Present Situation, Problems and Development Countermeasures of Wetland Eco-tourism in China

1. Wetland ecotourism resources are degraded and seriously polluted, and the species and quantity of animals and plants are sharply reduced.

Due to many man-made reasons, the wetland area in China has dropped sharply. In recent years, the lake area of Qinghai Lake has decreased by 30 1.6km2, and the former Bird Island has become a peninsula. At present, the natural water area of Poyang Lake has been reduced from 1954 to 5 100 square kilometers to 3,900 square kilometers. Dongting Lake area is 1949- 1975, which has decreased by 1659 square kilometers in 30 years. Sanjiang plain is still being reclaimed as farmland in large quantities.

At the same time, with the development of industrial and agricultural production and the continuous expansion of urban construction, a large number of industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, fertilizers and pesticides are discharged into wetlands, which greatly destroys the water quality of wetlands and makes the ecological function of wetlands decline day by day.

2. Managers, tourists and community residents have weak awareness of environmental protection, which leads to serious ecological damage in tourism development. In the actual development and utilization, tourists often know and enjoy wetlands, but ignore the protection of wetlands. Some so-called eco-tourists are not qualified to engage in eco-tourism, and some of them don't even know what eco-ethics is. Because tourism is a seasonal industry, some managers and community residents do not hesitate to overexploit or even destructively exploit wetland tourism resources for short-term profits. The weak ecological awareness of participants and developers is an important reason for the serious destruction or even degradation of wetland ecotourism resources and the great destruction of ecological functions.

3. Insufficient investment in wetland protection and community poverty alleviation, and unreasonable distribution of tourism income.

Investors and managers should invest a certain proportion of funds in the maintenance of wetland resources while realizing the withdrawal of funds, and should carry out constructive restoration of damaged wetlands when necessary. However, due to the trend of economic interests, developers often pay more attention to development than protection, and have little or no investment in the protection and construction of resources, which poses a great threat to the sustainable development of wetland ecotourism.

Community poverty alleviation is another important function of wetland eco-tourism, but in some communities, local residents can't get the benefits they deserve, and the increasing number of tourists disturb their normal life, making their already weak ecological awareness even weaker.

Development countermeasures

1. Strengthen the protection of existing wetlands and restore the destroyed wetlands constructively.

Practice has proved that the establishment of nature reserves is the most effective way to protect existing wetland resources. However, the number and area of nature reserves in China are still small, and the existing wetland nature reserves can not effectively protect wetland resources. While strengthening the management of established nature reserves, we should increase the number of wetland reserves, increase investment, strengthen the research and monitoring of wetlands and wetland ecosystems, and provide scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of wetland resources.

The main methods of constructing and restoring destroyed wetlands are grazing, fishing and ecological engineering. Ecological engineering is the fundamental way to restore the destroyed wetland, that is, to replace the polluted ecological environment by artificially cultivating alternative habitats. When constructing ecological engineering, we should pay attention to the functional equivalence between alternative habitats and original habitats.

2, focus on shaping the tourism image, comprehensive development of tourism products.

The development of wetland eco-tourism also needs a distinct tourism image. In the image design of wetland eco-tourism area, the ecological function and biodiversity of wetland should be emphasized.

In the design of tourism image, we should also design corresponding carriers, such as tourist souvenirs, scenic mascots, publicity slogans and so on. The main types of wetland ecotourism products in China are ecotourism, leisure vacation, scientific investigation, popular science education and ecological food. Among them, bird watching in eco-tourism is the most distinctive tourism product in wetland and one of the most popular tourism activities in the world today.

3. Develop new wetland eco-tourism projects in combination with the original industries.

In the process of developing eco-tourism, the original wetland industry should not be completely abolished, but tourism should be combined with local traditional industries to develop tourism projects that combine wetland tourism with wetland agriculture and fishery.

4. Incorporate wetland eco-tourism into regional tourism development planning to promote regional coordinated development.

The wetland eco-tourism resources in China basically coexist with some other types of tourism resources. Under the guidance of the theory of regional division of labor, we should comprehensively consider the resource situation in this area and jointly develop it with the surrounding resources to form a large and coordinated tourist area.

5. Strengthen the construction of laws and regulations, and bring wetland ecotourism into the legal track.

Many problems in the development of wetland ecotourism in China are related to the lack of clear laws and regulations. The government should formulate corresponding regulations on wetland protection, utilization and management, and strengthen supervision and inspection. (