Study the development model of leisure farms and explore two new trends in the future

From abroad, leisure farms first appeared in Europe and have a development history of more than 100 years. In 1855, Parisian aristocrats had the habit of going to the countryside for vacation. In 1865, Italy established the "Agricultural and Tourism Association". By the 1960s, Spanish leisure farms were developing rapidly, and a number of farms emerged that provided tourists with mountaineering, horseback riding, hiking, boating, and farming experience leisure services. They also provided agricultural knowledge and skills training services, creating a global precedent for leisure agriculture. After that, leisure farms with similar service contents appeared in other European countries, the United States and Japan. Generally speaking, foreign leisure farms mainly have the following development models.

Japanese model: Japanese urban farms mainly provide tourists with farming-style leisure experience services. Tourists can engage in agricultural activities such as rice transplanting, harvesting, grazing, milking, and fishing on the farm. They are very popular among urban residents. A considerable number of tourists have developed.

Korean model: Korean farms mainly appear in areas around some big cities, mainly "tourist farms" and "weekend farms", providing tourists with catering, accommodation, farming experience, leisure and entertainment, etc. kind of service. The Korean government provides financial and policy support for leisure farms, forming a large-scale agricultural tourism economy.

American model: American leisure farms mainly use the vast land space and rich natural resources in the suburbs to open camping, fishing, horseback riding and other leisure and entertainment services. At the same time, they use family farms to develop special leisure tourism projects. Every year More than 20 million tourists visited.

French model: France has established a leisure agriculture industry association to provide food, sightseeing, wine tasting and other leisure and entertainment activities in rural areas and farms around the city. The annual output value of the leisure agriculture economy exceeds 70 billion francs.

German model: There are a large number of "holiday farms" scattered around German cities and in the outer suburbs, which mainly provide farm vacation services for urban residents. Here, tourists can not only experience farm life, but also have close contact with people in nature and appreciate the countryside. Unique pastoral scenery. More than 1/2 of the tourists stay for more than 1 week at a time, and more than 60% of the tourists visit the leisure farm 2-3 times a year.

With the continuous development of society and economy, my country's rural tourism market has gradually formed and grown rapidly. The number and scale of leisure farms have also expanded significantly, and the following common development models have formed.

Beijing model: The Beijing model mainly meets residents’ needs for leisure and vacation through more comfortable leisure and vacation environments and places, leisure and entertainment activities with cultural connotations, and educational leisure agricultural experiences. . In the 1990s, the Beijing Chaoyang Government proposed the “Agricultural Development Strategy” to clearly develop urban agriculture. In 1996, Beijing included tourism agriculture into the city's six key agricultural development industries. At present, the more representative leisure farms in Beijing include "Xiaotangshan Modern Ecological Agriculture Sightseeing Park", "Splendid China Agricultural Science and Technology Exhibition Hall", "Pangezhuang Watermelon Picking Garden", "Miaofengshan Cherry Orchard", etc. The agricultural park mainly provides tourists with agricultural sightseeing, farming experience and other leisure and entertainment projects. In addition, Beijing has also built folk cultural tourism villages such as Yaoqiaoyu Village in Miyun, Shentangyu Village in Huairou, and Bodhisattva Deer Village in Changping, providing tourists with one-stop leisure tourism services such as accommodation, food, sightseeing, and entertainment.

Shanghai model: Shanghai attracts urban residents to visit, experience, shop and play through leisure farms and tourist farms. At present, the more representative leisure farms in Shanghai include: Pudong Sunqiao Modern Agricultural Park, which mainly provides agricultural science and technology exhibitions, orchard picking experience, sightseeing tours and other services; Chongming Island Green Agricultural Ecological Park, which mainly provides farming experience, sightseeing, farm entertainment, etc. Service content; Kangdeng Garden Garden and Chinese Flower Training Base focus on flowers, providing gardening, viewing, and leisure travel; Songjiang Vegetable Garden provides pastoral landscape tours and green vegetable sales, attracting a large number of tourists.

