History and culture of Huadu District

Huadu District Intangible Cultural Heritage Project Gray Sculpture Gray sculpture, commonly known as "grey sculpture", is a traditional decoration of Lingnan architecture and a treasure of Chinese folk crafts. According to relevant records in Volume 18 of "The Biography of Eminent Monks of the Song Dynasty", gray sculptures already existed in the fourth year of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty (884). Later, gray sculpture became most popular in the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially in ancestral halls, temples, temples and wealthy mansions.

Shaocheng Village, Tieshan Village, Huashan Town, is young and powerful. He has learned art from his father since he was a child. He is skilled in gray sculpture skills and has become a representative inheritor of gray sculpture craftsmanship.

In January 2007, the Guangzhou Municipal People's Government announced that gray sculptures were selected into the first batch of Guangzhou's intangible cultural heritage protection list; in June 2007, the Guangdong Provincial People's Government announced that gray sculptures were selected into the second batch of provincial-level Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection List; In June 2008, the State Council announced that gray sculptures were selected into the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection lists; on March 18, 2009, the Huadu District Government announced that gray sculptures were selected into the first batch of district-level intangible cultural heritage protection lists. Material cultural heritage protection list. Pangu King’s Birthday Pangu King’s Birthday is a traditional folk event in Huadu District. Every year, the 12th day of the eighth lunar month is the birthday, and the birthday activities are from the 12th to the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. The Pangu Shrine is a fixed place for activities.

In the early years of Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1796), the scholar Qiu Maosong found a stone tablet halfway up the mountainside of Lushan Mountain in Shiling (now Pangu King Mountain), with the inscription "The first creation of heaven and earth, the throne of King Pangu and the holy emperor" was engraved on it. Legend has it that this stone tablet was originally erected in Pangu Temple in Timen, and was left here by the Yao people in Timen when they fled. Qiu Maosong designated the 12th day of the eighth lunar month when he found the stone tablet as the birthday of King Pangu, and built a Pangu altar to attract people to celebrate. Since then, Pangu King's Birthday has gradually developed into a traditional folk event with rich content and lively scenes affecting the Pearl River Delta and northern Guangdong. Various nearby townships organized lion dance teams to perform in front of the Pangu Shrine, and there were also folk activities such as singing operas, making lanterns, and grabbing fireworks.

The Birthday of King Pangu not only reflects the ancient Panhu worship and social sacrifice culture of the Yao people, but also carries a lot of important historical and cultural information and original memories, with sociology, anthropology, ethnology and folklore. important value.

In January 2007, the Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government announced that Pangu King’s Birthday was selected into the first batch of intangible cultural heritage protection lists in Guangzhou; on March 18, 2009, the Huadu District Government announced that gray sculptures were selected into the first batch. The district-level intangible cultural heritage protection list was approved. Hakka Folk Songs Hakka folk songs are the oral creative literature of the Hakka people. They are rich in local language characteristics and are a type of folk song genre. It inherits the style of the "Fifteen Kingdoms" in the Book of Songs, often using the traditional techniques of "fu, comparison, and xing", and is also good at puns, overlaps and other techniques. In addition to love songs, Hakka folk songs also include labor songs, persuasion songs, industry songs, show songs, show off songs, Xuxuan songs, guessing tunes, minor tunes, bamboo board songs, etc. Singing forms include solo singing, duet singing, group singing, opera sketches, etc. Hakka folk songs have beautiful melodies and implicit artistic conceptions, and are regarded as the sounds of nature inherited from the Book of Songs. Its easy-to-understand, vivid images, catchy rhymes, diverse forms, and rich content are deeply loved and spread by people. Since the Tang Dynasty, Hakka folk songs have been popular among the people and have a history of more than a thousand years.

