Introduction to Hefei Mogao Grottoes tourist attractions Pictures of Hefei Mogao Grottoes tourist attractions introduction

What are the must-see attractions in Mogao Grottoes? What are the local specialties?

The biggest attraction of the Mogao Grottoes is the Buddha statues, and the local fruits, religious gifts, and handicrafts are also exquisite. With the double festival holiday approaching, many people choose to travel to spend the first long holiday after the epidemic, thus venting the emotions they have suppressed for more than half a year. The Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang have been a tourist attraction since ancient times. This place has a very rich religious culture and exquisite handicrafts with local characteristics. It is a great pleasure to be able to appreciate the exquisite craftsmanship of the ancients and taste the special fruits at the same time.

1. Highlights of Mogao Grottoes

The landscape of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes can be said to be inspiring after seeing it. With the opening of the gate of Mugao Grottoes , it is like unveiling a history that has been sealed for thousands of years. Everywhere you look are exquisite Buddha statues and murals. These Buddha statues are standing, sitting or lying down. Some of them are sitting upright and solemn, while others are free and unrestrained. People can't help but think of how prosperous this city was created by the Silk Road thousands of years ago.

2. Specialties of Dunhuang

The specialties of Dunhuang mainly include food and handicrafts. Dunhuang has been known as Guazhou a long time ago, which means that the local area is rich in melon and fruit specialties. Dunhuang is located on the northwest plateau, with a huge temperature difference between day and night and sufficient sunlight. The fertile and excellent soil also makes it an excellent place for growing melons and fruits. The most famous ones are winter pear, white melon and carambola, which are well-known at home and abroad. In recent years, Dunhuang people have presented these specialty fruits in the form of preserved fruits, which have won unanimous praise. In addition, Dunhuang's specialty Mogao Grottoes wine and mineral water are also highly favored by Chinese and foreign tourists. In addition, Dunhuang also has luminous cups made from jade mined in the Qilian Mountains, as well as calligraphy and painting works, knitting works, antiques and other handicrafts rich in religious and cultural characteristics, which are also rare treasures that cannot be seen elsewhere.

There are also many modern configurations such as movies, etc., which allow visitors to browse the historical changes thousands of years ago more directly. The product of this perfect organic combination of modern elements and the wisdom of the ancients can be Tourists have a deeper understanding of the Mogao Grottoes.

Information about the Mogao Grottoes

The Mogao Grottoes are located on the cliff at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province, China. It faces the Dangquan River in front and faces east. It is 1680 meters long from north to south and 50 meters high. The caves are distributed in high and low places, row after row, with up to five floors above and below. In 1987, the Mogao Grottoes were listed as a world cultural heritage. It is one of the four major grottoes in China, including Longmen Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes and Maijishan Grottoes. Mogao Grottoes is a large-scale grotto that integrates painting, sculpture and architectural art, mainly with murals and supplemented by statues. Cave Temple. Its main grotto shapes include Zen Grotto, Central Tower Grotto, Hall Grotto, Central Altar Grotto, Four Walls and Three Niches Grotto, Statue Grotto, Nirvana Grotto, etc. The size of each cave varies greatly. The largest Cave 16 is 268 square meters, and the smallest Cave 37 is not more than a foot high. There were originally wooden temples outside the cave, connected by corridors and plank roads, but most of them no longer exist. The Mogao Grottoes murals are painted on the four walls of the caves, on the top of the caves and in the niches. The content is extensive and profound. It mainly covers seven categories of themes: Buddha statues, Buddhist stories, Buddhist historical sites, sutras, gods and monsters, donors, and decorative patterns. In addition, there are many expressions Paintings of various aspects of social life at that time, such as hunting, farming, textiles, transportation, war, construction, dance, weddings and funerals, etc. Some of these paintings are powerful and broad, and some are bright and magnificent, reflecting the artistic styles and characteristics of different periods. On the murals of the Mogao Grottoes, beautiful flying apsaras can be seen everywhere - the city sculpture of Dunhuang is also an image of a flying fairy bouncing the pipa. Feitian is a god who serves the Buddha and Emperor Shakti and is good at singing and dancing. On the wall, the flying sky is dancing in the boundless universe. Some hold lotus buds in their hands and soar into the sky; some swoop down from the sky like meteors; some pass through the tall buildings and pavilions like swimming dragons; Then follow the wind and feel leisurely and contented. The painter uses his unique long and winding lines, stretching and harmonious meaning to present people with a beautiful and ethereal imaginary world. There should be less information about the Mogao Grottoes

Otherwise I won’t be able to copy it in my Chinese language book!

