The use of digital cameras?

The most important thing, of course, is the photographer's color concept. Since he is color blind, he can shoot the most classic.

Because often the most classic photos are black and white _ _ _ _ storm quotations.

Many friends always feel lacking after shooting some works, and feel that the picture is different from the artistic conception they want to express, which may be the reason for improper use of color.

Color can reflect people's feelings. In the long-term practice of production and life, color has been endowed with feelings and become a symbol representing things and thoughts and feelings. Different colors can give people different psychological effects and stimulate people's emotions. Psychologically, emotionally, get up. At the same time, when taking pictures, we should study the relationship between color and people's psychology and give full play to the role of color. For example, red symbolizes joy, yellow symbolizes nobility, green symbolizes life, blue symbolizes tranquility, white symbolizes frankness, and black symbolizes terror. In photography, we must understand the relationship between color and emotion, use color purposefully, and further express the theme of the work.

There are various colors. In addition to the seven kinds of light in the spectrum, such as red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple, there are some intermediate colors, and about 180 can be distinguished by the naked eye. Through observation and testing, the overall feeling of various colors is:

Red: warm, festive, warm, enterprising and enthusiastic.

Green: vitality, peace, coolness, calmness and hope.

Blue: broad, fresh, deserted, quiet and silent.

Yellow: noble, solemn, brilliant, docile and bright.

Cyan: strong, smooth and cold.

Orange: gorgeous, rich, sweet and pleasant.

Purple: deep, steady, mysterious and cold.

White: sacred, pure, quiet and gentle.

Black: mystery, sadness, firmness, strength and death.

Gray: peaceful, vigorous, gentle and steady.

Brown: Calm, honest, rigorous and deep.

Golden yellow: precious, elegant, gorgeous and orthodox.

Silvery white: noble, elegant, soft and bright.

Magenta: gentle, simple, frank and peaceful.

The application of color in photography should be reasonable and accurate, emphasizing consistency with people's feelings and setting off the theme.

If you take a wedding photo, the more red, the stronger the atmosphere. The funeral photos should be mainly pure white, and a few people wearing red will ruin the atmosphere. At the same time, dealing with color should conform to people's psychological state, people's living habits and appreciation habits, and the expressive force of color can be improved. The color configuration in photography should be carried out according to the requirements of artistic laws, and the atmosphere should be set off and the theme should be highlighted. Strict framing and composition, clever use of light, reasonable configuration of colors, to achieve vivid colors. The purpose of freehand brushwork with color and lyric with color.

In color photography, the more colors on the screen, the more beautiful it is. Don't pile up and list, giving people a sense of disorder. You have to give up something to get something. In the use of color, we should be good at choosing, refining, summarizing and processing colors, so that colors are gorgeous but not vulgar, elegant and extraordinary, and beauty and plainness are combined, so that photographic photos can achieve the artistic effect of color in painting.

# Log Date: September 27th, 2005, Tuesday, sunny.

Tianya: pollution photos 1 10,000, environmental protection writing collection150,000.

Commentator: 14683005 comment date: September 27, 2005 9: 12.

DC can read, how much do you still don't understand?

Therefore, the topic of DC literacy class was decided because Chunjuan just learned that several colleagues around him didn't even know aperture and shutter at all. After another round of investigation and inquiry, the head of the spring roll was cold and sweaty: although there are many DC in the company, few people actually understand the difference between digital zoom and optical zoom; Few people understand that EVF is not as good as SLR optical viewfinder. The higher the ISO, the thicker the picture particles. . . Oh! When spring rolls were specially used for camera evaluation, I didn't expect many netizens to be completely at a loss about the familiar parameter abbreviations in our evaluation. From this painful experience, I immediately rummaged through everything and dedicated this topic of "DC literacy" to everyone. I hope you don't have to wipe your cold sweat with a towel next time you do a DC knowledge popularization survey.

What is the aperture/shutter priority of DC literacy class?

The quality of the photo is related to the exposure, that is, how much light is needed to make the ccd get a clear image. Exposure is related to light passing time (determined by shutter speed) and light passing area (determined by aperture size).