Hakka folk songs in Huadu are popular in towns and villages where Hakka people live together, such as Huashan, Huadong, Beixing, Timian, Furong, Shiling and so on. People have always hummed folk songs during work and sang folk songs to each other in leisure time. Habit. At present, there are about thirteen Hakka folk song teams voluntarily organized by the masses in our district, among which the more well-known ones are the Baihua Folk Song Troupe and the Maple Leaf Folk Song Troupe. They often perform at Huacheng Market, Shiling Market, Beixing Market, Qiling Market, Xinhua Huaguoshan Park, New Century Plaza and other places, and are very popular and loved by the public. Liu Xiaowen, the organizer of the Baihua Folk Song Troupe in Huashan Town and a folk singer, was awarded the title of "Outstanding Rural Folk Literary Artist in Guangzhou". He compiled and published a collection of Hakka folk songs "Eighteen Rhymes of Folk Songs" (***3 collections) at his own expense, and distributed them to folk song enthusiasts for free. who. The Maple Leaf Folk Song Troupe of Xinhua Town organized and established a Hakka folk song study class for hundreds of people in Huaguoshan Park, teaching people to learn and sing folk songs for free, and actively publicizing and promoting the traditional culture of Hakka folk songs.

On March 18, 2009, the Huadu District Government announced that Hakka folk songs were selected into the first batch of district-level intangible cultural heritage protection lists. Zhongcai enamel production technique enamel, also known as "Fo Lang" and "Falan", from 1979 to 1981, Huaxian Enamel Factory carried out technological innovation and organized 7 people including Yang Zhifeng, Lai Ming, Yang Zhijin, Huang Jianheng and Huang Cuifang to go there many times Beijing Enamel Factory learned the filigree technique of "cloisonné". In 1983, Yang Zhifeng and others organically combined the "Cloisonne" process on the basis of the "Guangzhou enamel" process, and innovatively invented a new process, named "Zhongcai Enamel". This process not only inherits the resplendent patterns and patterns of "Cloisonne", but also brings out the elegant, simple, meticulous and vivid large-scale color paintings and calligraphy of "Guangzhou Enamel", greatly improving the ornamental value of the product. "Zhongcai Enamel" products include vases, snack boxes, plates, cans, dishes, bowls, desk clocks, telephones, desk lamps, buttons, etc. They have participated in exhibitions organized by the Ministry of Light Industry and relevant provincial and municipal departments, and have participated in many exhibitions. Received honors and awards. On March 18, 2009, the Huadu District Government announced that the craftsmanship of winning lottery enamel was selected into the first batch of district-level intangible cultural heritage protection lists. Huadu Lantern Festival Lantern Festival Lantern Festival is a traditional folk custom spread in the Lingnan area, and it is also a form of people praying for blessings in the New Year.

The origin of traveling lanterns can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. With the development of history, the lantern tour activities continued and enriched, reaching their largest form and scale in the Qing Dynasty.

In the old days, the Lantern Festival lantern parade in Huaxian County was very popular. On the night of the 15th day of the first lunar month, most villages held lantern parades, and the scene was very lively. After the parade, people began to cast lanterns and pray for new year wishes such as honoring their ancestors, piety and filial piety, a smooth new year, and a bumper harvest.

After the founding of New China, the custom of traveling with lanterns stopped. In the early 1990s, some villages in Huadu (such as Shuikou, Shihu, Langtou, Hualing and other villages in Tanbu Town) gradually resumed the custom of traveling with lanterns. In 1996, after the Kanggong Temple was renovated in Shuikou Village, Tanbu Town, Ren Guangrong, a native of Hong Kong, initiated the establishment of the "Lantern Festival" to resume lantern tours and lantern throwing activities. It has been held for 12 sessions so far. Every year on the fourteenth night of the first lunar month of the lunar calendar, Shuikou Village Lantern Festival and lantern throwing activities are held in front of Kanggong Temple. There are three procedures: 1. After the previous lantern owner paid the money to throw the lanterns, he will hold a lantern parade with relatives, friends, and the village elder. People (called "thousand-year-old banquet", that is, a table of 12 people whose combined age exceeds a thousand years) gathered in front of the temple for dinner. 2. Carry out lantern throwing activities after meals. First, the "Mr. Praise for Lanterns" sings praises for the lanterns, and then people bid based on their wishes and needs. The one with the highest price wins. The price of the lanterns ranges from a few thousand to tens of thousands. 3. The lantern throwing activity will end before 12 o'clock in the morning, and the lantern tour activity will begin immediately. The lion dance team and guests from the village gathered in front of the Kanggong Temple, and carried out five Bodhisattvas from the temple including Marshal Kang Baoyi, Emperor Wenchang, Beidi, Emperor Guan, and the Great Prince, and lined them up in sequence. During the lantern parade, the gong clears the way, followed by the Bodhisattva, the lion awakening team, this year's lantern winners, and the people carrying torches and lanterns to form a continuous lantern parade, parading within a fixed area inside and outside the village.