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Xu GSA

LV.1 2009-11-22

Mogao Grottoes

The Mogao Grottoes are a national key cultural relics protection unit, commonly known as Thousand Buddhas Cave. They are located in Dunhuang at the west end of the Hexi Corridor and are world-famous for their exquisite murals and statues. It was built in the pre-Qin period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, and has gone through the construction of the Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Xixia, Yuan and other dynasties, forming a huge scale. There are currently 735 caves and 45,000 square meters of murals. With 2,415 clay colored sculptures, it is the largest and richest Buddhist art shrine in the world. In modern times, the Buddhist Scripture Cave was discovered, containing more than 50,000 ancient cultural relics. From this, Dunhuang studies, a discipline specializing in the study of the classics in the Buddhist Scripture Cave and Dunhuang art, was derived. However, in modern times, the Mogao Grottoes have been defrauded and stolen, a large number of cultural relics have been lost, and its treasures have been severely damaged. In 1961, the Mogao Grottoes were announced by the State Council of the People's Republic of China as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1987, the Mogao Grottoes were listed as a world cultural heritage. It is one of the four major grottoes in China, including Longmen Grottoes, Yungang Grottoes and Maijishan Grottoes.

The Mogao Grottoes are a national key cultural relics protection unit, commonly known as Thousand Buddhas Cave. They are located in Dunhuang at the west end of the Hexi Corridor. They are world-famous for their exquisite murals and statues. It was built in the pre-Qin period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, and has gone through the construction of the Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Xixia, Yuan and other dynasties, forming a huge scale. There are currently 735 caves and 45,000 square meters of murals. With 2,415 clay colored sculptures, it is the largest and richest Buddhist art site in the world. In modern times, the Buddhist Scripture Cave has been discovered, containing more than 50,000 ancient cultural relics, and has spawned a discipline that specializes in the study of the classics in the Buddhist Scripture Cave and Dunhuang art - Dunhuang Studies. However, the Mogao Grottoes have suffered a lot of man-made damage in modern times, a large number of cultural relics have been lost, and their integrity has been seriously damaged. In 1961, the Mogao Grottoes were announced by the State Council of the People's Republic of China as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1987, the Mogao Grottoes were listed as a world cultural heritage.

The Mogao Grottoes are located on the cliff at the eastern foot of Mingsha Mountain, 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, Gansu Province, China. It faces the Dangquan River in front, faces east, and is 1,680 meters long from north to south and 50 meters high. The caves are distributed in high and low places, row after row, with up to five floors above and below. It was built during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. According to the Tang Dynasty's "Li Kerang Rebuilt the Buddhist Shrine Monument of Mogao Grottoes", in the second year of Jianyuan of the former Qin Dynasty (366), the monk Le_ passed by this mountain and suddenly saw golden light shining like ten thousand Buddhas. So the first cave was dug into the rock wall. After that, Zen Master Fa Liang and others continued to build caves here to practice meditation, which were called "Mogao Cave", which means "high place in the desert". Later generations changed its name to "Mogao Grottoes" because "Mo" and "Mo" were interchangeable. During the Northern Wei, Western Wei and Northern Zhou Dynasties, the rulers believed in Buddhism, and the construction of grottoes was supported by the princes and nobles, and developed rapidly. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the prosperity of the Silk Road, the Mogao Grottoes became even more prosperous. At the time of Wu Zetian, there were more than a thousand caves. After the Anshi Rebellion, Dunhuang was successively occupied by the Tubo and Guiyi armies, but the statue making activities were not greatly affected. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Western Xia Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, the Mogao Grottoes gradually declined, and only the cave chambers of the previous dynasties were mainly renovated, with very few new ones being built. After the Yuan Dynasty, with the abandonment of the Silk Road, the construction of the Mogao Grottoes also stopped and gradually disappeared from the world's sight. It was not until 40 years after the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1701) that people paid attention to this place again. In modern times, people usually call it "Thousand Buddha Cave".