Then, in order to get the right exposure, we need the right combination of shutter and aperture. When the shutter is fast, the aperture will be larger; The aperture is smaller when the shutter is slow.

Shutter priority refers to the exposure value calculated by the automatic metering system of the machine, and then automatically determines how much aperture to use according to the shutter speed you choose.

Aperture priority refers to the exposure value calculated by the automatic metering system of the machine, and then automatically decides how many shutters to use according to the aperture size you choose.

Manual mode means that you specify the aperture size and shutter speed yourself.

The larger the aperture, the more light passes through per unit time, and vice versa. Aperture is generally expressed as the letter "F+ value", such as F5.6, F4, etc. It should be noted that the smaller the value, the larger the aperture. For example, F4 is larger than the aperture of F5.6, and the difference between two adjacent apertures is twice, which means F4 is twice as big as that passing through F5.6. Relatively speaking, the definition of shutter is very simple, that is, the time allowed for light to pass through the aperture is expressed by numerical values, such as 1/30 seconds, 1/60 seconds, etc. Similarly, the difference between two adjacent shutters is twice.

The combination of aperture and shutter forms exposure, which is not unique under certain exposure conditions. For example, the current normal exposure combination is F5.6 and 1/30 seconds. If the aperture is increased by one step, that is F4, the shutter value at this time will become 1/60, and this combination can also achieve normal exposure. Although different combinations can achieve the same exposure, the pictures taken have different effects.

The concept of "depth of field" is involved here. The so-called depth of field means that when the lens focuses on the subject, the subject and its scenery before and after have a clear range, which is called depth of field.

After understanding the basic concepts of aperture, shutter and depth of field, it is not difficult to use aperture limit or shutter first.

Aperture priority is to manually define the size of the aperture, and then use the camera's metering to obtain the corresponding shutter value. Because the aperture directly affects the depth of field, this mode is most widely used in ordinary shooting. When shooting portraits, we usually use a large aperture and a long focal length to blur the background and get a shallow depth of field, which can highlight the subject. At the same time, a larger aperture can also obtain a faster shutter value, thus improving the stability of hand-held shooting. When taking photos such as scenery, we often use a smaller aperture value, so that the range of depth of field is wider, which can make the distant and nearby scenery clear, which is also applicable when shooting night scenes.

Contrary to aperture priority, shutter priority is to obtain aperture value through camera metering when the shutter is defined manually. Shutter priority is mostly used to shoot moving objects, especially sports shooting. Many friends find that when shooting moving objects, the subject is often blurred, mostly because the shutter speed is not fast enough. In this case, you can use the shutter priority mode, roughly determine a shutter value, and then shoot. And the motion of the object is generally regular, then the shutter value can also be roughly estimated. For example, the shutter speed for photographing pedestrians is only1125 seconds, while it takes11000 seconds for photographing falling water droplets.

In the case of aperture priority, we can easily control the depth of field by changing the aperture size, while in the case of shutter priority, using different apertures can achieve good shooting results for moving objects. Both should be used flexibly to meet our shooting needs in different situations.

Secret of practical operation skills of DC flash lamp

Macro shooting needs dimming.

Nowadays, digital cameras generally have built-in flash, so pay attention to the distance between the camera and the subject when using the built-in flash. Too close will lead to overexposure, too far will make the light distribution uneven, leading to underexposure. Users had better consult the user manual of digital camera to know the use range of built-in flash, which can generally achieve good results. Using digital camera for macro shooting, because it is very close to the subject, using the built-in flash will only lead to overexposure, so it is necessary to reduce the light.

Dimming is to reduce the output intensity of the flash. You can adjust it in a digital camera, but it's not enough. The light is still strong. You can cover the flash with your hands and pay attention to your fingers, which can reduce the light intensity to some extent. In practical use, it is found that simply using soft paper such as napkins can also have a good effect and make the light soft.

