Can China people (from China) get a driver's license in the United States?

Sure, but it depends on your legal status in the United States.

If you are studying abroad legally, you need to go to your school to prove that you are a full-time student, and then take your I20, passport and I94 to the local driver's license for a written test. After you get the written certificate, you can practice driving, and then you can take the test.

Not if you travel in America for a short time.

If you are a long-term resident such as working or visiting relatives, you can also take a driver's license.