There are 735 caves in the Mogao Grottoes from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, which are divided into northern and southern areas. The southern area is the main body of the Mogao Grottoes. It is a place where monks engage in religious activities. There are 487 caves, all with murals or statues. There are 248 caves in the North District, of which only 5 have murals or statues. The others are places for monks to practice, live and bury their dead. They have earthen kangs, stoves, flues, niches, lamps and other living facilities. A total of 492 caves in the two areas contain murals and statues, including 45,000 square meters of murals, 2,415 clay sculptures, 5 wooden cliff eaves from the Tang and Song Dynasties, and thousands of lotus pillar stones and floor tiles.

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The Mogao Grottoes are a large-scale grotto temple that integrates painting, sculpture and architectural art, with murals as the mainstay and statues as the supplement. Its main grotto shapes include Zen Grotto, Central Tower Grotto, Hall Grotto, Central Altar Grotto, Four Walls and Three Niches Grotto, Statue Grotto, Nirvana Grotto, etc. The size of each cave varies greatly. The largest Cave 16 is 268 square meters, and the smallest Cave 37 is not more than a foot high. There were originally wooden temples outside the cave, connected by corridors and plank roads, but most of them no longer exist.

The Mogao Grottoes murals are painted on the four walls of the cave, on the top of the cave and in the niches. The contents are extensive and profound, and mainly include seven categories: Buddha statues, Buddhist stories, Buddhist historical sites, sutras, gods and monsters, donors, and decorative patterns. In addition, there are many paintings showing various aspects of social life such as hunting, farming, textiles, transportation, war, construction, dance, weddings and funerals at that time. Some of these paintings are powerful and broad, and some are bright and magnificent, reflecting the artistic styles and characteristics of different periods. Most of China's paintings before the Five Dynasties have been lost. The Mogao Grottoes murals provide important objects for the study of Chinese art history, and also provide extremely valuable images and patterns for the study of ancient Chinese customs. According to calculations, if these murals were arranged at a height of 2 meters, they could line up a gallery of up to 25 kilometers.

The soil on the cliff where the Mogao Grottoes are located is relatively soft and is not suitable for making stone sculptures. Therefore, except for the four giant Buddhas, which are stone clay sculptures, the rest of the statues in the Mogao Grottoes are all wood-frame clay sculptures. The statues are all Buddhist figures, arranged in various combinations such as single statues and group statues. The group statues generally have the Buddha in the center, with disciples, Bodhisattvas, etc. standing on both sides, ranging from three to as many as eleven. The forms of colored sculptures include round sculptures, relief sculptures, shadow sculptures, good karma sculptures, etc. These statues are exquisite, lifelike, imaginative and highly accomplished, and they complement and complement the murals.

It is a nine-story canopy, also called the "Beida Statue". It is located in the middle of the cliff cave and is as high as the top of the cliff. It is majestic and majestic. Its wooden structure is earthy red, with high eaves and well-proportioned outlines. There are bells attached to the eaves corners that sound in the wind. Among them is the seated Maitreya Buddha, which is 35.6 meters high and made of stone and clay sculptures. It is the third largest seated Buddha in China after the Leshan Giant Buddha and the Rongxian Giant Buddha. The space accommodating the Buddha is large in the lower part and small in the upper part, and the plane is square. There are two passages outside the building, which not only allow you to view the Buddha up close, but also serve as a source of light for the head and waist of the Buddha. The eaves of this cave existed before the first year of Wende in the Tang Dynasty (888). It had five floors at that time. It was rebuilt in the fourth year of Qiande in the Northern Song Dynasty (966) and in the Qing Dynasty and changed to four floors. It was rebuilt again in 1935 to form its current 9-story shape.

On the murals of the Mogao Grottoes, beautiful flying apsaras can be seen everywhere - the city sculpture of Dunhuang is also an image of a flying fairy bouncing off a pipa. Feitian is a god who serves the Buddha and Emperor Shakti and is good at singing and dancing. On the wall, the flying sky is dancing in the boundless universe. Some hold lotus buds in their hands and soar into the sky; some swoop down from the sky like meteors; some pass through the tall buildings and pavilions like swimming dragons; Then follow the wind and feel leisurely and contented. The painter uses his unique long and winding lines, stretching and harmonious meaning to present people with a beautiful and ethereal imaginary world.