Change the angle of the flash

When shooting with a flash, many people habitually make the flash parallel to the subject to make the light uniform. However, when shooting reflective objects, such as glass and various computer cards, it will produce bright spots on the objects and destroy the harmony of the picture. At this time, it is necessary to appropriately change the shooting angle of the digital camera and shoot from the side to avoid bright spots.

When the contrast between the subject and the background is large, fill the light appropriately.

Don't think that you only need to use a flash when the light is dark. Sometimes you must use a flash to fill the light when the light is sufficient. When shooting against the light, there is a great contrast between the subject and the background. If the subject is exposed, the background will inevitably be overexposed, the background will return to normal, and the subject will be underexposed. At this time, you need to fill the light with a flash.

Filling the light is not only to turn on the flash directly, but also to master certain skills. You can set the camera to aperture priority mode, set the aperture value, measure the background with spot metering, and record the measured shutter value. Then switch to manual mode and set it to the measured aperture and shutter value, and then set the flash to forced flash to shoot. In this way, both the subject and the background can be taken into account, the background of the photo returns to normal, and the subject can be well represented.

Slow flash

Generally speaking, it is not advisable to use flash when shooting night scenes. A small aperture and a long exposure can show a beautiful night scene. Flash is generally used to shoot portraits at night. If you directly turn on the flash to take a portrait, the restoration of the character is normal, but the night scene behind it is very dark and cannot be restored. At this time, you need to use the slow flash function. Slow flash will take a long shutter time, illuminate the subject with a flash, and cooperate with the slow shutter to ensure that the background can also be displayed. If your camera already has a slow flash function, just use it directly. Otherwise, you can set a longer exposure time in manual mode and achieve the same effect.

Use of flash lamp

An external flash, that is, an external flash, has a built-in flash. Why do you need an external flash? The main reason is that the built-in flash has low power and small shooting range, while the external flash has high power and wider natural shooting range. The built-in flash has been fixed, and the direction cannot be adjusted, while the external flash can be flexibly adjusted up, down, left and right, making it more convenient to use. However, not all digital cameras can be equipped with flash, and digital cameras need hot start or synchronous interface to use flash.

Flashover index is an important parameter of flashover, which determines the flashover power. Generally speaking, flashover with GN value between 20 and 30 can meet our basic requirements. I suggest you choose the original flash, which can achieve good results, and these flashes have automatic function, which is very convenient to use. If you choose manual flash, you need to set an appropriate aperture value when shooting. GN=F (aperture) ×L (distance), you need to set the aperture size according to the distance between the camera and the subject. For example, if the flash index of the flash is 24 and you are 3 meters away from the subject, then your aperture should be set to F8. Because the flash time of the flash is very short, the shutter setting is not very important at this time, just set it as a safety shutter (that is, the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens at this time).

When shooting with flash, the flash is usually aimed at the subject, which is easy to cause shadows. Using flash to jump can solve this problem well. Jumping flash is a very common way to use flash, that is, the flash is not directly facing the subject, but has a certain angle. Using walls and ceilings to reflect light can make the light naturally soft.

There are many application skills of flash. Due to the limitation of space, it is impossible to cover everything. Only some of the most common usage methods can be listed, and many application skills need to be discovered by yourself.

Strange! Why DC macro depth of field is particularly good?

It is an indisputable fact that the shallow depth of field of DC is not as good as FC. However, the macro time shallow depth of field effect of DC is quite good. The picture below is a macro photo taken with a D7 camera. You can see that the depth of field in the photo is very shallow. Why does the shallow depth of field effect of DC match FC in macro photography?

In general, we compare photos with the same visual impression. As shown in the figure below, it is reasonable to compare the same scene shot by three different cameras. Obviously, in this contrast, the angle of view when shooting remains the same. That is to say, we often say that the equivalent focal length of 35mm cameras is the same, but the actual focal length is different.

How to use different ISO values?

ISO means the speed of film exposure in traditional cameras. Usually we can clearly see the ISO value on the used film packaging, such as ISO 100, ISO 200, ISO 400 and so on. , extended to digital cameras, equivalent to CCD photosensitive speed. By adjusting the ISO value, the photosensitive sensitivity of CCD can be changed. The higher the ISO, the faster the photosensitive speed of CCD. In other words, under certain exposure conditions, the higher the ISO, the shorter the exposure time.

