most of the development of forest eco-tourism is still in the primary stage, emphasizing the development of tourism resources while ignoring the impact of tourism itself on the environment and the destruction of resources, which makes China's forest eco-tourism face a series of problems. Eco-environmental problems caused by the construction of tourist transportation and service facilities

In a sense, a tourist is a pollution source. The greater the density of tourist facilities, the greater the possibility of ecological environment being destroyed and polluted. For economic purposes, some natural scenic spots are keen on the construction of hotels and restaurants, blindly expanding tourist areas and building tourist facilities, which makes the spatial distribution of tourists uneven, which leads to the destruction of landscape and ecology, which violates the development principle of eco-tourism to protect the natural state to the greatest extent and leads to the degradation of tourism resources. With the rise of ecotourism in nature reserves, the fragile ecosystem of nature reserves has also been dealt a fatal blow. Taking the Yangtze River as an example, a large number of tourist facilities have been built in the upper reaches, resulting in the deforestation of virgin forests and natural ecological forests, the reduction of coverage, landslides, soil erosion and serious river pollution, which have affected the water quality in the lower reaches, and it is difficult for tourists to see the beautiful scenery of "beautiful mountains and clear waters" and "rippling blue waves".

Eco-environmental problems caused by uneven distribution of tourists in time and space

Affected by climate, holidays and other reasons, tourists have the characteristics of seasonal fluctuations. For example, 89.92% of the passenger flow from Huangshan 1992 to 1997 is in the peak season (4- 10), and only 1 and 65438+February are in the off season (1~ March). The passenger flow in the extremely prosperous month (May) (17.73%) is 46.66 times that in the extremely light month (65438+1October) (0.38%). Due to the uneven distribution of tourists in time and space and the bad behavior of tourists, the ecological environment problems are highlighted in the following aspects:

First, with the increase of tourists, the frequent and concentrated distribution of tourism activities will inevitably lead to changes in some material and ecological resources, especially because the bad behavior of tourists will affect the regeneration ability of trees and even cause death;

Secondly, the food abandoned by tourists in scenic spots during the tourist season improves the living environment of animals, encourages them to eat carefree and speeds up their reproduction. In the off-season, because of the decrease of tourists, animals that cannot survive by tourists abandoning food have to eat bark, which is harmful to plants.

Thirdly, because the width of the tourist trail can't meet the needs of tourists during the overload period, a large number of tourists trample on the ground on both sides of the trail, which not only affects the soil structure and soil development, but also reduces the moisture permeability of the soil, thus aggravating the speed of soil erosion. The environmental pollution in scenic spots is serious.

Because of China's large population, rapid development of tourism and lack of planning and management, people's ecological awareness is poor. It can be said that wherever they go, ecological damage and environmental pollution will follow, and the domestic sewage in scenic spots will increase, and the waste residue and waste will increase sharply. For example, Qiandao Lake National Forest Park receives 3,045,600 tons of domestic sewage every year; Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue, as the unique scenery of the Five Mountains, has about 6,000 tons of wheelie bins, 2,000 tons of tourist garbage and 250,000 tons of sewage every year. The coliform bacteria in the water in the living area exceeded the standard 15 times, and the total number of bacteria exceeded the standard by 22 times. However, there are more than 200 million firecrackers set off in the scenic spot every year. Even in the Himalayas, there are all kinds of rubbish, and the tourism department has to spend huge sums of money to deal with them. Wait, the list goes on.

Professional tourism talents are scarce and the service quality is not high.

The training of tourism talents is not taken seriously, the training mechanism is not perfect, and talents are scarce. Without talents in management and operation, as well as scientific knowledge and skills, it is difficult to carry out real ecotourism. Because the people engaged in forest tourism are mainly people from forestry bureaus, farms and stations, and they start late, which leads to the lack of professional tourism talents. In June, 2000, the Forestry Department of Gansu Province organized the first forest park tour guide training course. Of the 49 participants, only 5 held tour guide certificates, less than 10%, and their overall quality was not high. So far, some forest parks do not have full-time tour guides, and the arrival of tourists is only a simple symbolic introduction, which makes the tourist attractions unable to arouse the interest of tourists and makes them feel that they are on a whim and disappointed. The rest of the employees' overall service awareness is not strong, the service quality is not high, and the phenomenon of breaking the contract and deceiving tourists occurs from time to time.