With gorgeous colors and flying lines, in these northwest painters’ passionate and emotional depictions of the ideal paradise, we seem to feel their inexhaustible passion for riding wildly on the desert wasteland. Perhaps it is precisely because of this. It is this kind of passion that gives birth to the power of imagination that is so flamboyant in the murals!

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There are 492 caves with murals and sculptures in Mogao Grottoes, which can be roughly divided into four periods: Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, Five Dynasties and Song Dynasty, Xixia and Yuan.

There are 36 caves excavated in the Northern Dynasties, among which the earliest caves 268, 272 and 275 were probably built in the Northern Liang period. The main shapes of the caves are Zen Grotto, Central Tower Pillar Grotto and Hall Grotto. Colored sculptures include round sculptures and shadow sculptures. The contents of the murals include Buddha statues, stories from Buddhist scriptures, gods and monsters, donors, etc. The shadow sculptures of this period were mainly flying gods, supporting Bodhisattvas and thousands of Buddhas. The round sculptures were originally a combination of one Buddha and two Bodhisattvas, and later two disciples were added. The statue has a strong body, a dignified and tranquil expression, and a simple and heavy style. In the early stage of the murals, earthy red was used as the background color, and then colors such as green, green, and white were applied. The colors were warm and thick, the lines were simple and thick, and the characters were tall and straight, which has the characteristics of Western Buddhism. After the Western Wei Dynasty, the background color was mostly white, the tone became more elegant, the style was free and easy, and it had the style of the Central Plains. Typical caves include Cave 249, Cave 259, Cave 285, Cave 428, etc. For example, the Buddhist statue of Muni from the Northern Wei Dynasty in Grotto 243 sits majestically, with an Indian cassock draped across the body and a flat round bun on the top of the head, retaining the Gandhara style.

The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the heyday of the development of Mogao Grottoes, with more than 300 existing caves. The Zen caves and the central pillar cave gradually disappeared during this period, while at the same time, a large number of temple caves, Buddhist altar caves, four-wall three-niche caves, and statue caves appeared in large numbers, among which the palace caves were the largest. The statues are all round, with rich and plump shapes, and the style is more Chinese-style. There are also tall statues that were not seen in previous generations. Most of the group statues are seven or nine. In the Sui Dynasty, there were mainly one Buddha, two disciples, two Bodhisattvas or four Bodhisattvas. In the Tang Dynasty, there were mainly one Buddha, two disciples, two Bodhisattvas and two heavenly kings. Some also added two powerful men. . During this period, the Mogao Grottoes murals had rich themes, magnificent scenes, and magnificent colors, and their art skills reached an unprecedented level. Such as the style of the Bodhisattva statue in Cave 79 made during the mid-Tang Dynasty. The upper body is exposed, sitting in a half-kneeling position. The two-piece round bun on the head is a hairstyle worn by common people in the Tang Dynasty. The muscles of the face and limbs are rounded, painted with pastels, the complexion is fair, and the expression is easy-going and gentle. Although there is still an Indian-style red hemorrhoid between his eyebrows, he looks more like a real person in life. Also in Cave 159, there is also a Bodhisattva. A figure is naked from the waist up, wearing a necklace at an angle, with her right hand raised, her left hand hanging down, her head tilted slightly to the right, her upper body slightly tilted to the left, and her crotch protruding to the right. The movements are coordinated, maintaining balance and revealing a graceful and feminine figure. Another Bodhisattva is fully clothed, with the inner and outer layers clearly displayed, making the body structure clearly visible. The pleat lines are smooth, the colors are gorgeous, the configuration is coordinated, the figure is slender, and the proportions are appropriate, making people feel that these are two living "living statues".

There are more than 100 caves from the Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties, most of which are renovated and repainted cave chambers from the previous dynasties. The main shapes are Buddhist altar caves and palace caves. From the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties, the Zhang and Cao families who ruled Dunhuang believed in Buddhism and invested heavily in the Mogao Grottoes. Therefore, portraits of donors appeared in large numbers at this stage and were rich in content. Statues and murals both followed the style of the late Tang Dynasty, but towards the later period, their forms became more formulaic and the level of art techniques also declined. Typical caves of this period include Cave 61 and Cave 98. Among them, the map of Cave 61, "Mt. Wutai", is the largest mural in Mogao Grottoes. It is 5 meters high and 13.5 meters long. It depicts the mountains and rivers around Mount Wutai in Shanxi. The shapes, cities, temples, pavilions and pavilions are all magnificent.