The relative relationship between ISO sensitivities of different films is the same as that between camera shutter index or aperture index, that is, the speed of ISO 100 film is twice that of ISO 50 film, that is, the sensitivity of the former is twice that of the latter. That is to say, if you shoot a scene with ISO 200 film at 1/250 seconds and aperture f 8, then shooting the same scene with ISO 100 film must give twice the exposure. Why? Because the sensitivity of ISO 100 film is only half that of ISO 200 film.

The improvement of ISO can effectively reduce the exposure time of CCD, which provides convenience for us to shoot in low light. Because it usually takes a long exposure time when shooting in low light or at night, improper use of flash is easy to destroy the exposure, and hand-held shooting has to use a tripod to fix the camera to take clear photos, especially for users of small digital cameras. How is it possible to carry a tripod for entertainment?

Using different ISO to achieve almost the same shooting effect, but the shutter time is greatly accelerated. Shutter speed

Commentator: 14683005 comment date: September 27, 2005 9: 12.

DC users spend a little money to fill their jobs! -ZT (I don't think this is normal, hehe)

1. Buy dc first and then FC. You don't have to buy a good one. Canon will buy eos30 and 33. Minolta to α5, Nikon to F80

Of course, buying a two-handed mobile phone is more important and professional. I have to buy an automatic camera like F80 because I can't use it.

In other words, if you want to look professional, you can buy two fuselage, both of which are poor. Even A202, F65+50 F 1.8, the total price is less than 4,000. Remember, F65 has to buy a battery holder. Why use a header that looks bigger? Because the aperture is large, F 1.8, and cheap, only 8xx, Canon's is even cooler, 6xx；; Then it can be said that Bresson only used one header in his life ... (Of course, the manufacturing technology at that time could not make a better zoom head, but don't tell others foolishly)

2. Take a tripod when you go out to take photos. Don't buy a thin tripod like matchsticks, at least Weifeng. The heavier the tripod, the better. If you really can't carry it, buy a tripod. Brands like Weifeng want 1xx. It is highly recommended to buy a Manfutu monopod, only 2xx. You only need 100 yuan to get a famous brand. It's worth it

There must be at least two lenses on 3.3. FC, maybe almost, but there must be two, and others have to change the lens when taking pictures, using the word "cow"!

4. Install some small accessories on FC, such as cable release (F80 is very cheap, only 10 RMB, but it is mechanical cable release), filter (made in China is very cheap), and car owners with some money can buy a flash.

5. To use reverse film, Kodak EB3 is enough. One roll of 20 yuan, plus the development fee, is almost 1 sheet 1 yuan. When calling a film title, you can't shout "Viavia", "Provia" or "Astia", but call it "Avipi", "Adipi" and "Aipi", which will be more professional.

In a word, a * * * is less than 5000 yuan, and you can have:

A dc, a Fc, two lenses, a bunch of accessories, a tripod and a monopod.

When buying a camera bag, don't buy that famous brand and new style. 300 yuan got a small silver box with two hands. When others are carrying big bags and small bags back and forth, you can slowly drive the silver box to the ground, which is full of inferior accessories you just mentioned. When using the tripod, don't forget to extend the tripod to the highest position, and then you stand on the silver box, which shows that your silver box is so old.

When others use the flash, you should wear a soft cover on the flash and change the illumination angle of the flash from time to time.

Also, buy a two-hand exposure meter with LCD digital display. Really, someone else is already filming. You dim the east side, press it on the west side, and then remove the reflected light from the white hemisphere. You still have to mumble.

In front of ordinary color lovers, even E20,5700, 7 17, D7i, say "professional" when they meet you. Say "I don't like the smell of digital" when you meet someone with a dslr; Those who met Leica said they were not used to using paraxial shafts.

Finally, I'd better grow a little beard and long hair, just like those people who often see it under the starlight. Buy a photographic vest with a pocket full of strange things that are useful or useless. . .

