Details of Poyang Lake

Poyang Lake

1. Geographical location

Poyang Lake is located at 28°22′ to 29°45′ north latitude and 115°47′ to 116°45 east longitude. '. It is located in the north of Jiangxi Province, on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Poyang Lake is bounded by Songmen Mountain and divided into two parts: north and south. The north is the waterway into the river, which is 40 kilometers long, 3 to 5 kilometers wide, and the narrowest point is about 2.8 kilometers; the south is the main lake body, 133 kilometers long, and the widest point. up to 74 kilometers.

2. The largest freshwater lake in China

Poyang Lake is 173 kilometers long from north to south, 74 kilometers wide at its widest point from east to west, with an average width of 16.9 kilometers, and a shoreline of 1,200 kilometers. The lake area 3283 square kilometers (Hukou water level is 21.71 meters), the average water depth is 8.4 meters, the deepest is about 25.1 meters, and the volume is about 27.6 billion cubic meters. It is the largest freshwater lake in my country. It accommodates five major rivers: Ganjiang, Fuhe, Xinjiang, Raohe and Xiuhe. After regulation and storage, it flows from the mouth of the lake into the Yangtze River, the largest river in my country. The amount of water flowing into the Yangtze River every year exceeds the combined water volume of the three rivers of the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and Hainan River. It is a seasonal, throughput-type lake. The basin area of ??Poyang Lake system is 162,200 km2, accounting for approximately 97% of the basin area of ??Jiangxi Province and 9% of the Yangtze River basin area: its average annual runoff is 152.5 billion cubic meters, accounting for approximately 16.3% of the average annual runoff of the Yangtze River basin. .

3. The natural landscape of "a line of dry water, a line of floods"

The average water level of Poyang Lake for many years is 12.86 meters, with the highest water level being 22.59 meters on July 31, 1998, and the lowest water level being 22.59 meters on July 31, 1998. The water level was 5.90 meters on February 6, 1963 (Hukou Hydrological Station, Wusong base level). During the year, the water level ranged from 9.79 to 15.36 meters, and the absolute water level range reached 16.69 meters. As the water volume changes, the water level of Poyang Lake rises and falls greatly, which has the function of natural flood regulation and storage. Because the water level changes greatly, the lake area also changes greatly. During the flood season, the water level rises, the lake surface increases sharply, and the water surface is vast; during the dry season, the water level drops, the beaches are exposed, the water flows back into the trough, and only a few winding waterways remain on the lake surface. It has a natural landscape of "a line of dry water and a line of flood water".

IV. Historical evolution

In ancient times, Poyang Lake had many names such as Pengli Lake, Penglize, Pengze, Penghu, Yanglan, and Gongting Lake. Among them, Pengli is a very ancient name for Zesou. The article "Pengze of Yuzhang County" in "Hanshu Geography" states: "Penglize is in the west." There is another saying: "Peng means big, Li means gourd and gourd." It describes Poyang Lake as being like a big gourd. After a long historical period, due to the long-term development of geology, meteorology, hydrology, etc., Penglize expanded southward, and the lake crossed Songmen Mountain and reached near Boyang County, so it was renamed Poyang Lake. Before the lake invaded southward, the south of Songmen Mountain was originally the densely populated Xiaoyang Plain. As the lake continued to invade southward, Xiaoyang County and Haihun County in the Poyang Lake Basin were successively submerged in the water. There was a "sink" in history. There is a saying that when the owl sun rises, Duchang rises, and when the sea sinks, Wucheng rises. Poyang Lake, with its vast misty waves and vast waters, has undergone a long evolution and formed the prototype of modern Poyang Lake about 1,600 years ago. It is like a huge treasure gourd tied to the belt of the Yangtze River.