There are 85 caves in the Mogao Grottoes from the Xixia and Yuan Dynasties. Xixia built 77 caves, most of which were renovated and repaired caves from the previous dynasty. The shape of the caves and mural sculptures basically followed the style of the previous dynasty. The image of the Uighur king appears in some caves in the middle Xixia period, which may be related to the Uighurs. In the late Xixia period, Tibetan Tantric content appeared in the murals. There were only 8 caves in the Yuan Dynasty, all of which were newly excavated. The shape of a round Buddhist altar in a square cave appeared. The murals and sculptures are basically related to Tibetan Tantric Buddhism. Typical caves include Cave 3, Cave 61 and Cave 465.

Sutra Cave

In 1900, Wang Yuan_, a Taoist priest who lived in the Mogao Grottoes, carried out large-scale cleaning in order to convert part of the cave that had been abandoned for a long time into a Taoist temple.

When he was removing silt from Cave 16 (currently numbered), he accidentally discovered a small door on the wall of the north corridor. After opening it, a square cave room with a length of 2.6 meters, a width of 2.6 meters, and a height of 3 meters appeared. Cave 17) contains more than 50,000 documents, paper paintings, silk paintings, embroidery and other cultural relics from the 4th century to the 11th century (that is, the Sixteen Kingdoms to the Northern Song Dynasty). This is the famous "Sutra Collection Cave".

The inner wall of the Sutra Cave is painted with Bodhi trees, bhikkhunis and other images. There is a low altar in the style of a Zen bed, with a seated figure of the eminent monk Hong Bian, and a stone tablet, which seems to be unfinished. . Judging from the documents unearthed in the cave, the latest ones were written in the Northern Song Dynasty, and there are no Xixia characters. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Sutra Cave was built by monks in the Mogao Grottoes in the 11th century AD when they were preparing to escape from the Xixia army. closed.

The Mogao Grottoes Sutra Cave is a very important discovery in the history of Chinese archaeology. Most of the unearthed documents are manuscripts and a few are engravings. About five-sixths of them are written in Chinese, and the rest are ancient Tibetan texts. Chinese, Sanskrit, Qilu, Sogdian, Khotan, Uighur, Kucha, etc. The contents of the documents are mainly Buddhist scriptures, in addition to Taoist scriptures, Confucian classics, novels, poems, historical records, cadastres, account books, calendars, deeds, letters, certificates, etc., many of which are unique and extinct copies. These have important historical data and scientific value for the study of the history of China and Central Asia, and thus formed a discipline - Dunhuang Studies - which focuses on the study of scripture cave documents and Dunhuang Grotto Art.

Situation of damage

The Mogao Grottoes have been rarely known since the Yuan Dynasty, and their original appearance has been basically preserved for hundreds of years. However, after the discovery of the Sutra Cave, it immediately attracted many Western archaeologists and explorers. They obtained a large number of precious classics and murals from Wang Yuan at extremely low prices, and transported them out of China or scattered them among the people, causing serious damage. The integrity of Mogao Grottoes and Dunhuang art has been enhanced.

In 1907, during his second archaeological trip to Central Asia, the British archaeologist Marc Orel Stein came to Dunhuang along the ancient Silk Road south of Lop Nur. When he heard that the Buddhist scripture cave had been discovered in Mogao Grottoes, he approached Wang Yuan_ and expressed his willingness to help build a Taoist temple, which gained the king's trust. So Stein was allowed to enter the Scripture Cave to select documents. In the end, he only spent 200 taels of silver in exchange for 24 boxes of manuscripts and 5 boxes of other works of art to take away. In 1914, Stein came to the Mogao Grottoes again and purchased 570 Dunhuang documents for 500 taels of silver. Most of these collections were donated to the British Museum and some museums in India. The British Museum now has about 13,700 Dunhuang-related collections. It has the largest collection of Dunhuang cultural relics in the world. However, in recent years, the museum has been criticized for its poor protection of Chinese cultural relics and even theft.