Guangzhou model: With the theme of participation, experience, and procurement, activities such as picking, tasting, and sightseeing are carried out based on agricultural, forestry, fruit and other leisure agricultural resources. Since the 1990s, the Guangzhou Municipal Government has formulated a number of policies and documents to encourage and support the development of leisure farms. The more representative leisure farms include the following categories: Chencun Flower World in Shunde offers agricultural sightseeing and leisure tourism with flowers as the main body; Panyu’s Million Sunflower Garden mainly provides agricultural sightseeing, leisure and picking entertainment projects; Conghua’s The Agricultural Grand View Garden is a modern agricultural comprehensive sightseeing and leisure tourism project. In addition, Panyu Hengchang Holiday Farm provides tourists with accommodation, food, sightseeing, and leisure travel projects.

Chengdu’s “Farmhouse” model: Chengdu’s “Farmhouse” mainly develops leisure farms based on humanities and natural resources in rural areas around the city, and mainly provides weekend leisure and vacation services for urban residents.

The more representative ones include: Nongke Village in Youai Township, Pixian County, which develops sightseeing and leisure tourism projects based on local flower, bonsai, and seedling production resources; orchard leisure farms, such as the peach orchard and pear orchard in Longquanyi Shufang Village, provide picking services for tourists , sightseeing and fruit sales services; natural scenic area hotel type, such as country hotels developed in villages in Dujiangyan, Qingcheng Mountain and other scenic areas.

my country’s leisure farms integrate foreign leisure farms, theme parks, campsites, gardens, micro-resorts and other business formats, and are a unique industry in my country. With the continuous advancement of quality education and the increasingly serious problem of population aging, farm-based integrated education and elderly care will become a new development trend.

1 Agriculture + Education

A large number of practices have proved that the development and construction of agricultural science popularization education and research bases is an important way to strengthen my country’s agricultural science popularization education and quality education of primary and secondary school students. It is also increasingly favored by primary and secondary schools. Relevant departments attach great importance to it and are favored by family groups for parent-child travel. Therefore, "agriculture + education" is the development trend of leisure farms in the future. The agricultural science popularization education base is a leisure agricultural base that uses agricultural production, ecological environment, animals, plants, rural life culture and other resources to design experience activities, and completes the popularization of agricultural science, technology and knowledge in a leisure form and with a relaxed attitude. It mainly serves children, young students and urban tourists who are interested in agricultural knowledge and scientific and natural knowledge, taking into account the dual functions of knowledge dissemination and leisure and entertainment. Popular science education theme leisure farms can generally be divided into moral education and local education categories, culture and art display categories, animal and plant awareness display categories, quality development categories, etc. according to the different educational themes of their internal scenic spots. With moral education and rural cultural education as the theme, such as rural history and culture, ancient agricultural machinery and equipment display, specialty product display, agricultural operations, environmental protection, cultural education, hiking, team adventure, etc. Taking local culture and art education as the theme. Such as art works exhibition, flower arrangement, embossing, weaving, pottery, root carving, exotic stone, melon and fruit carving, ornamental fish tank design, residential design and decoration, etc. The theme is biological cognition and skills training education, including cognition of various animals and plants and outdoor expansion training.

2 Agriculture + Elderly Care

With the aging of the population structure, the improvement of residents’ consumption levels, environmental pollution, food safety and other increasingly prominent issues, as well as the successive introduction of relevant national policies, “agriculture "+Elderly Care" will become a new agricultural business model and development direction. "Kangyang Farm" will focus on health and leisure and vacation, and develop functions such as leisure agriculture, health and entertainment, medical services, and health and vacation. First of all, according to the needs of the elderly, the housing is planned to be relatively flexible vacation homes, equipped with the living facilities required by the elderly, and rented out regularly or irregularly to the elderly in the city who want to maintain health and take vacations. Secondly, we provide cultivated land rental experience, reserve part of agricultural land, rent cultivated land according to demand, and provide technical guidance services to the elderly who need farming. Thirdly, activities such as visits and fruit picking are carried out, and various cultural activities are held. In addition, health-preserving recipes can also be specified for the elderly in need according to their specific conditions.

Authors丨Liu Zhihua, Tian Yihui, Guan Haiyan

China Agricultural University Agricultural Planning Comprehensive Service Platform

China Agricultural University Agricultural Planning and Design Institute