It can be seen that the development of tourism and environmental protection are contradictory. We must attach great importance to the practice of putting ecological consumption first and making profits at the expense of ecological resources. Getting out of the misunderstanding of eco-tourism has become the first problem to be solved in developing eco-tourism in China. Countermeasures for sustainable development of forest eco-tourism

On May 23rd, 1998, Guangming Daily published a signed article entitled "Will Eco-tourism Destroy Ecology?" The article quoted a survey provided by the National Committee of Man and Biosphere of China, which showed that "22% of nature reserves in China were destroyed by eco-tourism, and1%of environmental resources were degraded". The sustainable development of forest eco-tourism should be a tourism model that is in harmony with the natural environment without sacrificing the environment. It is necessary to grasp a moderate development speed, control the number of tourists and enhance environmental awareness. Otherwise, too many tourists will put too much pressure on the environment of the destination and destroy the environment on which eco-tourism depends, and eco-tourism will not be sustainable.

Establish a new idea of sustainable utilization of resources

Strengthen ecological culture construction and ecological education.

Sustainable utilization is a brand-new view of nature and world, which advocates harmonious coexistence between man and nature, fair distribution of resources, and sustainable economic growth on the basis of protecting natural ecosystems. Development and protection are integrated, protection is the premise of development, and development is the further development of protection. Resources and environment are the foundation and material carrier of development, social culture is the spiritual connotation of resources, and economy is the driving force of protection. These three are the unity that complement each other. We must establish this new thinking, insist on paying equal attention to the development, utilization and protection of resources, and incorporate the development, utilization, value-added and protection objectives of environment and resources into the development plan of forest eco-tourism and make unified accounting. Through comprehensive development, promote industrial development, improve the ecological environment, and make the three benefits of green enterprises grow simultaneously. At the same time, the development of forest eco-tourism must be combined with publicity and education. Make full use of the vivid university of tourism to make the whole process of eco-tourism become the whole process of ecological education and ecological moral education, so that tourists can arouse green passion, green pleasure and green thinking in nature, experience the harmony and order of nature, and experience the traditional culture of "harmony between man and nature" to achieve the purpose of loving nature, learning from nature and enlightening life. Ecological education should also make tourism "stakeholders", such as developers and residents in scenic spots, realize the importance of environment to tourism and make them understand that eco-tourism resources and environment are the basis for them to obtain economic benefits.

Formulate laws and regulations and strengthen the concept of legal system

In view of the special impact and cumulative damage of tourism as an industry on the environment, eco-tourism must be guaranteed by practical laws and regulations, and "promoting tourism by law" and "traveling by law" are the only way for the long-term healthy development of tourism. Therefore, governments at all levels and competent departments should formulate reasonable policies, strengthen industry management, introduce corresponding laws and regulations as soon as possible, and improve the relevant systems of forest eco-tourism industry. The government must use legislation to strengthen the protection of forest resources, strengthen the protection of forest ecosystem, strengthen the guidance and management of forest eco-tourism resources development, manage and protect according to law, and take the road of sustainable development. At the same time, give full play to law enforcement agencies (such as quality inspection offices) to manage and supervise the tourism industry according to law. And through legal leverage to rectify the market order, and gradually establish a unified and standardized service standard and perfect competition rules in the tourism market. Through these management regulations, all parties in the tourism industry have laws to follow and rules to follow, thus achieving the goal of standardizing the tourism market.

Strengthen the management of forest eco-tourism and protect the environment of scenic spots

First of all, it is an important measure to ensure the sustainable development of eco-tourism to effectively protect the ecological environment and strengthen the management of forest eco-tourism in forest eco-tourism areas. The nature reserves in China should be divided into two parts: non-tourist areas and tourist areas. A few national and world-class nature reserves with important influence should be divided into non-tourist areas, and any commercial tourism is prohibited to protect their natural landscape and biodiversity. In the nature reserves where tourism is allowed, we should adopt the concentric utilization model and divide the nature reserves into core reserves, recreation buffer zones and intensive recreation zones from the inside out. According to different tourist areas, environmental capacity can be determined and passenger flow can be controlled. The contradiction between environmental protection and economic income can be balanced by raising the ticket price. Secondly, to control pollution, non-fossil energy such as solar energy, biogas and cold energy should be widely used in forest eco-tourism areas, with degradable materials as the main daily necessities. In addition to meeting the basic accommodation needs of tourists, we should also reduce the consumption demand of luxury goods such as air conditioners, cars and restaurants as much as possible, and adopt ecological engineering technology to treat domestic sewage and garbage to realize the recycling of materials.