Introduction to Mogao Grottoes!

The Mogao Grottoes are a national key cultural relics protection unit, commonly known as Thousand Buddha Cave. They are located in Dunhuang at the west end of the Hexi Corridor. They are world-famous for their exquisite murals and statues. It was built in the pre-Qin period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, and has gone through the construction of the Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Xixia, Yuan and other dynasties, forming a huge scale. There are currently 735 caves and 45,000 square meters of murals. With 2,415 clay colored sculptures, it is the largest and richest Buddhist art shrine in the world. In modern times, the Buddhist Scripture Cave was discovered, containing more than 50,000 ancient cultural relics. From this, Dunhuang studies, a discipline specializing in the study of the classics in the Buddhist Scripture Cave and Dunhuang art, was derived. However, in modern times, the Mogao Grottoes have been defrauded and stolen, a large number of cultural relics have been lost, and its treasures have been severely damaged. In 1961, the Mogao Grottoes were announced as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1987, the Mogao Grottoes were listed as a world cultural heritage. It is one of the four major grottoes in China. Now, the Mogao Grottoes have become a famous tourist attraction in my country.

Information about Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes

Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as Thousand Buddhas Cave, is located in Dunhuang at the western end of the Hexi Corridor. It was built in the pre-Qin period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, and has gone through the construction of the Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Xixia, Yuan and other dynasties. It has formed a huge scale, with 735 caves, 45,000 square meters of murals, and mud paintings. With 2,415 colorful sculptures, it is the largest and richest Buddhist art site in the world.

In 1961, the Mogao Grottoes were announced by the State Council of the People's Republic of China as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1987, the Mogao Grottoes were listed as a world cultural heritage.

The Mogao Grottoes, together with the Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi, the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, Henan, and the Maijishan Grottoes in Tianshui, Gansu, are collectively known as the four major grottoes in China.

The one-thousand-year history of the construction of the Dunhuang Grottoes coincided with the long period of division and separatism in the Chinese history after the Han Dynasty. It moved towards national integration and the unification of the north and the south. It reached the peak of the Tang Dynasty and then declined from its peak. development period. During this period, it was the period of formation and development of the procedures, schools, categories, and theories of Chinese art. It was also the period when Buddhism and Buddhist art were introduced, and Chinese Buddhist theories and Buddhist sects were established and developed. Buddhist art became Chinese art. important categories, finally completing the period of Sinicization.

From the perspective of the categories of Chinese painting and art, the figure paintings, landscape paintings, animal paintings, and decorative pattern paintings in the Dunhuang Grottoes murals all have a history of thousands of years. They form their own system and have numerous characteristics. They can all become independent The history of figure painting, landscape painting, animal painting, and decorative pattern painting.

In particular, it has preserved such rich examples of figure paintings, landscape paintings, animal paintings, and decorative patterns from before the Song Dynasty in China, that is, before the 10th century, which has never been seen in museum collections around the world.

There are more than 200 music-themed caves in the Dunhuang murals, and there are many bands, musicians and musical instruments. According to statistics, there are more than 500 groups of different types of bands, and 40 types of musical instruments such as blowing, beating, pulling and playing. There are more than 4,500 pieces in total. There are also music scores and other musical materials in the Dunhuang Scripture Cave documents. The rich music image data shows the continuous development and changes of Chinese music culture in the past thousand years. It provides valuable information for the study of Chinese music history and the exchange of Chinese and Western music.

Introduction to Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes

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No.1 Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes

There is one A touring exhibition of the Mogao Grottoes was held in Hangzhou last year, and I was blown away by the one-to-one reproduction of the interior of the cave.