5. Wetland of International Importance

Poyang Lake is an internationally important wetland and an important storage lake in the main stream of the Yangtze River. It plays a huge role in regulating floods and protecting the Yangtze River Basin in China. Biodiversity and other special ecological functions are one of the top ten ecological function reserves in my country and one of the globally important ecological areas designated by the World Wildlife Fund. They play an important role in maintaining regional and national ecological security

6. "White Crane World" and "Rare Bird Kingdom"

Due to the influence of the warm and humid southeast monsoon, the average annual rainfall of Poyang Lake is 1,636 mm, resulting in "the country's green grass and yellow plum blossoms in the misty rain" It has a humid monsoon climate and has become a famous land of plenty. The environment and climate conditions here are suitable for migratory birds to overwinter. Therefore, in late autumn and early winter (October) every year, thousands of migratory birds fly in from Siberia, Mongolia, Japan, North Korea, Northeast China, Northwest China and other places, until The following spring (April) gradually left. Today, there are more than 300 species of birds in the reserve, nearly one million, including more than 50 species of rare birds. It is the largest bird sanctuary in the world. What is particularly gratifying is that the largest group of white cranes in the world has been discovered here. In 2002, the total wintering population reached more than 4,000, accounting for more than 95% of the total number of white cranes in the world. Therefore, Poyang Lake is known as the "White Crane World" and the "Kingdom of Rare Birds".

7. Humanities and History

The Poyang Lake Basin has been a relatively developed and wealthy area in my country since ancient times. Many outstanding figures in our country’s history such as Xu Zhi, Tao Yuanming, Lin Shihong, Liu Shu, Hong Shi, Jiang Wanli, Zhu Da and others once lived in the lake area. Many mighty and heroic deeds have occurred here, such as Zhou Yu's naval training, Zhu Yuanzhang and Chen Youliang's Poyang Lake water battle, Li Liejun launching the "Second Revolution" in Hukou, etc. Poyang Lake was the only waterway into Jiangxi from the north in ancient times. There are countless literati anecdotes and folklore that happened on Poyang Lake. Wang Bo, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a famous line in "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion": "The fishing boat sings late and rings on the shore of Pengli", which describes the joyful scene of the fishermen returning from fishing on Poyang Lake. Su Shi, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Li Sixun's Painting of the Islands on the Yangtze River" that "the mountains are green, the water is vast, in the middle of the Big Aunt and Little Aunt River", describing the scenic beauty of Poyang Lake.

Poyang Lake is full of famous mountains and beautiful islets. Shizhong Mountain and Dagushan in Hukou County, Nanshan and Laoye Temple in Duchang County, and Luoxingdun in Xingzi County are picturesque and pleasant. The Jiujiang Municipal Tourism Bureau has connected various scenic spots on Poyang Lake through cruise ships into a line, the Poyang Lake Water Tourism Line.

8. Economic Overview

Since the 1950s, Poyang Lake has replaced Dongting Lake as the largest freshwater lake in China. It is one of the main freshwater fishery bases in China. There are more than 90 species of fish, including carp, bighead carp, crucian carp, bream, bream, mandarin fish, catfish, mackerel, etc. The most famous are shad and whitebait. In recent years, lakeside reclamation has been carried out. Along the lake, water chestnut, gordon, lotus, lotus root, reed, etc. are abundant. Wild birds include eagles, geese, swans, bustards, gulls, herons, etc. In addition, minks, beavers, muskrats, bullfrogs, hairy crabs, and pearl oysters have been introduced. On the lakes in Yongxiu, Xinjian and Xingzi areas, red-crowned cranes, swans and other rare birds often live in winter. In order to protect migratory birds, the Poyang Lake Nature Reserve was established in 1983 and designated as a national nature reserve in 1988.

The Gan, Xin, Xiu, Fu and Po rivers merge into the Yangtze River through Poyang Lake. Among them, the Ganjiang River waterway is the most important. In ancient times, it was the Wuling River from north to south leading to the middle and lower Yangtze River

Travel around the water transport routes.