Unified planning and orderly development

China has joined the WTO, and the tourism industry will be fully integrated into the development of the world tourism industry and participate in the competition fairly. In order to make forest eco-tourism really serve the forest eco-tourism area and its surrounding communities, eco-tourism certification must be carried out. The particularity of forest eco-tourism development requires an objective, fair and comprehensive investigation and evaluation by an evaluation institution composed of experts and scholars from all aspects (including tourism geography experts, economists, market analysts, legal consultants, etc.). ), and on this basis, complete the feasibility study and report it to the government. The government will consider whether to develop eco-tourism from the overall situation. Resolutely stop rushing headlong into action and irregular development. Carry out the idea of resources and environmental protection, and do a good job in tourism development planning. Forest eco-tourism planning is an important basic work for developing forest eco-tourism. Scientific planning should incorporate the planning of tourist areas and tourism projects into the overall planning of social and economic development, and make unified arrangements and scientific actions. Planning and design should take forest ecology as the main line, develop and deepen the connotation of forest eco-tourism, at the same time, planning and design should be creative, realize the differentiation of tourism products, and tourism projects should be innovative and attractive. In the planning and design, we should reflect people's pursuit and desire to return to nature, strengthen supporting construction, equip with corresponding service facilities such as eating, living, traveling, shopping and entertainment, and actively develop forest eco-tourism projects and products. In places with good natural ecological environment, it is necessary to make full use of the unique conditions, make overall plans, make key arrangements and carefully design, and build them into typical areas and boutique areas of forest ecotourism, and explore feasible management and development models for developing forest ecotourism.

Cultivate and introduce talents

The key to the healthy development of forest eco-tourism is the quality of talents and tourism. Therefore, it is very important to introduce, train and improve talents. Forest eco-tourism involves forestry, tourism, environmental protection, biology, geography, history and many other disciplines. Scientific planning and management and the development of high-grade and high-grade forest eco-tourism projects and products require a group of talents in environmental protection, management, tourism and service. To achieve high-quality service in line with international standards and improve comprehensive benefits, a large number of professional and technical personnel must match it. Therefore, efforts should be made to train professionals and improve service facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up the cultivation and introduction of talents. On the one hand, it can absorb professional and technical talents with high comprehensive quality to expand the team; On the other hand, we can adopt the methods of "please come in and go out" and "combining inside and outside, combining length with length", strengthen the training and rotation training of on-the-job personnel, implement high-quality standardized management, and improve the quality of employees and service.

Launch eco-tourism products and strengthen tourists' education

Eco-tourism is a kind of high-level tourism, which requires tourists to have a high level of appreciation and a strong awareness of environmental protection. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of natural resources and environmental protection, stipulate the allowed business behavior in the process of tourism, and coordinate its tourism behavior with resources and environment, which is conducive to environmental optimization, biodiversity development and cultural protection. We should carry out ecological consciousness and develop eco-tourism products. Such as catering combined with local products, mainly regional products, especially local green food. Accommodation facilities are in harmony with the surrounding environment and have local characteristics. Conditional places can use local materials, such as building a "tree hotel". In the scenic area, modern means of transportation should be restricted as much as possible, while primitive means of transportation, such as walking, carriages, bicycles and vehicles using natural energy (wind, water, etc.). ), which not only embodies the natural characteristics of eco-tourism activities, but also avoids the pollution to the ecological environment. Shopping advocates buying local products that do not affect local nature. According to the principle of marketization, we should develop forest landscape resources, formulate the development strategy of forest eco-tourism products, adjust the product structure of forest eco-tourism, change the situation of single product structure of sightseeing tourism, and enrich the content of forest eco-tourism activities.

To sum up, with the participation and support of the government, the extensive support of the public, and an effective management system and legal guarantee, forest eco-tourism will certainly develop healthily and will be valued by more and more countries in the world.