About Hitler (extra 50 points for good answers)

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 - April 30, 1945) was born in Braunau am, a city on the border between Bavaria and Austria. Inn, Linz, Braunau on the Rhine), died in Berlin. Hitler was the president of the German National Socialist Workers' Party, the Nazi Party, and the head of the German Third Reich. He was imprisoned for riots in his early years, and wrote Mein Kampf in prison, expressing his many views, such as the annexation of Austria, anti-Semitism and dictatorship. Became Chancellor of Germany on January 30, 1933; cracked down on dissident parties through the "Arson of the Empire State Building". When German President Hindenburg died of illness on August 1, 1934, Hitler concurrently served as President of Germany and combined the two positions of president and prime minister into one. He had unlimited power and ordered all military, judges and government officials to swear allegiance to him. As head of state and prime minister, he became the sole holder of state power, the dictator, integrating all political and social institutions except the military and the church. During World War II, he also served as the supreme commander of the German armed forces. Germany during his reign was known as Nazi Germany or the Third Reich.

In the early stages of the Third Reich, some of his economic measures once helped the German economy get out of the quagmire after World War I, and he also won the support of the lower classes through his inflammatory mass movements.

However, in terms of political system, Germany under Hitler's leadership was more inclined to extreme national conservatism than the Weimar Republic. He formed the Axis Powers with Italy, led by Mussolini, and Japan, led by Hideki Tojo, which directly led to World War II. Under his leadership, the German army intervened in the Spanish Civil War, supported Franco's regime, annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia, and invaded Poland, France, the Soviet Union and other countries.

Domestically, he implemented a fascist-style one-party terror dictatorship, hating and rejecting other non-Nazi political parties and ideas, including the communist movement. The first concentration camp he established was to detain Nazis. In order to use the Communist Party, he also advocated national superiority and hated other nationalities. Establish domestically independent Nazi military organizations such as the Stormtroopers, SS, and Gestapo that are independent of the Wehrmacht. Implementing a policy of genocide, during the Third Reich under the leadership of Hitler, a large number of death camps were built in Germany and the territories of its occupying countries, and Jews and other races were massacred. According to rough estimates, a total of about 6 million Jews and tens of millions of other races were massacred due to Hitler's genocidal policy during this period.

In terms of war, Hitler abandoned the war model of World War I militarily, created and practiced new war models such as blitzkrieg and air force support, and changed the shape of war.

On April 28, 1945, the Soviet Red Army invaded Berlin. That night Hitler and Eva Braun held their wedding. At 15:30 on the 30th, Hitler and his wife both committed suicide. On the night of May 8, 1945, Nazi Germany formally surrendered. Germany was defeated.

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The origin of the surname

Adolf Hitler’s family background is chaotic and complicated. The origin of the name Hitler should be told by his grandfather. The ancestor of the future head of Germany lived in Waldvittel, which is located between the Danube and Danube rivers. Bohemia, a county in Austria between the Moravian border, is a hilly area with lush forests, and can also be regarded as a backcountry in Austria. There are incest marriages here like Czech farmers, and later Adolf Hitler His parents had many illegitimate children. Adolf Hitler’s grandfather’s real name was Johann Georg Hitler. The surname Hitler was derived from Adolf’s grandfather’s original surname Hiedler. , Adolf's father originally took his mother's surname. This is because Adolf's father, Alois Hitler, was also an illegitimate child. He was born on June 7, 1837, and used his mother's surname Schicklgruber until he was 39 years old. Therefore, the name Alois Schicklgruber has been with Adolf's father for most of his life, although there is no evidence that Johann Georg Hydra is Alois Schicklgruber's father. But later, Johann Georg Hydra appeared in the towns of Waldvittel and Witna after disappearing for 30 years. He recognized Adolf's father Alois as his ancestor and recognized the father-son relationship in the notarization. At this time Their surname Hitler had been changed to Hitler, and Johann Georg Hitler was 84 years old at this time

Unique life experience

On the evening of April 20, 1889 At 6:30, in a small inn called Bommer in the small town of Braunau am Austria on the Inn River that flows through the border of Austria and Bavaria, Germany, a young woman named Clara gave birth to a baby boy. Since Clara's three previous children all died early, she was particularly fond of this son. This boy was Adolf Hitler. Adolf's father, Alois, was a customs officer in the border town of Braunau. He was the illegitimate son of a 42-year-old peasant woman and a wandering grinder.