Ticket policy: Children: Children under 4 years old (excluding 4 years old) are free of charge. Free

Children: Children aged 4 (including 4 years old) to 6 years old (excluding 6 years old) are free to visit Mogao Grottoes + free visit to Mogao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center + transportation fee to and from Mogao Grottoes 10 yuan + Cave explanation fee 10 yuan; emergency free visit to Mogao Grottoes + transportation fee to and from Mogao Grottoes 10 yuan + cave explanation fee 10 yuan;

Students: 6 (including 6 years old) to 18 years old (excluding 18 years old) Chinese teenagers, domestic full-time unified enrollment students with master's degree and below. With valid ID and "Student ID", the normal half-price discount ticket price of Mogao Grottoes is 90 yuan + Mogao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center 48 yuan + round trip to Mogao Grottoes The transportation fee to the Gao Grottoes is 10 yuan; the emergency half-price discount to the Mogao Grottoes is 45 yuan + the transportation fee to and from the Mogao Grottoes is 10 yuan

Elderly people: Chinese citizens aged 70 and above (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) must present a valid ID card to Mogao Grottoes Free normal visit to the Mogao Grottoes + free visit to the Mogao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center + round-trip transportation fee of 10 yuan + cave explanation fee of 10 yuan; emergency free visit to the Mogao Grottoes + round-trip transportation fee of 10 yuan + cave explanation fee of 10 yuan

Elderly persons: Chinese citizens (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) aged over 60 to under 70, with valid ID. Normal half-price discounted ticket price for Mogao Grottoes is 90 yuan + Mogao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center 48 yuan + round trip Mogao Grottoes transportation fee is 10 yuan; Mogao Grottoes emergency half-price discount is 45 yuan + transportation fee to and from Mogao Grottoes is 10 yuan

Disabled persons: Disabled persons must present valid identity documents and the "People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of China" Disability Certificate", "Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Disabled Persons Card", "Disabled Military Personnel Card of the People's Republic of China", "Disability Certificate of the People's Republic of China", "Disabled People's Police Card of the People's Republic of China" Mogao Grottoes Normal free visit + free visit to Mogao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center + round-trip transportation fee of 10 yuan + cave explanation fee of 10 yuan; emergency free visit to Mogao Grottoes + round-trip transportation fee of 10 yuan + cave explanation fee of 10 yuan;

Active military personnel: Active military personnel (excluding military civilian personnel) must present their "Officer's Certificate", "Non-commissioned Officer's Certificate", "Soldier's Certificate", "Civilian Cadre's Certificate", "Conscript Certificate" and "Student's Certificate" Free normal visit to Mogao Grottoes + free visit to Mogao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center + transportation fee to and from Mogao Grottoes 10 yuan + cave explanation fee 10 yuan; emergency free visit to Mogao Grottoes + transportation fee to and from Mogao Grottoes 10 yuan + cave explanation fee 10 yuan;

Armed police and public security police: Armed police can visit Category A Mogao Grottoes for free with their valid ID and "Police Officer Certificate (Armed Police)", and public security police can show their valid ID and "People's Police Card". Free admission to the Gao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center + RMB 10 transportation fee to and from the Mogao Grottoes + RMB 10 cave explanation fee; Free emergency admission to the Mogao Grottoes + RMB 10 transportation fee to and from the Mogao Grottoes + RMB 10 cave explanation fee;

< p> Firefighters: Firefighters must present valid IDs and the "National Comprehensive Fire Rescue Team Cadre Certificate", "National Comprehensive Fire Rescue Team Firefighter Certificate", "National Comprehensive Fire Rescue Team Student Certificate", "National Comprehensive Fire Rescue Team Cadre Certificate", "National Comprehensive Fire Rescue Team Cadre Certificate", "National Comprehensive Fire Rescue Team Cadre Certificate" Fire Rescue Team Retirement Certificate" Normal free visit to Mogao Grottoes + free visit to Mogao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center + transportation fee to and from Mogao Grottoes 10 yuan + cave explanation fee 10 yuan; free visit to Mogao Grottoes Category B + round trip to Mogao Grottoes Transportation fee is 10 yuan + cave explanation fee is 10 yuan;

Teachers: On Teachers’ Day, teachers can visit the Mogao Grottoes for free with their valid ID and "Teacher's Certificate" + free visit to the Mogao Grottoes Digital Exhibition Center + round trip Mogao Grottoes transportation fee is 10 yuan + cave explanation fee is 10 yuan; emergency free visit to Mogao Grottoes + transportation fee to and from Mogao Grottoes is 10 yuan + cave explanation fee is 10 yuan;

*Valid ID: People of the People’s Republic of China ***Resident ID card of the People's Republic of China, temporary resident ID card of the People's Republic of China, passport, Mainland travel permit (return permit, return permit) for residents of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.