The Poyang Lake Plain is one of the important commercial grain bases in the country. Important cities include Nanchang, Jiujiang, Jingdezhen, Linchuan, etc.

The "Devil's Triangle" of Poyang Lake.

On April 16, 1945, the 2,000-ton Japanese transport ship "Kobe Maru" suddenly disappeared silently (sinked to the bottom of the lake) while sailing to the waters of Laoye Temple in the northwest of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province. There were more than 200 people on board. No one escaped. Afterwards, the Japanese Navy sent people to sneak into the lake for reconnaissance. Except for Yamashita Teaki, all the people who went into the water disappeared mysteriously. After Yamashita Tesho took off his diving suit, he became frightened and then went insane.

After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the famous American diving expert Edward Ball and his party came to Poyang Lake. After several months of salvage, they still found nothing. Except for Edward Ball, several American divers disappeared here again. .

Poyang Lake receives water from the five rivers of Gan, Fu, Xin, Rao and Xiu, and connects to the Yangtze River, the largest river in my country, below. Under normal water levels, Poyang Lake covers an area of ??3,914 square kilometers and has a volume of 30 billion cubic meters. The amount of water flowing into the Yangtze River every year exceeds the total amount of water in the three rivers of the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and Hainan River. Poyang Lake has a water surface of about 200,000 hectares in Jiujiang, and its basin covers six counties (districts) including Duchang, Hukou, Xingzi, Yongxiu, De'an and Lushan District. It is a pearl in northern Jiangxi.

Poyang Lake has had many names such as Pengze, Penghu, and Guanting Lake in ancient times. In the long historical period, it has evolved from scratch, from small to large. As far back as the "Proterozoic" period of geological history, the lake area was part of the "Yangtze Trough". During the Yanshan Movement about 8.9 billion years ago, the crust of the lake area was faulted to form the cone of the Poyang Lake Basin. During the legendary Huangdi period, "Peng Cize" expanded southward, and the lake reached today's Poyang Lake. Before Peng Zizeze's large-scale southward invasion, the low-lying Poyang Basin was originally a densely populated town. As the lake continued to invade southward, Poyang County and Haihun County in the Poyang Lake Basin were successively flooded into the lake, while Haihun County was located in the Poyang Lake Basin. Wucheng, which is adjacent to a higher place, has become increasingly prosperous and has become one of the four major ancient towns in Jiangxi. Therefore, there was a saying in history that "it flooded Haihun County and left Wucheng Town".

Poyang Lake, with its vast misty waves and vast waters, has formed a shape that is wide in the south and narrow in the north after a long period of geological evolution, just like a huge treasure gourd tied to the belt of the Yangtze River. Due to the influence of the southeast monsoon carrying a large amount of water vapor, the annual rainfall in Poyang Lake is more than 1,000 mm, forming a humid monsoon climate of "the country is green with green grass and yellow plums in the misty rain", and has become a famous land of fish and rice.

The Poyang Lake Basin has been a relatively developed and wealthy area in my country since ancient times. Many outstanding figures in Chinese history such as Xu Zhi, Tao Yuanming, Lin Shihong, Liu Shu, Hong Shi, Jiang Wanli, Zhu Da, etc. are all in the lake area. Birth and growth. Many mighty and heroic deeds have occurred here, such as Zhou Yu's naval training, Zhu Yuanzhang and Chen Youliang's water battle on Poyang Lake, the Taiping Army's "Great Victory at Lake Day", Li Liejun launching the "Second Revolution" in Hukou, etc. Poyang Lake was the only waterway into Jiangxi from the north in ancient times. There are countless literati anecdotes and folklore that happened on Poyang Lake. Wang Bo, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, wrote a famous sentence in "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng": "The fishing boats sing late and ring at the shore of Pengli", which describes the joyful scene of the fishermen returning from fishing on Poyang Lake. Su Shi, a poet of the Song Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Li Sixun's Painting of the Islands on the Yangtze River" that "the mountains are green, the water is vast, in the middle of the Big Aunt and Little Aunt River", describing the scenic scenery of Poyang Lake.