Adolf's mother was his uncle's granddaughter. Alois was already 48 years old when he got married, and the bride was just 25 years old. This was Alois's third marriage. He had had two unhappy marriages before. Adolf was his fourth child from this marriage. It may also be that this extremely strange life experience and blood relationship in the eyes of the world created Hitler's unique temperament and character.

The Fantasy Young Man

When Adolf Hitler was 3 years old, his family moved with his father to Passau, Bavaria, Germany, where his father wanted to manage an Austrian customs office. , living in this German city and playing with German children left a lifelong impact on Hitler. He spoke with the southern Bavarian accent he learned during the Passau period throughout his life.

In 1895, when Hitler was 6 years old, his father was transferred to Linz to serve, and the family moved back to Austria. On the outskirts of Linz, they bought a beautiful house in a quiet environment. Soon, Hitler was sent to a rural school for elementary school. The school is far from home. Every morning, he and his half-sister have to walk for an hour to reach the school.

In this year, my father, who had worked as a civil servant for more than 40 years, retired. But it was difficult for him to adapt to this kind of retirement life, so he began to make friends with wine to relieve his boredom. As time went by, he began to drink heavily, became irritable and easily agitated, and frequently beat, kicked, and whipped his children with a riding crop. As a result, his 14-year-old half-brother Alois was forced to run away from home. As a result, little Adolf Hitler often became his father's "punching bag."

In 1896, 7-year-old Adolf Hitler moved to the small town of Rambach with his father. At the new school, Hitler was a leader. But Hitler's father soon became tired of the life here. In 1898, he bought a house and garden in the village of Leonting near Linz, and soon moved his family here. After arriving in the new place, Hitler still had an easy time studying in the new school. At this time, he discovered that he had a talent for painting. So he turned to fantasize about becoming an "artist" in the future. But his father insisted that his son become a civil servant like him. Therefore, after Hitler graduated from the four-year elementary school, it was decided to send him to the six-year middle school in Linz.

But after Hitler arrived at this school, his academic performance plummeted, and he finally repeated the grade because he failed the math and science exams. In January 1903, Hitler's father suffered a stroke and died during a morning walk. For Hitler, this was a turning point. At the age of 14, he became the only man in the family. His lonely widowed mother had no binding force on him, and even family affairs were subject to his control.

At the end of three years of middle school, Hitler failed to pass the French exam. Although he barely passed the make-up exam, he lost the opportunity to continue studying at the six-year middle school in Linz because of his unsatisfactory results. He had to He transferred to a four-year state high school 40 kilometers away from Linz to continue his fourth grade. In the fall of this year, after he passed the make-up exam, he received a diploma from a four-year middle school. Although he could continue to study in a comprehensive high school, he was unwilling to endure the hardship. He finally persuaded his doting mother to interrupt his studies and recuperate on the grounds that he had suffered from tuberculosis and that heavy studies were harmful to his health. He lived a life in Linz that he described as "like a dream" and "the happiest life in his life". Although his mother and relatives persuaded him and urged him to work and learn a skill, he spent the next two and a half years intoxicated in his dream of becoming an artist in the future, wandering along the Danube River and being "mother's darling" , pass the "lazy days" and enjoy the "empty comfortable life". He also voraciously dabbled in books, painted a lot, enjoyed operas, and visited museums. Although Hitler was only 16 years old at this time, he was already keen on politics and had become a German nationalist who would not change until his death. During this period, Hitler, as a future demagogue, showed an extreme aloofness, a self-pitying mood and an often sudden and irrepressible desire to speak. "Plan" has a strong desire and disdain for any kind of step-by-step and rule-based activities.