These are the "professional" experiences of the poor. :)

Commentator: 14683005 comment date: September 27, 2005 9: 13.

DV travel camera series

Traveling with DV on holidays, have you ever been dissatisfied with the tape you brought back, but said you wouldn't go to a business trip? How should it be improved? With regard to DV travel cameras, if you do the following eight points for attention, you should be able to play and shoot at the same time.

1, make full preparations.

First, prepare camera equipment, especially batteries and tape. When traveling and shooting, it is best to prepare two batteries. In addition to randomly distributed batteries (usually in a short time), a large-capacity battery (more than 2 hours) should be added. Save money when using, such as using less LCD screen and rewinding less, and charging at any time during breaks. Be sure to fully charge all batteries at night to ensure the need of shooting the next day. Bring as many tapes as possible, at least one every day.

Secondly, be familiar with your own machine, and be aware of all kinds of keys and function keys, especially the brightness and color control of LCD. Sometimes, when watching on TV, there will be a visual difference that LCD looks bright but dark. If it is a new camera, you may wish to bring the user manual and learn to improve it at any time.

Furthermore, it is necessary to understand the relevant situation of tourist destinations and be familiar with the main local scenic spots and historical sites, local customs, history, ecological environment and climate. There are many books in this field now, and there are many introductions on the Internet. It's best to look at the relevant documentaries first to find out what people are shooting and how to shoot them.

2, clear shooting theme

Tourism photography should highlight the happy and relaxed mood in the process of playing and record the theme of beautiful and charming scenery, so as to make a shooting plan, determine the shooting content and record the most meaningful scenes. It is mainly to grasp the shooting proportion and combination of characters and scenery, and we can't just ignore the shooting of scenery with character-playing scenes, nor can we just shoot the scenery without character-playing processes and scenes. When shooting, we should use different scenery and shooting techniques to highlight the theme, such as introducing the general appearance of scenic spots with large-scale lens (panorama) or shaking lens, expressing key scenery and people's activities with medium shot or close-up, and shooting the process of family and friends playing with follow-up lens. In addition, we often encounter some unexpected tidbits during the tour, so we need to grab the camera in time and shoot as many local customs and anecdotes as possible to increase the interest and appreciation of the film.

3. Keep the picture stable

DV camera is easy to get started, but it is not easy to shoot well. The most common problem is the jitter of the shooting picture, because the LCD screen is small and the jitter is not easy to detect, but it is obvious when you watch it on TV, and the picture is unstable, which makes people unable to concentrate. After a long time, you will get dizzy.

There are several reasons why the picture is unstable: First, you don't hold the fuselage steady, because you don't usually travel with a tripod. When you hold it in your hand, people's breathing and muscle trembling will cause the fuselage to shake. Some people like to take pictures while walking with a camera in one hand, which is easy to cause instability in the picture; Secondly, when using telephoto or digital zoom function, it is easy to cause picture jitter, because the longer the focal length, the smaller the viewing angle, and the slight jitter will make the picture shake badly. To keep the picture stable, the key is to hold the camera firmly with both hands, keep your elbows close to your chest ribs and try to hold your breath. Twist your waist instead of your hand when you swing, and try to lower your center of gravity when you follow, with a steady and even pace. Generally, digital zoom function is not used. If you really want to use it, you'd better put it on walls, stones and other fixtures. Adjust the magnification first, and then press the video button. Of course, the best solution is to use a tripod.

4, reasonable use skills

Push-pull panning is a common shooting technique in DV photography, but it is also often abused. Many amateur DV photographers especially like to push the lens around and pan, and the picture moves too much, which makes people dizzy. Push-pull is mainly used to adjust the scene, such as pushing the panorama to close range. The key is to push and pull the zoom lever evenly, adjust it in place at one time, and there can be no pause in the middle. Pushing the left picture of the lens should be a scene that needs special emphasis, rather than pushing the zoom lever to the telephoto end; Pan-tilt lens is often used to shoot large scenes, which can be divided into up and down pan-tilt and left and right pan-tilt, such as shooting steep peaks from bottom to top. When panning, be careful not to shake it back and forth repeatedly. Shake it, don't shake it back. Just take a panoramic view up and down or left and right. Mobile camera refers to shooting through mobile camera, such as sitting on the train and shooting the pastoral scenery outside the window. Traveling while walking and shooting is also moving.