The Shuikou Village Lantern Festival Lantern Festival is a large-scale and influential folk activity in the Huadu area, with research value on history, culture, and folk customs. On March 18, 2009, the Huadu District Government announced that the Huadu Lantern Festival was selected into the first batch of district-level intangible cultural heritage protection lists. Southern Lion Southern Lion, also known as "awakening lion", is popular in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macao, and overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia. It is an authentic Guangdong folk lion dance. Nanshi is a traditional folk art in Huadu and a favorite sports activity. It not only integrates martial arts, dance, music and other cultural elements. Since the jumps, squats, horse steps, lunges, lunges, etc. of lion dance are all martial arts movements, lion dance must also practice martial arts and master certain martial arts footwork. During the Republic of China, martial arts schools were set up in many villages in Huadu, where martial arts masters were hired to teach their children martial arts and lion dance. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, martial arts and southern lion performances became more popular. During festivals and opening celebrations, lion troupes from each village went to the streets to pick young people and tour. In recent years, the Huadu District Government has been committed to carrying out lion dance competitions and holds the "Huadu District Lion Dance Competition" every three years. In the 8th Lion Dance Competition, Team 1 of Xinhua Village, Datangbian, Xinhua Street and Lion Dance Team of Yangwu Village, Shiling Town won the first prize. Team 1 of Lianhe Village, Shiling Town, Lion Dance Team of Yishan Village, Huadong The Zhenzhuhu Village Lion Dance Team and the Xinhua Street Datangbian Xinhua 2 Team won the second prize. Huashan Town Xinhe Hongqiao Team A won the third prize. On March 18, 2009, the Huadu District Government announced that the Southern Lion was selected into the first batch of district-level intangible cultural heritage protection lists. Cantonese Opera Cantonese Opera is formed by integrating Haiyan, Yiyang, Kunshan, Bangzi and other tunes that have flowed into Guangdong since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and absorbing folk music from the Pearl River Delta, such as wooden fish, dragon boat, Nanyin, Cantonese, Cantonese music, minor tunes, ditty, etc. A major type of opera in southern my country that mainly uses bangzi and erhuang, also known as Guangdong opera, Guangfu opera, etc., it is a performing art that combines chorus, chanting, music by musicians, stage costumes, abstract shapes, etc. Cantonese opera was originally performed in Central Plains phonology, also known as theater Mandarin. It was not until the end of the Qing Dynasty that the singing language was changed to Guangzhou dialect.

People in Huaxian County (now Huadu) love Cantonese opera. Since the 1920s, Cantonese opera has become popular in Hua County. Whenever a god-welcoming competition is held or a school fundraiser is held, Cantonese opera is performed more often to help celebrate. In every township, village and village in the county, it is customary to set up theater tents and invite famous Cantonese opera troupes to perform. The famous Cantonese opera actors Bai Yutang, Huang Zhongmei and Huang Junwu in the 1920s and 1930s, Suzhou girls, Bai Yunlong and Yuan Zhun in the 1930s and 1940s, Liu Meiqing and Cantonese music performer Luo Jin in the 1950s are all natives of Huaxian.

In 1956, the Foshan District assigned the "Mass Cantonese Opera Troupe" to Huaxian. Huaxian County was the first to have a professional Cantonese Opera troupe. In 1959, the "Huaxian Cantonese Opera Troupe" was officially established. After the Cultural Revolution began, the troupe was paralyzed. In 1967, the Huaxian Cantonese Opera Troupe was announced to be disbanded. In 1973, the Huaxian Cantonese Opera Troupe was reorganized into the Huaxian Cantonese Opera Troupe. From November 1981 to 1986, the county Cantonese opera troupe was disbanded and rebuilt several times. In 1987, the Cantonese Opera Troupe was relisted as a contract company. Until now, the Huadu Cantonese Opera Troupe is mainly active in the Wuyi area and sometimes returns to Huadu to perform.