First Arrival in Vienna

In 1906, after Hitler’s 17th birthday, he took the money given to him by his mother and relatives and went to Vienna, which he had longed for, to stay for two years. months. Vienna, the magnificent baroque imperial capital, dazzled Hitler. He wandered the streets all day long, excitedly admiring the magnificent buildings near the ring road. The sights he saw in museums, opera houses, and theaters made him dazzled and intoxicated. At least for the moment, he was convinced that if he wanted to achieve anything in art, he must study in Vienna. So he tried his best to persuade his mother to allow him to study at the Art Academy in Vienna. In the summer of 1907, his mother finally agreed that he came to Vienna to take the entrance examination with 700 kronor, which he had withdrawn from his father's inheritance, which allowed him to live in Vienna for a year, in order to fulfill his dream of becoming a painter, but he failed. The school told him that his talent was in architecture, and to enter the architecture department of the college, one must complete a six-year middle school and have a diploma, but Hitler only had a four-year middle school certificate. Faced with this situation, Hitler was helpless and depressed.

He did not write a letter home, nor did he go home. Instead, he stayed alone in Vienna, closed the door and thanked guests, immersed himself in reading, listening to operas or wandering around the streets aimlessly. He did not return to Linz until the end of October. At this time, her mother Clara, who was suffering from breast cancer, was dying. On December 21, his mother finally died and passed away.

After his mother died, Hitler was faced with the problem of finding a way to make a living. Although he was completely independent, he had no special skills and had always despised physical labor and never wanted to make a penny on his own. However, he was not discouraged and was still confident. He said goodbye to his relatives and announced that he would never return to his hometown if he failed.

The Tramp in Vienna

In February 1908, Hitler returned to Vienna. At that time, Vienna was the glorious empire of the Habsburg Empire before its collapse. But there are also poor people who live in slums, wear shabby clothes, and are malnourished. At this time, Hitler began to become critical and rebellious. He often felt aggrieved by the injustice of the world and the ill-gotten gains squeezed by wealthy relatives. After arriving in Vienna, Hitler did not try to enter the architecture department at all, nor did he want to learn any trades, or engage in any normal occupation. Instead, he preferred to do odd jobs - sweeping snow, beating carpets, and carrying luggage at the station. In the first year, he mainly lived on his father's inheritance and the monthly orphan allowance of 25 crowns. By 1906, his father's inheritance was exhausted and he only had a monthly orphan allowance of 25 crowns. He completely became a Tramps sleep on park benches or in doorways of random houses at night, and eat cheap food in taverns and waiting rooms during the day.

On Christmas Eve 1909, the impoverished Hitler pawned all his last winter clothes and entered a homeless shelter in despair. But soon, at the instigation of a friend, Hitler left the asylum and moved into a cheap bachelor's apartment, deciding to make a living on his own. He stayed in his room every day to draw his postcards, and his friend sold them, and the sales turned out to be very good. He also painted some large watercolor paintings for friends to sell, and the sales were good. He relied on the money he earned from painting these paintings and the orphan fees he could continue to receive to live a life with no worries about food and housing. But it didn’t take long for this “painter” who had always been interested in politics to turn the reading room in his bachelor’s apartment into a political club. Hitler lectured to the "gentlemen" among the tenants and the frustrated members of the bourgeoisie who gathered here. According to his needs, he enthusiastically defends all social and political slogans he agrees with, fiercely attacks those social slogans and political slogans that caused his failure, and provides simplistic explanations for the chaotic and complex social phenomena around him. During this period, Hitler often read pamphlets that advocated ultra-nationalism, ultra-nationalism, and anti-Semitism. Especially a magazine called "Oriental Temple of Heaven", Hitler couldn't put it down. The magazine's purpose is to create a blond, blue-eyed Aryan superior race, to oppose the so-called "inferior hybrid race", especially the "degenerate" influence of the so-called Jews, and uses the swastika flag as its symbol. Influenced by this atmosphere, within a few years, the solid foundation of Hitler's political worldview was laid: This is a worldview that opposes tolerance and the equality of all peoples of the world, opposes democracy and the parliamentary system, and opposes Marxism and the Jewish group. , opposed to social equality and political freedom. The core of this, and his "true belief" that remained unwavering throughout his life, was anti-Semitism at the time. He firmly believed that the "Aryan race" to which he belonged was inherently noble, while the Jewish race was, on the contrary, inferior. During this period, Hitler also paid attention to the activities of various political parties in Austria. He paid special attention to reading the newspapers and periodicals of the Austrian Social Democratic Party, analyzing the speeches of the party leaders, and summing up experience. After repeated pondering, he finally came to the conclusion that political parties must cooperate with mass movements. In combination, we must master the art of propaganda among the masses, otherwise nothing will be accomplished.