*When reserving tickets, if you do not have a discount certificate, after you enter the visitor information, the system will determine your age based on your ID number and provide corresponding discounts.

Popularity: 369,000 people have visited recently

No.2 Mingsha Mountain Crescent Spring

Sandboarding, paragliding, off-road vehicles, You can experience the camel riding project

Bus: You can take bus Dunhuang No. 3 and other lines to the nearby area

Ticket policy: Children: Children under 1.2 meters are free with valid ID

Elderly: Elderly people over 70 years old are free with valid IDs

Elderly people: Elderly people in Gansu Province are free with Gansu Provincial Senior Citizens’ Preferential Treatment Certificate

Elderly people: Elderly people 60 and above are free Discounted tickets for ages 1 to 69

Children and students: Children over 1.2 meters (inclusive) and under 18 years old must present a valid ID, and full-time students with a bachelor's degree or below must present a valid student ID. Among them, foreign student ID holders must match their domestic ID cards, and foreign students holding a valid Chinese student ID card have discounted tickets

Disabled people: Free with valid ID

Military: active military, armed police, injured Disabled soldiers, retired military cadres, and military academy cadets are free with valid IDs

Jiuquan tourists: free with their ID cards

Reporters: with the People's Republic of China and the State Information Administration or Free of charge for valid press cards issued by the People's Republic of China and the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television

Journalists: free of charge for Hong Kong press cards, Macao press cards and photographer cards

1. Holders of China Visitors with membership cards of the Photographers Association, Chinese Artists Association, Chinese Musicians Association, and Chinese Calligraphers Association enjoy free admission with their original relevant documents and ID cards. The above associations do not include their affiliated organizations.

2. All the above ticket discounts are only valid for domestic certificate holders.

3. The above information is for reference only. For specific information, please refer to the information disclosed by the scenic spot on the day.

Popularity: 225,000 people have visited recently

No.3 Yumenguan Ruins

You will pass here when taking the west route from Dunhuang to Yadan Devil City

Ticket policy: Children: Height 1.2 meters (inclusive) and above, 18 years old (inclusive) and below. Half price

Elderly: Half price for seniors aged 60 (inclusive) to 69 (inclusive)

Elderly: Free for those over 70 (inclusive)

Popularity: 49,000 People have visited recently

No.4 Yangguan Scenic Spot

You can feel the scenery of the Gobi desert and experience the sense of history

Ticket policy: Children : Free for children under 1.2 meters (not included)

Military: Discounted tickets with valid military officer ID

Journalists: Discounted tickets with valid press ID

Students: Domestic Colleges and universities (undergraduate students and below) get discounted tickets with student ID cards

Elderly people: 60 years old (inclusive) and above - 70 years old (exclusive) with discounted tickets with senior citizen ID card or ID card

Popularity: 49,000 people have visited it recently

No.5 Dunhuang Ancient City

The filming location of the movies "New Dragon Gate Inn", "Hongmen Banquet", "Love Sword Mountains and Rivers" and "Qitian Da Da" "Saint Sun Wukong"

Ticket policy: Children: Children under 1.2 meters (not included) are free

Elderly people: Elderly people over 70 years old (not included) are free with senior citizen ID cards

< p>Elderly people: 60 years old (inclusive) - 70 years old (exclusive) half price with seniority card or ID card

Military: half price with valid ID for officers

Faculty and staff: with valid ID Discounted tickets

Journalists: half price with valid press card and ID card

Students: half price for full-time college, middle and primary school students with valid student ID

Popularity: 1.9 Thousands of people have recently visited the Mogao Grottoes

A 30-word introduction to the Mogao Grottoes

The Dunhuang Grottoes have more than 500 caves and 492 paintings and sculptures preserved in them. They are divided into categories according to the architecture and function of the caves. The central pillar cave (Zhiti cave), the hall cave (the central Buddhist altar cave), the dome-shaped cave, the statue cave, the Nirvana cave, the Zen cave, the monk's room cave, the cave, the shadow cave and the grotto are also in shape. There are some pagodas. The largest cave is more than 40 meters high and 30 meters wide. The smallest one is less than a foot high.

The foreign form of the cave shape, the center tower column, preserved from the early grottoes, reflects that while ancient artists accepted foreign art, they also