In 1950, Dadong Township first established an amateur Cantonese opera troupe. It wrote "The Sky in the Liberated Area" and performed it on tour, which shocked the neighbors. Subsequently, more than 50 villages including Lixi, Luodong, Bicun and Langtou established amateur Cantonese opera troupes. After the establishment of the People's Commune, the amateur Cantonese opera troupe was disbanded. In the late 1980s, "private partnership bureaus" became popular in Huadu. In recent years, the Huadu District Cultural Department has held an annual Cantonese opera and Cantonese opera competition to provide fans with a platform for performances and exchanges. It also holds an annual literary and artistic creation competition. On March 18, 2009, the Huadu District Government announced that Cantonese opera was selected into the first batch of district-level intangible cultural heritage protection lists.

Ruiling bonsai Ruiling bonsai mainly originates from Ruiling Village, Chini Town. Bonsai are cultivated in Fengqun, Tianxin, Zhudong, Shanglianzhu, Xialianzhu and other villages in the town, as well as in Tanbu, Shiling and other places. Ruiling Village in Chini Town is located in the western part of Huadu District. It has a vast territory, rich resources, and convenient transportation. It has a long history of more than 100 years in special agriculture such as planting bonsai flowers. Ruiling Village is located below Sankeng Reservoir and Ailing Mountain Pond. It has convenient irrigation and the soil and climate are very suitable for bonsai planting.

Ruiling Village in Chini Town mainly produces and operates tree stump bonsai and potted bonsai, which are an important part of Lingnan bonsai. There are many types of trees cultivated in Ruiling Village, among which mulberry and podocarpus are more accomplished in their shapes. Jiulixiang bonsai is the representative work of Ruiling bonsai. It has exquisite production techniques and extremely high attainments in modeling, making it unique. On March 18, 2009, the Huadu District Government announced that Ruiling Bonsai was selected into the first batch of district-level intangible cultural heritage protection lists. On April 19, 1994, the Huadu City Cultural Relics Management Committee was established, responsible for the implementation of various cultural relics policies and the investigation, collection, management and protection of cultural relics in the city. On April 20, the Huadu Municipal People's Government announced the first batch of cultural relics protection units in Huadu, including Hong Xiuquan's former residence (including Hong's ancestral hall and study room pavilion), Feng Yunshan's former residence ruins, Wang's ancestral hall, and the Qing Dynasty building complex of Zizheng Dafu Temple ( Including Shuixian Ancient Temple) and Pangu King Temple (for introductions to each place, please refer to the Culture and Art Chapter of "Hua County Chronicles"). On April 28 of the following year, the Huadu Municipal People's Government issued the "Announcement on the Protection and Management of Cultural Relics" to standardize the management and protection of cultural relics.

Rebuilding the former residence of Hong Xiuquan (including the Study Pavilion)

The former residence of Hong Xiuquan was restored in 1961. In 1998, the building foundation of the former residence sank and the walls deformed into a dangerous building. In November of that year, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the Guangzhou Municipal Government each allocated 100,000 yuan, and the Huadu Municipal Government allocated 200,000 yuan for reconstruction. It was restored and reopened in February of the following year.

Renovation of the ancient building complex of Zizheng Dafu Temple

The Zizheng Dafu Temple complex in Sanhua Village (including the Narcissus Stone Temple) was built in the second year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1863). Area 3500 square meters. After the founding of New China, the building complex was used for other purposes for a long time and fell into disrepair. The original construction technology was seriously damaged. In 1993, the Huadu Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government decided to restore the building complex. Sanhua Village Committee and Huadu City Government raised 5 million yuan and 9 million yuan respectively, and the construction was carried out by the Guangdong Lingnan Ancient Garden Engineering Company to comprehensively repair the craftsmanship of the main building of the building complex and improve the surrounding landscaping environment. The building complex was restored to its original appearance and officially opened to the public on December 29, 2000, becoming a tourist attraction in Huadu.

The most beautiful rural "Hongshan Village" tourist area in Guangzhou

Hongshan Village is located in Timian Town, Huadu District, Guangzhou City, at the foot of the Zishan Forest Park, known as the "Jiuzhaigou" in Guangzhou , known as "the most beautiful mountain village in Guangzhou". Timian Town has invested more than 10 million yuan to develop tourism in Hongshan Village. It built the deep valley scenic area in the east last year and will build a shallow valley scenic area in the west next year.