Corporal in World War I

In May 1913, Hitler, who was full of fanaticism for the Greater German nation, left Vienna and moved to Munich. He wanted to find his pursuit there. At this time, he still had no normal occupation and continued to make a living by selling paintings. During this period, he often closed the door and immersed himself in a large number of political books borrowed from the library, focusing particularly on the study of Marxist theory.

The First World War broke out in 1914. Hitler, who had always been passionate about war, was suddenly "completely dominated by an unusual and impulsive emotion". He "knelt on his knees and sincerely thanked God for having eyes" and that he was "lucky to live in such an era." On August 1, the Kaiser declared war on Russia. On August 3, this Austrian living in Germany, who had no intention of serving the Habsburg dynasty, immediately wrote to King Ludwig III of Bavaria, begging the king to allow him to join the Bavarian army. On August 4, Hitler was allowed to join the 1st Bavarian Infantry Regiment as a volunteer, became a corporal, and served as a team messenger. He did a pretty good job and even received two Iron Crosses. He had narrowly escaped death several times by luck, which suddenly gave him a strange belief: he "will shoulder the great responsibility of the world", and he was just waiting for "the time to come" in order to make a splash. Hitler was always extremely serious and sensitive about the purpose of the war and the fate of Germany. He opposed the curse of the war by his comrades.

He often sat in the corner of the canteen, holding his head in his hands, meditating silently. Sometimes he would suddenly jump up and walk around excitedly, saying that Germany could not win because the invisible enemy of the German people was more dangerous than the enemy's biggest cannon. . He would then launch a blistering attack on the "invisible enemies" Jews and Marxists. However, no matter how much Hitler expected victory in the war, Germany ultimately lost the war. The Kaiser abdicated and fled to the Netherlands, where Germany signed a surrender agreement at Compiègne station. At that time, Hitler was in the hospital undergoing treatment for his eyesight, which had been blinded by poison gas on the battlefield. When he learned the news, he was like thunder and burst into tears. He wrote in "Mein Kampf": "I simply couldn't hold on for a moment. I felt that the sky was dark and the earth was dark, and my eyes became pitch black again. I groped, staggered, and stumbled back to the dormitory, and threw myself on the camp bed. He buried his painful head under the quilt and pillow." He then lived "terrible days and even more terrible nights." "During these nights, hatred grew in my heart, hatred for those who did this... despicable, depraved sinners." So he saw his future clearly and "decided to join politics" and "become a politician."

Beginning of political career

At the end of November 1918, Hitler recovered and was discharged from the hospital and reported to his supplementary battalion stationed in Munich. At this time, the November Revolution swept across Germany, and the "Bavaria Socialist Republic" was established in Munich. His battalion was already under the control of the "Soldiers Committee". He was so disgusted by the situation that he quickly left Munich to work as a guard in a prison camp near the Austrian border. The following spring he returned to Munich. At this time, an investigative committee was established there to investigate who should be responsible for the short-lived Soviet power in Munich. Hitler was appreciated for providing valuable intelligence to the committee and was transferred to the Information Bureau of the Political Department of the Army Military District Headquarters. In June 1919, the German government was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles. The peace treaty only allowed Germany to maintain a standing army of 100,000 people. Therefore, the authorities attached great importance to the loyalty and reliability of the army, and established some special committees with specialized missions to report on possible political subversive activities in the army. They were also responsible for Monitor workers' organizations. One of the first soldiers selected for such "reconnaissance" missions was Adolf Hitler. Before they started their mission, Hitler and his comrades were sent to a special training class at the University of Munich. The teacher found that Hitler was a student who paid attention to lectures and was very eloquent, so he drew the attention of Hitler's superiors. As a result, Hitler was soon sent to a team in Munich to give a speech to promote the fight against dangerous ideas such as pacifism, socialism, and democracy. For Hitler, this was an important turning point. This was the first time he was recognized in the political field he wanted to enter, and he himself also discovered that what he had - being good at speaking, was suddenly confirmed. .