Poyang Lake is full of famous mountains and beautiful islets. Shizhong Mountain and Dagushan in Hukou County, Nanshan and Laoye Temple in Duchang County, and Luoxing Lake in Xingzi County are picturesque and pleasant. The Jiujiang Municipal Tourism Bureau has connected various scenic spots on Poyang Lake through cruise ships into a line, the Poyang Lake Water Tourism Line.

Poyang Lake, a beautiful lake, a mythical lake, a lake full of poetry and painting, looks like a girl with light makeup, smiling affectionately to welcome every visitor to Fanyang Lake.

Luoxing Stone is located in Xingzi County, Jiujiang City, close to Zhou Yu’s Dianjiang Platform. The Luo Xing Stone is commonly known as the Luo Xing Pier. It is several feet long and horizontal, shaped like a star. The water in Poyang Lake rises and falls, but this stone does not disappear in the water. According to legend, this stone is a fallen star, from which the name of Xingzi County comes.

Dagushan was called "Dushi" in the Six Dynasties, and because it was shaped like a shoe, it was also commonly known as "Shoe Mountain". It is located in Poyang Lake south of Hukou County, Jiujiang City. It is said that in ancient times, a young fisherman named Hu Mingchun found a box in Poyang Lake with a pearl inside, and he returned home happily. There was a girl in green clothes on the road, crying sadly. When asked why, she said that she had lost her pearl. The fisherman Hu Chun immediately returned it, and the girl thanked her and left. One day, when the fisherman was fishing, he suddenly encountered a violent storm, and the sky was dark for a moment. At the critical moment, a girl in green, holding a pearl in her hand, guided the fisherman and turned the danger into safety. This girl is a jade girl from Yaochi, named Dagu. Because she violated the rules of heaven, she was demoted to Poyang Lake and lived alone among the blue waves. The two became a couple out of love. The fisherman Shengtai saw his aunt's beauty, which looked like a flower, and suddenly had evil thoughts, but he couldn't succeed. On the other hand, the Jade Emperor knew that the aunt and Hu Chun were married, so he sent heavenly soldiers and generals to capture the aunt. Yuba Shengtai also took the opportunity to harm Hu Chun. When the aunt was kidnapped in the air, she saw that Hu Chun was injured by Sheng Tai and wanted to kill him. The eldest aunt had no choice but to kick off her shoes and turn them into cliffs, suppressing Shengtai at the bottom of the lake. This shoe becomes a mountain, so Dagushan is actually Dagushan. Dagushan is surrounded by cliffs on three sides, standing in the middle stream, with a circumference of 500 meters. There is only a stone cave in the northwest corner where boats can be parked. The original Tianhou Palace, Dressing Table, etc. were built on the mountain, but they have been destroyed. Climbing the mountain and looking into the distance, you will see clear water all around, white sails and infinite blue sky, which is full of poetic and picturesque scenery. Zhou Yu Dianjiangtai is located on the bank of Poyang Lake in Xingzi County, Jiujiang City. It is said that during the Three Kingdoms period, Zhou Yu, the governor of Eastern Wu, guarded Chaisang (today's Jiujiang City). This was the place where the generals commanded the navy for training. The platform is about 7 meters high. It is built of granite, with a doorway below the platform and a double-story wooden tower with eaves on the platform. Poyang Lake Migratory Bird Sanctuary is located near Wanghu Pavilion in the south of Poyang Lake. Because the water quality of Poyang Lake is unpolluted and there are abundant fish, it is a paradise for various wintering birds. Hunting is strictly prohibited in the reserve, and violators will be severely punished. Various migratory birds can "coexist peacefully" in the reserve. The most precious one is the red-crowned crane, which is under first-level national protection and is particularly important.

There is a Dahuchi migratory bird viewing area in the east of the reserve, specially opened for travel enthusiasts