When pushing, pulling and shaking, the purpose should be clear and the situation needs it. Don't push, pull and shake for the sake of pushing, pulling and shaking, and don't use the same technique repeatedly to avoid shaking. The shooting action should be smooth and smooth, the picture should be smooth, and there should be no pause in the middle: no fast and slow. Every scene should have a start and a left picture, that is, shooting in fixed the picture for a few seconds at the beginning, then pushing and pulling, and finally shooting in fixed the picture for a period of time.

5, control the light color

Light and color are the main parameters that determine the image quality. Generally, we use the automatic exposure and automatic white balance functions provided by the camera, which can get better results in normal environment, with natural colors and clear images. However, in tourism photography, the light is out of control, and sometimes there will be overexposure or underexposure. First, there will be a strong light source or a strong contrast between light and dark in the picture. The bright part is properly exposed and the dark part is underexposed. At this time, it is best to adjust the composition appropriately to reduce the proportion of over-bright parts in the picture. Or use manual aperture to adjust the aperture according to the person or scene to be represented. Second, the people or scenery in the shadow are underexposed, and the exposure can be adjusted by "exposure compensation" or manual aperture. Third, there is a serious shortage of light. For example, in a cave, you can use the night scene shooting or super night scene shooting function provided by the camera, but this picture is not effective. Fourthly, when shooting from light to shadow, such as from hole to hole, the exposure changes obviously. The camera just turned to the shadow, and the picture was dark. You can adjust the manual exposure first, and press the manual exposure control key when the picture darkens. Or use segmentation processing, shoot the bright place first, pause, turn to the shadow, and shoot again after the camera automatically exposes normally.

Most cameras provide a variety of white balance settings, but you must not copy them. For example, Sony DCR-PC115/120 E cameras are available indoors and outdoors. It looks like indoor white balance, but the correct meaning is the indoor white balance setting under certain lighting conditions such as 60 watt incandescent lamp, otherwise the picture will appear blue. In most cases, automatic white balance can meet the shooting requirements, unless you want to create a specific effect (such as warming the lights), you can manually change the white balance to achieve satisfactory results.

6. Mining built-in functions

Digital cameras have built-in editing functions, which can not only improve the shooting quality, but also facilitate post-production. Portrait, beach and snow, dusk, scenery and other modes can be used in special circumstances; You can also apply some built-in editing functions: such as gradient, old movie, inversion, mosaic, jump, interval shooting and other special effects.

7. Prevent DV damage

Outdoor travel photography is prone to rain and fog, so pay attention to protect the camera. After all, it is tens of thousands of dollars of valuables. Take a plastic bag with you in case it rains, and don't let the camera get wet. When shooting at the seaside, it is necessary to prevent seawater or water mist from splashing on the camera lens. Seawater is corrosive to lenses and should be wiped clean immediately. Don't shoot directly at the strong light source such as the sun, which will easily damage the CCD of the digital camera. Some DV players only have hand straps, but no straps. It is better to make one yourself, which is convenient and safe to hang around your neck. In addition, when it is found that the lens is stuck with water or dust, it is best to clean it with special lens cleaning liquid, and do not wipe it with toilet paper or blow it with your mouth, which will easily damage the lens coating.

8. Ensure personal safety.

The purpose of traveling abroad is to be happy for yourself. Pay attention to safety when shooting, so as to avoid accidents and go home sad. Pay special attention to two points: first, try not to shoot while walking, it is ok in a wide and flat place, it is prone to danger in steps or uneven places, and more attention should be paid in mountainous areas and the wild. Second, don't shoot beyond the safety warning line. The tourism department will set up a warning line in dangerous places, and the safety outside the warning line is not guaranteed, so don't do anything stupid, remember that safety comes first.