Hitler's boss appreciated Hitler's talent very much and gave him a special mission to complete. At the end of July 1919, Hitler was ordered to go to the Lechfeld camp with other "scouts" to eliminate the Spartacus ideological tendencies that had grown among German prisoners of war who had been captured during the war. In September 1919, Hitler received another order from the Army Political Department, asking him to investigate the situation of a small political group calling itself the "German Workers' Party". In this way, Hitler, as a so-called spy, first got acquainted with the party, which had only 54 members at the time. The party's platform was a hodgepodge of socialism, nationalism and anti-Semitism. Because Hitler, while attending the meeting of this small party, denounced a statement that advocated Bavaria breaking away from Prussia and forming a South German Republic with Austria, he immediately attracted the attention and interest of the participants. Two days later, Hitler suddenly received a postcard informing him that he had accepted to join the German Workers' Party, which initially made him feel "angry and funny."

But after some careful consideration, Hitler decided to become the 55th member of the party and served as the seventh member of the party's presidium, which he insisted on. Hitler considered that he could transform the party according to his own views and goals, and that he would then be able to put into practice in a political movement the insights he had gained from his thoughts in Vienna and his experience at the front. In addition, this also provided him with a guarantee of life. From then on, Hitler took the most decisive step in his life.

Transforming the German Workers' Party into the Nazi Party

After Hitler joined the Workers' Party, while fulfilling his duties as a "scout", he devoted himself enthusiastically to the work of the party. He engaged in many aspects of social communication, published party notices in the nationalist publication "Munich Observer", organized mass rallies, gave speeches to promote himself, and tried his best to expand the party's influence. Hitler used his oratory skills at mass rallies and tried his best to incite hatred against the Versailles Peace Treaty, the "November Sinners" and the Jews among the college students, small business owners and military officers present. His speech was not literal, straight to the point, easy to understand, and made extensive use of folk language and the lingo of soldiers in the trenches. Therefore, his audience, especially the soldiers in the war, felt more intimate and kept them enthusiastic.

In this way, the mass rallies organized by Hitler soon became famous. The content of his speech, brilliance of language, and eloquent arguments soon attracted a large number of followers. The party was suddenly impressed by him. The chairman of the party, against all objections, appointed Hitler as the "Minister of Propaganda."

With Hitler in power, he set out to further consolidate his position within the party. He rearranged the party's daily management work. Then he and the party chairman drafted a new twenty-five-point party platform, the tone of which was anti-Semitism, nationalism and "social demands". Its content, except for the Jews, almost everyone can get a little sweetness from it. In order to incite and attract the masses, Hitler took great pains in the name of the party. He took advantage of the two currents of nationalism and socialism that were prevalent in Germany at the time and officially changed the name of the German Workers' Party to the "National Socialist German Workers' Party". This was the Nazi Party, with Nazi being the first two letters of the abbreviation of the party's official name. transliteration. The party platform and the party's new name were announced to the world at the mass meeting on February 24, 1920. As the press briefly reported on the matter. So Hitler became famous in this local area.

On March 31, 1920, Hitler was dismissed from the military. He received a demobilization fee of 50 marks, a military uniform, a coat and some underwear. From then on, Hitler devoted all his energy to the work of the party. He planned the party flag and the party's logo. The party flag has three colors: black, white and red as the background, and the logo is a swastika. The ten-thousand-character symbol has been a symbol of the sun's disk in different cultures for centuries. Hitler recognized early on the value of the swastika to party members and the outside world. The swastikas, the brown shirts distributed in 1924, and the arm-raising ceremony chanting "Swastika" gave party members a sense of solemnity and made them feel that they belonged to a whole body of life, death and democracy, and belonged to a group that should be treated as a whole. Implement the essence of leadership. The nationalist symbols and symbols and militarized style of Hitler's organization immediately had a strong appeal to the small bourgeoisie.

Subsequently, with the support of sponsors, Hitler bought Munich's "Volkswagen Observer", giving the party its own organ. During this period, a group of people from all walks of life who were impressed by Hitler's knowledge, courage and amazing eloquence joined the ranks of the Nazi Party, which suddenly increased the Nazi Party's energy. Due to Hitler's active activities, the Nazi Party grew rapidly within a year. In July 1921, Hitler went to Berlin to establish contact with the nationalists in North Germany and expand the Nazi movement to the whole country. At this time, members of the Nazi Party who were dissatisfied with Hitler took advantage of his absence in Munich to overthrow his leadership. After hearing the news, Hitler immediately rushed back to Munich to organize a counterattack. He threatened to quit the Nazi Party, forcing the party to agree that he would serve as the party's first chairman and enjoy "the power to command everything." He also revised the party constitution, abolished the party committee, abolished the electoral system, established the "leadership principle" and implemented dictatorship. Soon, Hitler proclaimed himself the leader of the Nazi Party. He not only had supreme control over the entire party organization, but also demanded unconditional loyalty from his followers. On January 22, 1922, the Nazi Party held its first congress in Munich. At this point, Hitler finally transformed a club that was originally dedicated to chatting into a mass organization, and became the most important and famous member of it.

Munich Beer Hall Riot

In the early years of the Weimar Republic, the economy was very difficult. After accepting the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had to pay huge reparations. In order to ensure reparations and a sense of security in front of Germany, France sent troops to occupy the Ruhr area. The weak German government was unable to resist and could only implement passive resistance. As a result, Germany experienced unprecedented inflation, the collapse of its monetary system, and its economy. In collapse. Hitler blamed the Weimar Republic and the Treaty of Versailles for this disaster, as well as the Jews and Bolshevism. In the end, the costly passive resistance launched by the Cournot government could no longer continue and had to collapse, with Stresemann succeeding as prime minister.

As soon as the new prime minister took office, he immediately announced the end of the struggle and was ready to resume reparations and reach a settlement with France. But both of Stresemann's decisions were met with protests from the die-hard conservative People's Party of Germany and all far-right nationalist groups, and this protest movement was mainly concentrated in Bavaria. Separatist forces there attempted to stage a riot against the Berlin government. The sensitive Hitler saw that this situation of economic difficulties and political turmoil was a good opportunity for him to overthrow the Soviet Union. He wants to use Badelia as a springboard to seize national power.

At the end of October, the contradiction between the central government of Bavaria and Berlin intensified, and Hitler was determined to take advantage of this contradiction. He asked the Bavarian state regime to march on Berlin before Berlin had yet to attack Munich. Hitler believed that the time was favorable to him, and he was determined to follow the example of Italian dictator Mussolini's "March on Rome" to seize power a year ago, and began planning a "March on Berlin" to establish an authoritarian regime under his personal dictatorship. . But the head of the Bavarian government was indecisive and had no intention of acting in accordance with Hitler's wishes.

On the evening of November 8, 1923, the Big Three and other dignitaries of the Bavarian state government held a rally at the Big Brau Keller Beerhouse in the southern suburbs of Munich. Hitler took the opportunity to lead his 600 stormtroopers, forcibly rushed into the venue, and first fired at the ceiling. One shot. Then Hitler, surrounded by Goering, Hess and others, stepped onto the podium and shouted loudly: "The national revolution has begun. The hall is now surrounded. No one is allowed to leave!" "Now that the Bavarian government has collapsed, we From now on, he is the leader of all Germany!" But Hitler's attempt to hijack the Bavarian leaders in a surprise attack failed. However, Hitler did not give up. The next day, he discussed countermeasures with Ludendorff, the German Chief of Staff during World War I who was forced to participate in the incident and was determined to establish a military dictatorship, and decided to hold a demonstration in Munich to expand Promote and mobilize support among soldiers and residents. So Hitler and Ludendorff led a team of more than 2,000 people and marched from the beer hall to Munich. But they were immediately suppressed by the police, and 16 Nazis were shot dead. Hitler fled the scene, but was arrested and imprisoned on November 11. Subsequently, the state government ordered a ban on the Nazi Party and closed the Nazi Party newspaper. At this point, Hitler's painstakingly planned "March on Berlin" attempt to seize power failed.

Writing "Mein Kampf"

Hitler's coup failed, but he gained propaganda capital for himself and his party from this failure. Since the chief judge had no principled differences with Hitler on "nationalist" ideas, he finally sentenced Hitler to the lightest sentence - five years in prison. If he behaves well, his sentence can be commuted. In fact, Hitler only served eight months in prison before being pardoned and was not deported. Even during this eight-month sentence, he also received preferential treatment: in addition to being allowed to enjoy special meals, he was also allowed to live in a very comfortable single cell with two windows and plenty of sunlight. He can correspond freely, receive visiting relatives and friends freely, and can accept garlands and congratulations from relatives and friends on his birthday. In addition, he also enjoys the privilege of carrying a secretary, going for walks outdoors and doing gymnastics. At noon, he ate in the lounge with a swastika flag hanging on the wall. At this time, he talked eloquently. So when Hitler's "sentence" in this guard prison (a prison in which the reputation of the prisoners was not affected) ended, most of the prison staff became loyal Nazis.

During the eight months that Hitler stayed in prison, he dictated his work - the first volume of "Mein Kampf" (the second volume was published two years ago) to Rudolf Hess, who voluntarily followed him to the prison. Released later in the year). This work is neither a memoir nor a work that embodies Hitler's world view. In fact, it is a comprehensive synthesis of nationalist, imperialist, anti-Semitic and anti-democratic ideological trends. Anti-Semitism is a thread that runs through the book. He believed that the Jews and Slavs were inferior races and that the Aryans were the superior race and therefore had the right to conquer and rule other races. Another idea of ??the book is to promote revanchism. Hitler declared that the Treaty of Versailles must be torn up and that he must settle accounts with the German people's "sworn and mortal enemy, France." He declared that the humiliation and hatred imposed on Germany by the peace treaty had been deeply imprinted in the hearts of 60 million men and women. , turned into a permeating flame. Propaganda for external expansion is another theme of the book. He declared that he would "set his sights on the country in the east" and "take what cannot be obtained by peaceful means, with fists." "Hitler also attacked the parliamentary democratic system in the book, promoted autocratic dictatorship, opposed Marxism, and promoted fascist theory. The book "Mein Kampf" is regarded as the program of fascist theory and action and the bible of the Nazi Party. It gave Hitler a charming look and catered to the resentment that was widespread in Germany at the time. Therefore, it had a large circulation and was widely circulated during the Nazi regime.

Rebuilding the Nazi Party

Hitler realized his own truth from the failure of the Beer Hall Riot: that is, he cannot deprive the rulers of power through a coup. On the contrary, he can only gain power through cooperation with them, and he must make full use of *** Therefore, on January 4, 1925, after he was released from prison, he visited the Prime Minister of Bavaria and admitted that the 1923 coup was a mistake. From now on, he must abide by the rules and laws, and he also promised to support the prime minister in the fight against Marxism. This gave the state prime minister the impression that this ferocious beast was now "tamed" and people could relax a little. In this way, in February, the Bavarian government lifted the ban on the Nazi Party and its organ, the Volksobserver. Then, the Nazi Party officially resumed publication on February 27. After formal reconstruction, Hitler regained the status of dictatorial head of state, but was prohibited from speaking in public, and other states followed suit.

At this time, Germany implemented